InteractiveBiology

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this video, I'm just giving you an update on what's been happening in my life, and what will be happening on the site. Thank you for all you've done!

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun In this video, Leslie talks about the pressure changes in the Thoracic, Pleural and Pulmonary cavity and how they change during breathing. Enjoy!

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this video, Leslie talks about the bohr effect, showing how a combination of an increase in CO2 production, combined with a reduction in pH results in an increase in Oxygen delivery by Hemoglobin.

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this episode, Leslie talks about how Hemoglobin transports oxygen. He also explains the oxygen dissociation curve and how that makes it easier to pick up and deliver oxygen when necessary. http://www.interactive-biology.com

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this episode, Leslie introduces the respiratory system, showing how oxygen enters the mouth or nose, goes into the pharynx, to the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and then alveoli, and shows how it enters the blood stream via the capillaries. http://www.interactive-biology.com

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this episode, Leslie explains what Net Hydrostatic pressure is and how to calculate it. He also shows how filtration pressure is determined by Net Hydrostatic Pressure and Osmotic pressure. Lastly, he shows how High Blood Pressure can lead to Edema. Enjoy! http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered What happens when Mean Arterial Pressure goes to high? Baroreceptors fire, signal goes to the medulla, parasympathetic activity goes up, Sympathetic Activity goes down, which ends up resulting in an increase in Mean Arterial Pressure. What in the world did all of that mean? Check out the video and find out! . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered This is the follow-up to part 2, where I talk about two other ways Peripheral Resistance is regulated - Looking at Blood Viscosity and Total Blood Vessel length. http://www.interactive-biology.com Video Chapters: 00:00 Intro 00:24 Review: MAP = CO x PR Formula and how changes in PR affects MAP 00:55 Review: Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation Effects on Peripheral Resistance 01:20 Blood Viscosity and how it affects Mean Arterial Pressure 02:27 What is Blood Viscosity: Ratio of RBCs to Plasma 03:03 Effects of changes in Blood Viscosity 03:35 Examples of Increased Blood Viscosity: Dehydration 04:03 Examples of Decreased Blood Viscosity: Anemia, Hemorrhage 04:44 Effect of Total Blood Vessel Length on Peripheral Resistance 05:56 How Gaining Weight Affects Peripheral Resistance 07:23 Review: How Changes in Peripheral Resistance Affects Mean Arterial Pressure . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered Mean Arterial Pressure is Cardiac Output times Peripheral Resistance. That means if there's a change in Peripheral Resistance, that will result in a change in Mean Arterial Pressure. In this video, Leslie gets into the topic of regulating Peripheral Resistance by using the examples of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. He also goes into how Plaque in the arteries influences Pressure by influencing Peripheral Resistance. ➟ Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:33 Review - Blood Pathway to and from the heart 01:20 Review - Two ways of Calculating Mean Arterial Pressure 02:30 What is Peripheral Resistance? 03:49 Regulating Peripheral Resistance 04:05 Blood vessels involved in the blood pathway 05:16 Effect of Dilation and Constriction of Arterioles on Peripheral Resistance 07:16 Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Effects on Peripheral Resistance 08:05 Epinephrine as Vasodilator ⇨ Decrease Peripheral Resistance 10:24 Norepinephrine as Vasoconstrictor ⇨ Increase Peripheral Resistance 12:00 Changing Peripheral Resistance Affects Mean Arterial Pressure values 12:38 Summary 13:08 Additional sample: Atherosclerosis ⇨ Increase Peripheral Resistance and in effect increases MAP and BP. http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this episode, Leslie first defines what blood pressure is and shows how it varies in the blood vessels throughout the body. He then shows what Mean Arterial Pressure is and goes into two different ways to calculate it. ➟ Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:36 Heart Function 01:05 Heart Pumping blood inside the human body 01:43 What is Blood Pressure? 03:26 Blood pathway as it leaves the heart 03:50 Blood pressure is greater nearer the heart. 04:17 Chart- Blood pressure values as it leaves and goes back to the heart. 07:16 Heart ventricular contraction (Systolic Pressure) 08:44 Blood pressure values on the way back to the heart 09:21 Normal blood pressure values 10:25 What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)? 11:28 Calculating Mean Arterial Pressure #1 ➯ MAP = CO x PR 12:40 What is Peripheral Resistance? 13:03 Calculating Mean Arterial Pressure #2 ➯ MAP = Diastolic BP + 1/3 (Systolic BP - Diastolic BP) http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered This episode goes through the details involved in determining cardiac output. It goes into the cardiac output formula, showing how strove volume and heart rate are involved in determining cardiac output. It also deals with what happens to cardiac output during exercise and after training for long periods of time. Enjoy! ➟ Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:24 Diagram of the heart during systole (ventricular contraction) 01:10 What is Cardiac Output? 01:55 Cardiac Output Formula CO = Stroke Volume (ml/beat) x Heart Rate (beats/min) 03:23 Sample Cardiac Output computation 06:12 How Cardiac Output values are affected during exercise 08:24 What does the cardiac output value suggest? 08:43 How Regular Exercise Makes the Heart more efficient in pumping blood. http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun We all know that the heart beats. We don't even need to think about it - it just happens. But, there are many details that need to come together in order for it to happen efficiently and effectively. In this videos, Leslie goes through the concepts involved in the cycle, explaining the phonocardiogram, electrocardiogram (ACG/EKG), ventricular volume and pressure, atrial pressure and aortic pressure. Enjoy! http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://4065482.polldaddy.com/s/growing-interactive-biology - In this video, I talk about some of the great things that are happening right now for Interactive TV. Please complete the survey to voice your opinion on the direction you think we should be heading!

