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Anterior neck muscles
Anterior neck muscles. Love anatomy
The anterior neck muscles are a group of muscles covering the anterior aspect of the neck. They are further divided into 3 subgroups:
The superficial muscles are the most superficial in the anterior neck, and include the platysma and sternocleidomastoid.
The suprahyoid muscles, as the name suggests, are found superior to the hyoid bone, and include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid.
The infrahyoid muscles are found inferior to the hyoid bone and consist of the sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid.
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lumbar disc herniation
The natural history of lumbar disc herniation indicates that they may decrease in size or even disappear within a few weeks or months of onset. In migrated or extruded herniations, phagocytosis of the herniated disc by the macrophages occurs, while, in contained herniations, dehydration of the herniated nucleus pulposus plays a major role in the reduction of the herniated disc size.
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Lumbar discectomy
Lumbar discectomy is the most common operation performed in the United States for lumbar-related symptoms. Lumbar disc herniation accounts for only 5% of all low back pain problems but is the most common cause of radiating nerve root pain (sciatica).
The natural history of lumbar disc herniation indicates that they may decrease in size or even disappear within a few weeks or months of onset. In migrated or extruded herniations, phagocytosis of the herniated disc by the macrophages occurs, while, in contained herniations, dehydration of the herniated nucleus pulposus plays a major role in the reduction of the herniated disc size.
Approximately 90% of acute sciatica attacks improve with conservative management; thus, the mainstay of treatment for a patient with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation continues to be nonoperative methods, such as treatment with anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and lumbar injection, unless the patient has an acute or progressive neurological deficit.
Indications for lumbar discectomy include altered bladder and bowel function and progressive neurological deficits such as motor weakness or sensory deficit in the lower extremities. Surgery should also be considered in patients with radicular pain that persists after an adequate course of conservative management.
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Bring Spring Indoors
Bring Spring Indoors: Create Beautiful Handmade Picture Frames with Flowers!
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Mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid muscle is one of the suprahyoid muscles that, together with geniohyoid muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity.
Along with the other suprahyoid muscles (digastric, geniohyoid and stylohyoid), it connects the hyoid bone to the skull. The functions of this muscle are to facilitate speech and deglutition by elevating the floor of the mouth and hyoid bone and depressing the mandible.
Attaching between the mandible and hyoid bone, the mylohyoid muscle has the following actions;
Like all the other suprahyoid muscles, it elevates both the hyoid bone and floor of mouth, when the mandibular attachment is fixed.
It depresses mandible with the hyoid attachment fixed.
With its elevating actions on hyoid and floor of the mouth, the mylohyoid muscle aids deglutition by pressing the tongue against the hard palate, thus pushing the bolus towards the pharynx. Along with digastric and geniohyoid muscles, the mylohyoid can depress the mandible against resistance, separating teeth that may be held together by food and facilitating chewing.
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Magic with Flower Magic Wands
Create Magic with Flower Magic Wands: Perfect Outdoor Craft for Kids!
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The longissimus muscle
The longissimus muscle forms the central column of the erector spinae muscle group and is the longest and thickest of this group. It is divided into three regions based on their attachments:
Longissimus capitis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus thoracis, which is further subdivided into thoracic and lumbar parts.
Generally speaking, longissimus muscle is a powerful extensor of the vertebral column. However, its exact function depends on the degree of engagement of the different muscle parts. Bilateral contraction of the entire muscle results in extension of the lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine, along with extension of the head and neck. Unilateral contraction of the longissimus muscle results in lateral flexion of the spine on the same side (ipsilaterally). An alternated unilateral contraction of the left and right longissimus aids the walking process by leveling the pelvis and steadying the vertebral column.
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Creative Handicraft for Kids' Delight
Chopstick Mini Swing: Creative Handicraft for Kids' Delight
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Longissimus thoracis active stretching
Longissimus thoracis active stretching
Sit on the floor, straighten your legs and slowly reach forward until you feel a stretch in your lower back.
Pain is complex, and although this exercise may help a lot of people, it may not be appropriate for everyone. This is just 1 option. There are a lot of other exercises that work with the same intent that you can add to this or might even work better for you. It’s also important to address things like sleep, stress, mood, hydration, prolonged postures or repetitive movements as well.
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The iliacus muscle
Iliacus is a triangular muscle of the iliac region which together with the psoas major, comprises the iliopsoas muscle.
The iliacus muscle has a vast origin, the majority of it arising from the superior two-thirds of the iliac fossa. The rest arises from several other origin points, which are the inner lip of the iliac crest, the lateral aspect of the sacrum and anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments. The muscle fibers converge distally towards the hip, thus contributing to the triangular shape of this muscle.
At the level of the capsule of the hip joint, the iliacus muscle fibers blend with those of the psoas major muscle, forming a common tendon for the iliopsoas. The tendon of iliopsoas crosses the anterior surface of the hip joint to finally insert to the lesser trochanter of femur. Before insertion, the tendon of iliopsoas receives a small slip called the iliocapsularis muscle, which is a small muscle lying just superficial to the hip joint capsule.
The iliacus muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4).
The iliacus muscle works in synergy with the psoas major muscle to produce movements in the hip joint. When its proximal attachment is fixed, the muscle contributes to the flexion of the thigh. On the other hand, with its distal attachment fixed, the muscle helps to bring the trunk forwards against resistance. These actions are essential for lower limb functions such as walking, running and jumping.
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