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How to Properly Interact and Play with Your Parrot by Bird Street Bistro March 25, 2019 Birds are very social creatures, and they require plenty of mental stimulation and social interaction to be truly happy. Parakeet, cockatiel, cockatoo, lovebird, macaw, budgie and African grey species all possess surprising amounts of emotional complexity and general intelligence, and they all want to form a bond with you and your family. HOW TO PLAY WITH PARROT? However, it's important to understand how to properly handle and play with your parrot so that you are sending positive, friends-only signals. It's also important for you and your family to realize that consistent interaction with your bird is the best way to build trust and foster a healthy flock mentality. Whether you're hoping to get a new bird to warm up to you or simply looking for ways to strengthen the relationship between you and your bird, this guide on ways to properly interact is a great place to start. What Does "Proper" Interaction Mean? We know you love your pet bird and would never intentionally mishandle your companion. Many owners do not realize that certain types of handling and interaction are considered flirtatious, and this can cause confusion and frustration for your bird. When playing, be sure to keep from bobbing your head or offering treats from your mouth. This is considered mating-type behavior. If you're handling your bird, do not venture outside of the "safe" petting zones like the head, neck and feet. Petting under the wings, along the back or around the vent area signals that you want to be mates, which can lead to unwanted behaviors. Now that you know what "proper" interaction looks like, let's move on to safe and fun ways in which you can bond with your bird. 1. Sing and chat together. Vocalization is the primary way in which birds communicate, so this is a great way to build up friendship. This is an especially great trick to try if your bird is having trouble warming up to you or doesn't yet feel comfortable with your family. Speaking to your bird in low, calm tones or softly singing little tunes to it is a soothing, low-key interaction that can go a long way towards making your bird feel safe and happy. If your parakeet is happy being held, you may do this while holding it. Otherwise, you can simply leave the cage door open and let your bird decide whether it wants to hop out or stay in its familiar environment. 2. Encourage playtime with treats. Food is the best way to facilitate fun and friendship with your bird. Choose a favorite treat, and play foraging games together. Remember to keep the size of your bird in mind when you choose the games to play. Try hiding lovebird food inside of a balled-up piece of paper that must be taken apart to get the treat, or play a guessing game with a bit of parrot food and some toy cups. If your bird doesn't seem interested in playing other games like fetch or hide and seek, use treats and encouraging words to make the time more fun. 3. Share a meal. Sharing food is something that will help your cockatiel, budgie or African grey feel closer to you. While you're probably not interested in eating pellets of parrot food or parakeet food, you can opt for gourmet mash foods such as the blends from Bird Street Bistro. Otherwise, look for parakeet food or lovebird food that you might also enjoy, such as certain seeds, nuts, fruits or veggies. 4. Teach your bird fun tricks. Trick training is one of the most fun and rewarding play interactions that parrots and owners can have. Because they are so intelligent, they love to learn new tasks. Games such as "birdie basketball", peek-a-boo and fetch may take a bit of practice, but once your bird learns how to play, these can be lots of fun for both of you. Learning step-ups, dances, waving and other tricks is a great way to shower them with attention, praise and treats, and it lets them "show off" for strangers. Be Mindful of Your Bird's Feelings In all of your playtime and socializing, be sure to pay attention to your lovebird or macaw and monitor body language. If your bird isn't interested in a game, don't force it. Try switching to a different game or allowing your bird to roam around the space while you chat or sing. Ultimately, the "right" way to play with your parrot comes down to getting to know your bird and understanding which games, treats and types of interaction it prefers. The most important thing to remember is that you and your family are the only flockmates your bird has, so it's up to you to make your bird feel safe, happy and loved.

