Medicinal Herbs: Active Constituents: Flavonoids

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Video 2 - Flavonoids (Fla - vuh - noydz)

References:
Encyclopedia of Medical Herbs: Andrew Cheballier, FNIHM
Flavonoids: an overview: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5465813/

Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci. 2016;5:e47. Published 2016 Dec 29. doi:10.1017/jns.2016.41
What Are Flavonoids?: Healthline: https://www.healthline.com/health/what-are-flavonoids-everything-you-need-to-know

What are Flavonoids? LiveScience: https://www.livescience.com/52524-flavonoids.html

Flavonoids are a group of Phytonutrients (Plant Chemical) found in almost all fruits and vegetables. This chemical gives vivid color to the different types of fruits and vegetables. This is the largest group of phytonutrients with more than 6000 types.

Flavonoids are rich in antioxidants, which make them useful in fighting off or keeping at bay everyday toxins. They are also known to help decrease risk of certain chronic health conditions such as:
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Cancer Prevention
Neurodegenerative disease protection

Flavonoids can also help with Weight Management because they release a hormone called Leptin when we eat them, this hormone naturally decreases the appetite, as well as relieves inflammation.

Flavonoids do have different groupings and these groupings do have different medical benefits:

The groupings:

Flavones: These include luteolin and apigenin. Good sources of flavones are celery, parsley, various herbs and hot peppers. Flavones are associated with overall antioxidant benefits and delaying the metabolizing of drugs.

Anthocyanidins: These include malvidin, pelargondin, peoidin and cyanidin. Good sources of anthocyanidins include red, purple and blue berries; pomegranates; plums; red wine; and red and purple grapes. Anthocyanidins are associated with heart health, antioxidant effects and helping with obesity and diabetes prevention.

Flavonones: These include hesperetin, eriodictyol and naringenin. Flavonones are found abundantly in citrus fruits. They are associated with cardiovascular health, relaxation and overall antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Isoflavones: This subgroup includes genistein, glycitein and daidzein. Isoflavones are highly concentrated in soybeans and soy products, as well as legumes. They are phytoestrogens, meaning that they are chemicals that act like the hormone estrogen. Scientists suspect they may be beneficial in lowering the risk of hormonal cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancers, though study results are currently mixed. In various studies, isoflavones have sometimes acted as antioxidants and sometimes as oxidants, so their effect on cancer is unclear. They are also being studied as a way to treat menopausal symptoms.

Flavonols: This widely distributed subgroup of flavonoids includes quercetin and kaempferol. They are found in onions, leeks, Brussels sprouts, kale, broccoli, tea, berries, beans and apples. Quercetin is an antihistamine associated with helping to relieve hay fever and hives. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory benefits. Kaempferol and other flavonols are associated with powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities leading to chronic disease prevention.

Flavanols: There are three primary types of flavanols: monomers (more widely known as catechins), dimers and polymers. Flavanols are found in teas, cocoa, grapes, apples, berries, fava beans and red wine. Catechins are especially common in green and white teas, while dimers, which are associated with lowering cholesterol, are found in black tea. Scientists suspect catechins might be useful in aiding chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms. Catechins are also associated with cardiovascular and neurological health.

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