tartaria | mud floods | orphan trains

In the middle of the roads, houses, and trees, what is that strange Lingam shaped structure? Is this is a secret government organization or an underground bunker? No. This is a historic structure known as the Adalaj Ni Vav. Almost perfectly aligned along the North – South axis, its design is totally unique. It does not have an entrance on the North side at all, and no entryways in the center of the structure as well. But on this side, it has 3 entrances with steps, in three directions, right to next to one another. Why was such a unique architecture built many centuries ago? What are these three octagonal structures on top? In a place called Adalaj, there is a strange underground structure. Why was a 75 feet deep, five storied structure built 500 years ago? Who built it? The Adalaj Stepwell takes us through many twists and turns in its history. Built-in sandstone in the Solanki architectural style, the Adalaj Stepwell is five stories deep. It is octagonal in a plan at the top, built on an intricately carved large number of pillars. Each floor is spacious enough to provide for people to congregate. It was dug deep to access groundwater at that level, accounting for seasonal fluctuations in water level due to rainfall over the years. The air and light vents in the roofs at various floors and the landing level are in the form of large openings. From the first story level, three staircases lead to the bottom water level of the well, which is considered a unique feature. Built along a north-south axis, the entrance is from the south, and the three staircases are from the south, west, and east directions leading to the landing, which is on the northern side of the well. Four small rooms with oriel windows decorated with minutely carved brackets are provided at the landing level, at the four corners. The structural system is typically Indian with traditional trabeate with horizontal beams and lintels. At the bottom of the well is a square stepped floor in the shape of a funnel extending to the lowest plane. This is chiseled into a circular well. Above the square floor, columns, beams, walls, and arched openings spiral around, a feature that continues to the top. However, the top part of the well is a vertical space open to the sky. The four corners of the square are strengthened with stone beams, set at 45 degrees angle. SOURCE Praveen Mohan

The Crystal Palace was the largest glass building ever constructed upon completion, but furthermore, after the six month long World’s Fair in London, the Crystal Palace was supposedly moved, piece by piece, and rebuilt in Sydenham from 1852 through 1854. The true nature of the original Crystal Palace is still up for debate, as only a handful of photographs survive of the structure. We will look through these images today, attributed mostly to Philip Henry Delemotte, who was commissioned to photograph the process. Let’s see what we can deduce from these images. THE NARRATIVE The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and plate glass structure, originally built in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The exhibition took place from 1 May to 15 October 1851, and more than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in its 990,000-square-foot exhibition space to display examples of technology developed in the Industrial Revolution. Designed by Sir Joseph Paxton, the Great Exhibition building was 1,851 feet long, with an interior height of 128 feet, and was three times the size of St Paul's Cathedral. The 60,000 panes of glass were manufactured by the Chance Brothers. The 990,000-square-foot building with its 128-foot-high ceiling was completed in thirty-nine weeks [9.5 months]. The Crystal Palace boasted the greatest area of glass ever seen in a building. It astonished visitors with its clear walls and ceilings that did not require interior lights. After the exhibition, the Palace was relocated to an open area of South London known as Penge Place. It was rebuilt at the top of Penge Peak next to Sydenham Hill, an affluent suburb of large villas. It stood there from June 1854 until its destruction by fire in November 1936. The nearby residential area was renamed Crystal Palace after the landmark. Constructed: 1851 in approximately 9.5 months Relocated: 1854, disassembled and moved to South London, reassembled Destroyed: November, 1936. Fire. Burnt all the steel and glass to the ground. SOURCE Jarid Boosters

► Synopsis: This series brings to light media and files that have never before been accessible to the public, offering a fresh perspective on ancient civilizations and forgotten narratives. From rare photographs and videos to expert analysis and compelling theories, "Russian Chronicles" challenges conventional history and invites viewers to question what they know about our world's past. FROM 'THE WEB' During the California Gold Rush in the mid-19th century, San Francisco experienced a massive influx of people and rapid urban development. This led to a unique phenomenon where houses were transported from Europe to San Francisco by ship. In the 1850s, the demand for housing in San Francisco skyrocketed due to the sudden population boom. To meet this demand, pre-fabricated houses were shipped from Europe, particularly from places like England. These houses were often made of wood and stone and were designed to be easily assembled upon arrival. The houses were transported as cargo on wooden clipper ships, which were known for their speed and efficiency. Once they arrived in San Francisco, the houses were quickly reassembled to provide immediate shelter for the new residents. This method of transporting and assembling houses helped to rapidly expand the city's infrastructure during a time of intense growth. It's fascinating to think about how these pre-fabricated houses played a role in shaping the early architecture and development of San Francisco. If you have any more questions or need further details, feel free to ask! THE GOLDEN ERA, 1848-1853 "At the height of the Gold Rush, in February 1852, the U.S. Coast Survey published a map of every house, warehouse, wharf, street, fence, windmill, sandhill, mudflat, creek and line of vegetation in San Francisco and its environs (see map, below). The astonishing degree of development above Market Street, around Yerba Buena Cove, is an enormous contrast to the nearly deserted marshlands near the Mission." by Nancy J. Olmsted foundsf.org/index.php?title=The_Golden_Era,_1848-1853 SOURCE Streets of Tartaria

