Hidden Tribes: The Appeal of Motivated Reasoning

3 years ago
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Exposing The Appeal of Motivated Reasoning

How did you come to believe in everything that makes you, you? Did you feel the sneaky appeal of motivated reasoning, or did it take you by surprise? It used to be that scientists figured people made decisions about the world and their beliefs in a fact-based way. But that… doesn’t seem to be the case. Most people’s brains pick through available information, discard whatever causes unpleasant emotions, and keeps whatever creates the most comfortable version of reality imaginable. Reason, even for those most highly trained in science and mathematics - seems to be much more about tribal, emotional ties than it is about just the facts.

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Join us on a journey to the inner workings of the human mind, the hidden appeal of incentive-driven reasoning, and a few suggestions for how to stay away from these cognitive traps. Stick around for part 2, where we speak with Dr. Christopher French, professor of Anomalistic Psychology at the University of London.

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#MotivatedReasoning #CognitiveDissonance #TribalPsychology

ESSAY REFERENCES:

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Boykoff, M. T., & Boykoff, J. M. (2004). Balance as bias: global warming and the US prestige press. Global Environmental Change, 14(2), 125–136. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.001

Cherniak, C., Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1983). Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment. The Philosophical Review, 92(3), 462. doi:10.2307/2184495

Cory J. Clark & Bo M. Winegard (2020) Tribalism in War and Peace: The Nature and Evolution of Ideological Epistemology and Its Significance for Modern Social Science, Psychological Inquiry, 31:1, 1-22, DOI: 10.1080/1047840X.2020.1721233

Epley, Nicholas, and Thomas Gilovich. 2016. "The Mechanics of Motivated Reasoning." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30 (3): 133-40.

Festinger, Leon; Henry W. Riecken; Stanley Schachter (1956). When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group that Predicted the Destruction of the World. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 1-59147-727-1. Reissued 2008 by Pinter & Martin with a foreword by Elliot Aronson, ISBN 978-1-905177-19-6

Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58(2), 203–210. doi:10.1037/h0041593

Festinger, Leon (October 1962). "Cognitive Dissonance". Scientific American. 207 (4): 93–106. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1062-93

Gilbert, D. T., Tafarodi, R. W., & Malone, P. S. (1993). You can’t not believe everything you read. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 221–233.

Haidt, J. (2017). Viewpoint diversity in Academia. https://jonathanhaidt.com/viewpoint-diversity/

Kahan, D. M. (2012). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection: An experimental study. Judgment and Decision making.

Kahan, Dan M., (May 24, 2017). Misconceptions, Misinformation, and the Logic of Identity-Protective Cognition. Yale Law & Economics Research Paper No. 575.

Linder, D. E., Cooper, J., & Jones, E. E. (1967). Decision freedom as a determinant of the role of incentive magnitude in attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6(3), 245–254.

Morewedge, C. K., Yoon, H., Scopelliti, I., Symborski, C. W., Korris, J. H., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Debiasing Decisions. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(1), 129–140.

Paterson, N. R. (2011). Global Warming: A Critique of the Anthropogenic Model and its Consequences. Geoscience Canada

Van Prooijen, J.-W., Klein, O., & Milošević Đorđević, J. (2020). Social-cognitive processes underlying belief in conspiracy theories. In M. Butter & P. Knight (Eds.), Handbook of Conspiracy Theories

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