The Smallest Parrot you have ever seen - Tiny egg rescue Parrots have captivated many people for hundreds of years, offering beauty, affection, and intelligent companionship to people all over the world. Even those who don't profess to be bird lovers can rarely resist the charms of a well-behaved parrot. Indeed they embody so many things that people find desirable in their pets. All to often, however, those who would love to invite a parrot into their lives refrain from adopting one because they aren't aware of the many available varieties. Not all parrots are extremely large. Read on to discover some smaller, more manageable species that can make excellent pets for the right people. No.01 of 05 Budgies : Long hailed as one of the most popular of all the pet bird species, the tiny Budgie (also known in many places as simply "Parakeet") is one of the smallest species of true parrots, and can make an exceptional choice for parrot enthusiasts who feel that they aren't quite ready for a very large bird. Budgies can learn to talk quite well, with some able to develop a vocabulary consisting of hundreds of words. They also love to learn tricks and have the bonus of being quieter than most other hookbills. While Budgies certainly need space to play and exercise, they can be housed in much smaller cages than larger parrots like Macaws or Cockatoos. This makes them a common choice for apartment dwellers or those with cozier quarters. Among the shortest for "pet" birds, captive budgies average seven to 15 years' lifespan. 02 of 05 Parrotlets ; If a Budgie isn't quite what you are looking for, then you might consider the smallest parrot species on Earth--the lovely Parrotlet. Parrotlets come in several varieties, each with unique traits. However, one thing that they all have in common is that they can make wonderful pets with proper care. Parrotlets need a lot of socialization and exercise, so it's important that those who adopt them have lots of spare time to spend with them. Some can learn to talk, but even those that don't tend to have large personalities that shine through in their antics. After all, their closest cousins are the Amazon parrots, so it's no surprise that Parrotlets delight parrot lovers with their comical dispositions. Parrotlets in captivity enjoy lifespans of 20 to 30 years--a longterm commitment for any pet owner considering adding one to their family. 03 of 05 Lovebirds Hailing from Africa, the beautiful colors that can be observed in Lovebird feathers are undoubtedly one of the things that make them such popular pets. They are simply stunning. Lovebirds come in a variety of types, but they can all make great pets with proper training and socialization. They don't normally learn to talk, but Lovebirds do enjoy learning tricks and can be delightful little performers in other respects. One common misconception about Lovebirds is that they must be kept in pairs--this is not the case at all. Most Lovebird owners have found that single Lovebirds tend to make better pets in general than pairs do. This is because single birds attach and bond with their owners instead of another bird. Lovebirds' captive lifespans average 15 to 25 years, which should factor into your decision to make one part of your family. 04 of 05 Small Conures While the majority of them are medium-sized or larger birds, some small Conure species can be great choices for those looking for a small parrot. These include the Black-Capped Conures which are only 10 inches long, and the Half-Moon Conures, which are even smaller. While they can be louder than some of the other species listed here, they are extremely intelligent, bond strongly with their owners, and love to learn tricks and play games. Conures also have long lifespans--captive lifespan for a healthy conure averages 20 years, so this should be a consideration in your decision-making process. 05 of 05 Cockatiels While they are slightly larger than some of the other birds on this list, Cockatiels are a very popular species of small parrot that delight bird owners both young and old with their affectionate personalities and playful dispositions. Cockatiels love spending time with their owners, and they need plenty of time each day to come out of the cage to play, exercise, and socialize. Some have been known to learn to say a few words, but by and large Cockatiels seem to prefer to mimic household sounds such as telephones and doorbells rather than human speech. They are highly trainable and respond well to positive reinforcement. Cockatiels typically enjoy a 15- to 25-year lifespan in captivity.

HOW TO EDUCATE YOUR PUPPY IN THEIR FIRST FEW MONTHS Tiny Golden Retriever Puppy Training your new puppy can be both exciting and daunting. It’s best to begin teaching proper behavior in your pup as soon as possible to prevent any bad habits from forming. Early training and socialization will instill good behavior that will stay with your dog all their life and affect how they interact with others in the future. When educating your puppy, start by focusing on routines (when to go to bed, where to eat, etc.) and basic housetraining. As they grow, work on curbing their biting and nipping, teach them basic commands and how to recognize their name, and help them become comfortable with new people and situations. If you reinforce these habits on a daily basis, you will soon have a well-trained new member of the family. If you follow the three Rs approach: (reward, don’t reprimand, and routine), you will be on your way to raising a well-behaved, loving companion. The Three “R” Approach: Reward Rewarding your puppy whenever they do something good is an important component of their training process. This is because dogs will soon learn to repeat the actions that lead to rewards. You can reward your pup in the form of treats, toys, play and cuddles! Although food lure training is an effective way to get your pup to obey commands, it’s important to not overuse this method, so your dog does not only comply when given food. Likewise, it is important to remember that treats increase your dog’s daily caloric intake. Consult your vet about a proper food plan for your dog in order to keep them at an optimal weight. Don’t Reprimand It’s important to realize that dogs don’t understand cause and effect the same way humans do. Getting mad at your puppy for doing something wrong isn’t effective, since the dog will most likely not even remember what they did. It is much more effective to teach him an alternative behavior that he can perform. Routine Sticking to a routine gives your new puppy much-needed structure in order for them to feel secure in their new and unfamiliar environment. This means that the time your pup wakes up, goes on walks, eats, and sleep should all be done at the same times each day. Walking your pup at the same time each day is also extremely helpful for potty training since your dog will learn that they can go during these set times.

