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Feature Film Commentary By: Directors, Producers, Cinematographers, Editors, or Writers Videos are for Educational Purpose, Gain insight about the production experience or intent of filmmakers during process. Videos will always be shown in Black and White. I understand some movies cinematography help make the movie with its use of accented color or its saturation to help draw focus of the viewer, I also understand the music can help an emotional moment, or even the dialogue of the characters can help you understand the plot or sell a performance. These videos are about the production process. I also think by viewing with desaturated colors it can hide bad (dated) optical effects or help sell CGI.

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We’ve discovered neurons in CLIP that respond to the same concept whether presented literally, symbolically, or conceptually. This may explain CLIP’s accuracy in classifying surprising visual renditions of concepts, and is also an important step toward understanding the associations and biases that CLIP and similar models learn. Fifteen years ago, Quiroga et al.1 discovered that the human brain possesses multimodal neurons. These neurons respond to clusters of abstract concepts centered around a common high-level theme, rather than any specific visual feature. The most famous of these was the “Halle Berry” neuron, a neuron featured in both Scientific American⁠(opens in a new window) and The New York Times⁠(opens in a new window), that responds to photographs, sketches, and the text “Halle Berry” (but not other names). Two months ago, OpenAI announced CLIP⁠, a general-purpose vision system that matches the performance of a ResNet-50,2 but outperforms existing vision systems on some of the most challenging datasets. Each of these challenge datasets, ObjectNet, ImageNet Rendition, and ImageNet Sketch, stress tests the model’s robustness to not recognizing not just simple distortions or changes in lighting or pose, but also to complete abstraction and reconstruction—sketches, cartoons, and even statues of the objects. Now, we’re releasing our discovery of the presence of multimodal neurons in CLIP. One such neuron, for example, is a “Spider-Man” neuron (bearing a remarkable resemblance to the “Halle Berry” neuron) that responds to an image of a spider, an image of the text “spider,” and the comic book character “Spider-Man” either in costume or illustrated. Our discovery of multimodal neurons in CLIP gives us a clue as to what may be a common mechanism of both synthetic and natural vision systems—abstraction. We discover that the highest layers of CLIP organize images as a loose semantic collection of ideas, providing a simple explanation for both the model’s versatility and the representation’s compactness.