F-22 Raptor: Technological Marvel Or Ready For Retirement?

F-22 Raptor: Technological Marvel Or Ready For Retirement?

Often considered the most advanced fighter plane ever built, the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is a technological marvel. The world’s first operational fifth-generation fighter, the F-22 was designed with a bevy of novel features – stealth technology, supercruise, supermaneuverability, and sensor fusion – all combined to create the preeminent air superiority fighter. Nonetheless, the fighter plane is certainly not perfect, expensive to fly, and not without past problems.

F-22: The Power.

Enabling much of the F-22’s performance are two Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbofan engines. Each engine has a thrust-vectoring nozzle, which can move twenty degrees either up or down, allowing for the F-22 to achieve “supermaneuverability.” In addition to the nimble, thrust vectoring nozzles, each engine provides conventional power – in the form of 35,000 pounds of thrust, allowing the F-22 to exceed Mach 2.

Perhaps more importantly than the F-22’s ability to achieve high-end speed, is the plane’s ability to do so while conserving fuel. The F-22 is capable of supercruise, that is: supersonic flight without using afterburners. Giving jets an extra boost of power, afterburners take a jet engine’s unspent oxygen, combines it with jet fuel, and squirts the mixture into the engine’s exhaust stream, which ignites the mixture. The result is essentially a blowtorch, which is then angled out the back of the engine’s nozzle, giving the plane an extra boost. Afterburners are very effective for generating speed – yet, they consume gluttonous amounts of fuel.

Supercruise allows a jet, in theory, to intercept fast-moving enemy aircraft while maintaining enough fuel reserves to engage the target once intercepted. The F-22 is capable of engaging targets at speeds of Mach 1.5 (at 50,000 feet), which provides a 50 percent increased employment range for air-to-air missiles, plus double the effective range for JDAMs. Both the F-22’s air-to-air missiles and JDAM bombs are stored in internal weapons bay.

Instead of carrying its weapons payload on external hardpoints, the F-22 has an internal weapons bay. The internal weapons bay is quite valuable. First, by carrying weapons internally, the F-22 reduces its radar signature, making detection harder. Second, the internal payload scheme makes for a more aerodynamic craft; the F-22 avoids the parasitic drag (and resultant performance reduction) that external hardpoints cause.

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