The cat (Felis catus) is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal.[1][2] It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is often referred to as the domestic cat to distinguish it from the wild members of the family.[4] A cat can either be a house cat, a farm cat or a feral cat; the latter ranges freely and avoids human contact.[5] Domestic cats are valued by humans for companionship and their ability to hunt rodents. About 60 cat breeds are recognized by various cat registries.[6] The cat is similar in anatomy to the other felid species: it has a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp teeth and retractable claws adapted to killing small prey. Its night vision and sense of smell are well developed. Cat communication includes vocalizations like meowing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling and grunting as well as cat-specific body language. A predator that is most active at dawn and dusk (crepuscular), the cat is a solitary hunter but a social species. It can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small mammals.[7] It secretes and perceives pheromones.[8] Female domestic cats can have kittens from spring to late autumn, with litter sizes often ranging from two to five kittens.[9] Domestic cats are bred and shown at events as registered pedigreed cats, a hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control breeding of pet cats by spaying and neutering, as well as abandonment of pets, resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, contributing to the extinction of entire bird, mammal, and reptile species, and evoking population control.[10] Cats were first domesticated in the Near East around 7500 BC.[11] It was long thought that cat domestication was initiated in ancient Egypt, as since around 3100 BC veneration was given to cats in ancient Egypt.[12][13] As of 2021 there are an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world.[14][15] As of 2017, the domestic cat was the second-most popular pet in the United States, with 95 million cats owned.[16][17][18] In the United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats as of 2020.[19]

porcupines are large rodents with coats of sharp spines, or quills, that protect them against predation. The term covers two families of animals: the Old World porcupines of family Hystricidae, and the New World porcupines of family Erethizontidae. Both families belong to the infraorder Hystricognathi within the profoundly diverse order Rodentia and display superficially similar coats of quills. Despite this, the two groups are distinct from one another and are not closely related to each other within the Hystricognathi. The largest species of porcupine is the third-largest living rodent in the world after the capybara and beaver. The Old World porcupines live in Southern Europe, Asia (western[1] and southern), and most of Africa. They are large, terrestrial, and strictly nocturnal. In taxonomic terms, they form the family Hystricidae. The New World porcupines are indigenous to North America and northern South America. They live in wooded areas and can climb trees, where some species spend their entire lives. They are less strictly nocturnal than their Old World counterparts, and generally smaller. In taxonomic terms, they form the family Erethizontidae. Most porcupines are about 60–90 cm (25–36 in) long, with a 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long tail. Weighing 5–16 kg (12–35 lb), they are rounded, large, and slow, and use an aposematic strategy of defence. Porcupines' colouration consists of various shades of brown, grey and white. Porcupines' spiny protection resembles that of the unrelated erinaceomorph hedgehogs and Australian monotreme echidnas as well as tenrecid tenrecs.