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun This Video summarizes what Interactive Biology is all About!

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this video, I talk about the isovolumetric contraction of the ventricles. Once the signal travels to the ventricles, the ventricles contract. However, the valves remain closed until the pressure builds up high enough to open those valves. That stage of contraction, when the volume of blood in the ventricles stays the same, is called isovolumetric contraction. Watch the video for more details. ➟ Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:18 Images of the Heart during Diastolic and Systolic states 00:58 Blood enters heart - atrioventricular valve opens 01:10 What happens during ventricular contraction? 01:40 Graph showing blood volume during heart contraction (diastole and systole) 02:34 Graph showing pressure values during heart contraction (diastole and systole) 04:12 Isovolumetric contraction phase http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this video, I talk about some of the things the body does to regulate stroke volume. I talk about the skeletal muscle pump and how that increases venous returns and about how the increased venous return results in a stronger contraction (Frank-Starling Mechanism). Enjoy! http://www.interactive-biology.com 00:00 Intro 00:21 Quick review: Heart Blood Flow 00:47 Quick review: Stroke Volume 01:25 Regulating Stroke Volume 01:50 How to Change End Diastolic Volume and End Systolic Volume 02:14 Cases when End Diastolic Volume is Increased 03:38 Skeletal Muscle Pump: Increase Venous Return 06:49 Controlling End Systolic Volume 07:00 Quick review: Muscle Contraction 07:57 How increased venous return results in a stronger contraction. 09:09 Frank-Starling Mechanism . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun In this video, I talk about what stroke Volume is - the difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume. SV = EDV-ESV. Enjoy! 00:00 Intro 01:20 What is Stroke Volume? 01:55 Blood flow in the heart 02:30 Definition of Systole 02:40 Definition of Diastole 02:48 Definition of End Diastole Volume (EDV) 03:14 Definition of End Systolic Volume (ESV) 03:46 Graph showing EDV and ESV points 05:23 Calculating Stroke Volume (SV = EDV-ESV) . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun. In this video, I go through the P wave, QRS complex, T and U waves of the Electrocardiagram and go into the details of what each of them represents. Enjoy! ➟Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:20 What is an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)? 00:43 Uses of ECG 01:01 How ECG is conducted 01:13 How an ECG looks like 01:28 Components of an ECG 02:05 P Wave (Depolarization of atria) 02:35 QRS Complex (Depolarization of the ventricles) 03:00 T Wave (Repolarization of the ventricles) 03:20 Why signals from the ventricles are larger than those coming from the atria 03:50 U Wave (Repolarization of the Purkinje fibers) 04:35 Summary http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Making Biology Fun In this episode, I show how the Action potential is generated in cardiac muscle cells and how this results in Contraction of the Heart. When the action potential happens, calcium ions are released from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing the plateau. Calcium ions then trigger muscle contraction. 00:00 Intro 00:20 Review: SA and AV Node and Purkinje Fibers 01:00 How heart muscle cells are electrically connected. 02:08 Conduction velocities 03:14 Why does conduction velocity change from the SA Node down to the Purkinje fibers? 03:51 What happens inside the cardiac muscle cells? 