Cat Reaction to Playing Toy - Funny Cat Toy Reaction Compilation || Baby Cat Playing with a Toy Mouse. We know you love to do everything you can to keep your beloved cat entertained. Whether your cat is a squeaky toy fan, a claw-sharpening tiger or more of a puzzle-solving genius, there is a myriad of toys available on the market to keep them occupied. However, some of these toys are potentially dangerous and despite guidelines for choosing wisely, there is no guarantee that any cat toy is 100% safe. It’s important to be aware of these dangers, and to make sure you’re supervising playtime. Let’s take a look at the different types of toys available, and how you can make sure that your cat is safe while they’re indulging their predator instincts. What cat toys are out there? Toys are a brilliant way to stimulate your cat’s mind, express their instinctive pouncing and chasing skills, encourage them to exercise more and prevent problems such as boredom and separation anxiety. Importantly, you can use toys to develop your bond with your cat through interactive play, and toys can offer a major source of enrichment, especially for indoor cats. Toys with an element of motion or sound are particularly appealing to cats. There are many cat toys currently available on the market for you to choose from. These include: Chase and pounce toys – Cats have a natural predatory instinct, so they enjoy toys that encourage them to chase and pounce. These include plastic balls, remote controlled toy mice, fabric ‘charmers’ and toys dangled from a teaser wand or fishing pole. Stuffed toys – These can mimic ‘prey’ which cats like to carry around, toss or ‘fight’. Treat dispensing toys – Kong wobbler toys are not just for dogs. Cats can express their natural stalking behaviour by pushing around a Kong until it releases treats. Cat food puzzles are another option. Cat water fountains – Cats love to drink from moving water sources that mimic running streams. If your cat loves their H2O, then a water fountain will keep them hydrated throughout the day. Cat tunnels – Tunnels are a treat for cats as in them they’re able to indulge some of the behaviours they’d naturally exhibit in the wild, like running, hiding, playing and pouncing. You can purchase either single one-way tunnels or multi-section tunnels that link up, depending on your cat’s size and the space you have available. Even a simple cardboard box with holes cut out can provide a perfect opportunity for playing hide and seek with your cat. Cat exercise wheels – These are a great way to encourage your cat to exercise, as well as preventing them from getting bored. They’re basically a hamster wheel or treadmill for cats. Cat climbing toys – Giving your cat the option to climb encourages them to develop their muscles and adds a new dimension to their playtime. It also allows them to enjoy the view from a high position, which provides stimulation and makes them feel safe. Cat climbing furniture can be a good way to keep your cat’s nails trim and give them something to scratch that isn’t your couch, although specific scratching posts should always be available. Examples of cat climbing toys include cat castles, ladders, condos or window hammocks. Phone apps for your cat – Your kitty might have a knack for the high-tech and be interested in what’s going on with your phone screen. There are a number of apps that have been especially developed for cats, so you can entertain them with some virtual fishing, frog hunting, or ball play. What are some of the dangers of these cat toys? All cat toys have potential dangers but there are some that you just shouldn’t let your cat play with. These include the following toys or household objects sometimes used as toys1: String, elastic yarn, ribbon or dental floss Paper clips Rubber bands Feather toys Plastic bags Toys with small parts inside Toys small enough for your cat to swallow (such as sparkle balls) The main dangers that can inherently come with any cat toy include suffocation, ingestion, stabbing, strangulation, falling, drowning, choking, or some other kind of injury.1 It’s important to be aware of these things and use a little common sense!. For example, any string-like or small sharp material can easily be swallowed, causing life-threatening damage to the intestines. String-like materials can also accidentally cause strangulation. The inside of your cat’s mouth could become lacerated by feathers, and plastic bags can cause suffocation, choking or intestinal blockage. Your cat’s sharp claws can also easily destroy cheap toys that contain many small, sharp parts. This makes them a big risk for either exposing elements of the toy that could stab your cat, or your cat accidentally ingesting something that will cause choking or a blockage in their intestines.1 Small toys (or parts of toys such as bells) that your cat could swallow also pose these risks. If your cat hasn’t had much experience with climbing apparatus before, they may be in danger of falling and injuring themselves. Cats may be known for always landing on four feet but, if they’re climbing in a cramped space with lots of other objects around, there’s nothing to say they couldn’t hit something and injure themselves on the way down. Wait until your kitten is at least four months old before buying them a climbing tree.2 How can I make sure my cat is safe? Fortunately, it’s very easy to ensure that your cat is kept safe while they’re playing with their toys. Be sure to purchase a piece of climbing furniture that’s appropriate for their size and experience, and double check that there aren’t any cords, ropes or dangly pieces that they could get caught in if they fall. Getting the environment right and making sure there’s enough space around the toy will ensure your cat can play safely. If you buy your cat small furry toys such as toy mice, be sure to remove plastic eyes, noses or any other parts that could be swallowed.3 The same applies to any other external parts of toys that your cat could chew or ingest, such as feathers, bells, ribbons or strings. It is safer to choose interactive wand toys that are made of strong material fabrics rather than string. Most importantly, remember to constantly supervise your cat if they’re playing with toys that could cause any potential injury, the way you would do with a toddler. This includes toys with batteries, moving mechanical parts, external small parts such as ornaments, dangling toys or toys on a wand. Careful supervision will allow you to prevent any injury and to remove these toys if your cat attempts to ingest them. These are the toys that should be kept out of reach of your cat when you’re not around. To be on the safe side, this should also apply to stuffed toys that could be ripped open, because the contents of some of these could lead to choking or intestinal damage.4 Always supervise any play between cats and children, particularly if toys are involved. Regularly inspect your cat’s toys for signs of damage or wear, and replace them when needed. And finally, follow any instructions that come with the toy, and look out for sharp edges or pointy bits that could injure them. Which toys are appropriate for cats and which for kittens? First of all, choose toys that are appropriate for your cat’s age. Kittens will usually enjoy more hands-on play with items that stimulate their senses, such as fishing poles, rattly balls or apps on your phone. Of course, make sure to always supervise your kitten’s play time to prevent them from breaking the toy and exposing themselves to any dangerous or sharp elements. From an early age, it’s important to not engage in play with your cat using your fingers or hands, as this will teach them that your extremities are play toys to be bitten or scratched at. Adult cats often enjoy more independent play that allows them to display their full range of predatory behaviour. Grown-up cats will enjoy toys like tunnels, exercise wheels or laser pointers, as this gives them the opportunity to exhibit their natural hunting sequence of ‘stalk, chase and kill’.5 How can I tell if something is wrong with my cat? There are a number of signs that your cat has ingested something they shouldn’t have, such as: If your cat isn’t urinating or defecating like normal, or if they have a significantly increased or decreased appetite If they’re regurgitating or vomiting If they’re coughing or having difficulty breathing If their gum colour is off (they should be a deep pink), or If their temperature is too high or low (it should be approximately 38 to 39 degrees Celsius). Behavioural changes, like anxiety, irritability, excessive vocalisation, constant rubbing, limping, wanting to go outside or wanting to be near you, can also be indications that something is wrong. If you notice that your cat is displaying any of these symptoms, it’s always best to take them to a veterinarian as soon as possible. If you’re suspicious that it may be a new toy that is making them sick, bring the toy with you to the veterinary clinic so the veterinarian can examine it and make a judgement. Your cat may also need to be x-rayed to detect any potential blockages. Keeping your cat safe during playtime We all love to spoil our cats and spend quality time with them playing and enjoying their unique personalities. However, always keep in mind to choose toys that minimize any potential hazards to your cat and to use common sense when deciding which toys to leave with your cat when they are unattended. As long as you’re thorough with your playtime supervision and toy checks, it’s easy to avoid an issue caused by your cat’s toys.

In this video a Bear is catching fish in river and playing in the river. Guys plz like share and subscribe if you happy with our video. very summer, the salmon run, when the fish moves from the ocean to the rivers of Alaska to breed, is an event eagerly awaited by grizzly bears returning from five to seven months of hibernation. Salmon splashed in the streams and grizzly brown bears were waiting to catch and devour them. Bears have been demonised in tales, but the reality is different. The grizzly bear, also known as the North American bear, tolerates human presence in wildlife sanctuaries, like any big cat predator. Alaska is the largest State in the United States, a hiker’s heaven of snowy wilderness, mountains, greenery and volcanoes. Half of the State is snow-covered. The U.S. purchased it from the Russian Empire at a cost of $7.2 million in 1867. It is the only non-contiguous State of the U.S. and has a maritime border with Russia. In Alaska, in summer (June to August), the grizzly bears wade the lakes and glacially fed streams in their hundreds to hunt salmon. The salmon is a cold-water fish native to the tributaries of the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans, and every year they move upstream from the Pacific to the freshwater streams of Alaska to breed. “It looks like a thrilling sports event when the bears go fishing, compete with each other, quarrel, rub shoulders, splash water and make it a merry and noisy affair,” said Nigil Haroon, a doctor from Kerala who is based in Toronto, Canada. He is a prominent wildlife photographer who visited the Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska in July 2019 to watch the bears hunting salmon. He narrated his experiences to this writer. “Katmai is a famed global wildlife destination. The bears plunge into the waters with their mouths open, chase the fish, thrash the water surface with their paws and swim frantically after the salmon. Some bears submerge neck deep in water to monitor salmon movements. Some others balance in the strong current. It is a visual experience.” In summer, when the Alaskan streams abound with fish, the bears eat salmon voraciously, sometimes