04:13 Action potential chart - Depolarization of membrane potential 04:44 Plateau phase (calcium ions are released) 05:24 Repolarization of cardiac muscle cells 06:16 Release of calcium ions and Muscle contraction http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - Our Site http://www.interactive-biology.com/community/ - Get your BIology Questions Answered In this episode, I discuss the effect of Adrenaline and Acetylcholine on heart rate. Adrenaline speeds it up and Acetylcholine slows it down. They both have their effect by modifying the conductance for ions such as Sodium, Potassium and Calcium across the membrane of the cells of the SA node. Watch the video to find out how :) ➟ Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:58 Release of adrenaline from the body 01:18 Effect of adrenaline release in pacemaker cell conductance 01:46 Action potential graph with increased adrenaline release 02:33 Release of acetylcholine from the body 02:46 Effect of acetylcholine release in pacemaker cell conductance 03:07 The action potential graph with increased acetylcholine release 04:03 Summary http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - In this episode, I talk about how the Pacemaker Potential results in the signal that causes the heart to beat. I show how the greater conductance for Sodium ions in the Pacemaker Cells in the S.A. Node cause the cells to depolarize, opening voltage-gated Calcium channels when the membrane potential reaches threshold. This results in the action potential. Then Potassium channel open, letting Potassium ions leave, repolarizing the cells. ➟ Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:25 The Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) 01:20 The Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) 01:45 The Pacemaker Potential 01:52 Purkinje Fibers 02:21 Pacemaker cells 02:37 Action Potential 03:39 Repolarization 04:35 Signals resulting in heart contraction 04:53 Summary Enjoy! http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - In this video, I go through the process of how blood flows through the heart. It shows blood entering via the vena cave to the Right atrium, then getting pumped into the right ventricle, to the pulmonary vein to the lungs, to the left atria, left ventricle, and then via the aorta to the rest of the body. ➟ Video Chapters 00:00 Intro 00:23 Two pictures of the heart 00:48 Heart orientation 01:25 Parts of the Heart. - Heart Atria 01:39 Heart Ventricles 01:56 Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral / bicuspid valves) 03:13 Pulmonary / right semilunar valve 03:38 Aortic / left semilunar valve 03:55 Recap - Valves of the heart 04:39 Deoxygenated blood enters the heart. 05:38 Deoxygenated blood enters the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. 06:00 Oxygenated blood re-enters the heart from the lungs. 06:37 Recap - Heart blood flow 07:40 Function of the heart 08:20 Both atria and ventricles contract simultaneously. Enjoy! http://www.interactive-biology.com . Download a PDF copy of The Cardiac Cycle Made Easy here 👉 https://www.interactive-biology.com/cardiaccycle/

http://www.interactive-biology.com - In this video, I go into the nitty gritty details of how muscle contraction works at the level of actin and myosin in the Sarcomere. I deal with words like troponin and tropomyosin, sarcoplasmic reticulum and Terminal Cisternae. Fun Stuff. Enjoy!

http://www.interactive-biology.com - In this video, I show how the release of Calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum results in skeletal muscle contraction at the level of the sarcomere. Enjoy

http://www.interactive-biology.com - In this episode, I start talking about skeletal muscle contraction, by giving a general introduction into how muscle contraction happens. I deal with how the action of actin and myosin in the sarcomere results in movement. Enjoy!