up to 25 big fish a day. During the other seasons, the bears sustain themselves by eating berries, grass and vegetables. Nigil Haroon was on an observation platform with many other photographers when he sighted a few massive bears in the Brooks waterfall. An alert bear was watching the salmon leaping against the torrents. The bear meticulously calculated the movement of the salmon and, like an adroit goalkeeper, tightly gripped a salmon virtually leaping into its wide-open jaws. The frightened salmon tried to wriggle out, but the sharp teeth of the bear clamped it tight. Summer is virtually a feast time for the bears, when they eat a lot of salmon to store enough fat for the following winter months and to prepare for hibernation, a state of dormancy or winter sleep. In Alaska, the bears hibernate for five to seven months, depending upon their sex, region and the extent of winter. Nigil Haroon said that one had to apply two years in advance to book a hut in the Katmai National Park. U.S. citizens are given preference. The applicants are selected by lots. At any given time, more than 100 persons are not allowed inside. Stay options are costly, but food and services are very good. To photograph the bear hunt, one has to go rather close to the bears, within 50 feet (15 metres) or so. The bears are unconcerned about the presence of people. An internationally renowned bear expert, Dr John Hechtel, whom this writer contacted on email, said that the “bear is used to human presence. It is tolerant of people as long as it does not obtain any human food or garbage.” Hechtel has worked in Alaska’s Department of Fish and Game and has observed the bears for over three decades. He has studied Arctic bears, using radio collars. Once, an excited wildlife photographer inadvertently came face to face with a massive bear. But the bear receded. The photographer quipped: “The bear is a gentleman. I felt his fur brushing my body.” Many bears move in groups. When bears splash the streams, the salmon shoals are disrupted. Some bears, thrilled to see the salmon, may run about excitedly. But there are a few stalwarts, the dominant ones, who stand steadily in the current watching the salmon like robots, confident that the leaping salmon will not escape their powerful jaws. The more salmon a bear catches, the more greedy it gets. The bear is not fed up of eating salmon. Often, a bear may jump with joy at each catch. Nigil Haroon said their excitement, observed through binoculars, is often visible in their faces. The experts can be seen at different spots of the waterfalls. They are not troubled by any other bear intruding into their territory. Some of them are adept at cutting the head of the salmon by placing it on a rock. They separate the head of the fish and swallow it with relish. With their paws, they pull out the eggs from the stomach of the salmon. The bears especially like the eggs. The eminent U.S. wildlife biologist Douglas Chadwick, who has conducted extensive surveys on grizzlies, says that they are playful, inquisitive and keenly intelligent. He quotes Charles Robins, a professor at Washington State University and an expert on bears, to say that grizzlies are smarter than dogs and perhaps as bright as young children. The summer of 2019 was different in Alaska. The waters were incredibly warm. The salmon were unable to take the heat stress and countless salmon were found dead floating in many streams. Deaths have occurred in previous years, too, but the scale was rather unprecedented this year. A U.S. government agency, the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, announced that July 2019 was the hottest month ever recorded in Alaska. The temperature in Alaska rose to 81.7 °F (27.6 °C) while the previous high was 76 °F (24.4 °C). The salmon deaths were widely reported by U.S. TV channels. Rick Thoman, an Alaska climate expert working with Alaska University’s International Arctic Research Centre, made available to this writer an important document on Alaska’s changing environment. In an email to this writer, he said: “Temperatures in Alaska have been consistently warmer than at any time in the past century. The warming varies greatly across the State. The oceans around Alaska are now regularly warmer than at any time in the past 150 years, affecting everything from algae to fisheries and human health.” What will be the impact of this on the salmon? Hechtel says there are a number of ways weather can endanger salmon. High temperatures can prevent the salmon reaching spawning areas and result in their death. The salmon run, when salmon migrate upstream to spawn, is vital in the food chain of the grizzlies. Lack of salmon runs can impact bears who may not accumulate enough fat to see them through the winter. Serious studies are in order, he says.

Do deer eat grass? If not, what do deer eat? ANSWER: Deer do eat grass but it is not their preferred or nutritionally-necessary food. Deer eat mostly browse (leaves, twigs, shoots of woody plants and vines) and forbs (weeds and other broadleaf flowering plants). They do eat some grass, but only when it is young, green and succulent. The grasses which they prefer (a maximum of nine percent of their diet) are rescue grass, wintergrass, witchgrass, panic grasses, sedges, and rushes, as well as wild and cultivated rye, oats, and wheat. White-tailed deer prefer forbs when they are available. As forbs become unavailable, they shift their diet to browse. White-tailed deer cannot live on grass; in fact they could die with a belly full of grass because they are not physiologically suited to digest mature grasses. As forbs and browse are removed from the area (from excessive grazing/browsing pressure), exotics (Axis deer, Sika deer, etc.) can shift their diet to grass and white-tailed deer die from malnutrition. Most ornamental grasses are considered deer “resistant” when mature.