Today, we go to multiple sets of so called caves, located all over India. We are told that these caves were found in the 1800's. Yet they know all about their history. We are told that they accidentally found them while Tiger Hunting, yet they are attempting to block them from the public today. Are we sure that these are carved into the rock? Or have we located massive palaces that hold the same Old World technology inside their doors...hundreds of miles apart...all found in the same years..."accidentally". Welcome to Episode 73. SOURCE My Lunch Break Fergusson 'discovers' The Cave Temples of India (the msm narrative) James Fergusson (1808-1886) was a Scottish architectural historian who made significant contributions to the study of Indian architecture, particularly cave temples. He is best known for his work on documenting and analyzing the cave temples of India, which are rock-cut structures used for religious purposes, primarily by Buddhists, Hindus, and Jains. Fergusson's interest in Indian architecture led him to travel extensively across India, where he meticulously studied and recorded various architectural sites. His most notable work, "The Cave Temples of India," was published in collaboration with archaeologist James Burgess in 1880. This comprehensive study provided detailed descriptions, drawings, and analyses of numerous cave temples, highlighting their historical and architectural significance. SOURCE The cave temples of India: Fergusson, James, 1808-1886 archive.org https://archive.org/details/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft THE BHAJA CAVES The Bhaja Caves, also known as Bhaje Caves, are a group of 22 rock-cut caves located in the Pune district of Maharashtra, India. These caves date back to the 2nd century BCE and are among the oldest Buddhist caves in India. They were built during the Satavahana period and were used by Buddhist monks for meditation and worship. CHAITYA HALL The most significant attraction in the Bhaja Caves is the Chaitya Hall, a large hall with a stupa at one end and wooden ribs on the roof. The ribs are considered to be the oldest surviving wooden architecture in the world. SCULPTURES The caves have several sculptures of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, and other deities, depicting various scenes from the life of Buddha. These sculptures are highly detailed and showcase the skill and artistry of the artisans of that era. WATER CISTERNS The caves also have several water cisterns that were used to collect rainwater. These cisterns are a testament to the advanced water harvesting techniques used in ancient India. ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCE The Bhaja Caves are significant not only for their religious and historical importance but also for their influence on the development of rock-cut architecture in India. The intricate carvings and sculptures on the walls of the caves provide insight into the lifestyle of Buddhist monks and their practices. SOURCES Bhaja Caves https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaja_Caves A Gateway to the Ancient Buddhist Era https://architecturejourneys.com/bhaja-caves-a-gateway-to-the-ancient-buddhist-era/

It amazes me the stories that are put there, intended for us to believe and unfortunately, most people don't think through these explanations. They want us to believe that a little town, in the northern mountains of Arkansas, in the 1890's raised their streets. At a time when they were using horses and buggies. No power tools. And they also want us to believe that these tunnels, underneath other tunnels under the streets were created from fast flowing water. What a work of art! • • • According to local history, two major streets in downtown Eureka Springs underwent considerable re-engineering in the year 1890. Main Street was the first official "street" in town, built in a low level gulch, alongside a small spring-fed creek. It suffered from frequent runoff problems and quickly earned the nickname "Mud" Street, hence the need for improvements. The second street in town requiring attention was Spring Street, as it was also becoming a main thoroughfare for carriage traffic. Today, it serves as the primary route for much of Eureka's Historic Loop. These significant road improvements reportedly raised the overall level of the two streets and required that a number of businesses along Spring Street and Main Street create new entrances on the second floor, thereby making basements out of the once street-level facades. These original entrance levels were walled off and now lie hidden within a string of disconnected subterranean limestone tunnels. Over the years these mysterious and somewhat dangerous passageways have become known as "Underground Eureka". SOURCE 40/29 News Underground Eureka Springs https://undergroundeureka.com/

An exploration into the Old-World structures in the city of Nashville in Tennessee. Nashville is referred to as the Athens of the South supposedly for the plethora of educational facilities. The origin of this name may have a different meaning with the presence of some clear Old-World and questionable structures with even more questionable accounts from our friends who document these aspects so well! VIDEO SOURCE Lucius Aurelian Nashville, Tennessee, is often referred to as the "Athens of the South" due to its dedication to higher education. The city earned this nickname in the 1850s and it was perpetuated in a few other ways, such as the building of the Greek-Revival-styled State Capitol and the Tennessee Centennial Exposition, including about Nashville's iconic Parthenon building. The Parthenon in Nashville is a full-scale 'claimed' replica of the original Parthenon in Athens, Greece. It was designed by architect William Crawford Smith and built in 1897 as part of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition. [construction photos?] This event celebrated the 100th anniversary of Tennessee’s entry into the union. The Parthenon was unique in that it was the only building in the Exposition that was an exact 'replica' of its original. THE NARRATIVE: The first version of the Parthenon replica was not built to last long after the Exposition, but it quickly gained popularity among residents and tourists alike. As a result, it was rebuilt in 1920 in order to serve as a lasting monument to classical architecture. Today, it remains the only full-scale replica of the Parthenon in the world. In addition to drawing admiration for its architecture, today the Parthenon also functions as a thriving art museum. Visitors can enjoy the museum’s core collection of 63 different 19th and 20th century American paintings, as well as a rotating assortment of temporary exhibits. The most significant feature of the Nashville Parthenon is its exact replica of the Athena statue that once served as the centerpiece of the ancient Greek original. Like her predecessor, the Nashville Athena is 42 feet (or, to be precise, 41 feet and 10 inches) tall; this makes her the Western Hemisphere’s tallest indoor statue. So, Nashville's homage to classical Greek architecture through the Parthenon contribute to its nickname as the "Athens of the South". NARRATIVE SOURCE So, Why is the Parthenon in Nashville? https://nashvillego.com/activities/guides/why-is-the-parthenon-in-nashville

Below is the narrative fed to us through our history. Tread lightly through the script, as the pictures tell a different story. The formation of insane asylums in North America during the 1800s was a significant development in the 'treatment' of dissenters and non-believers. It appears that they were possibly also 'Reset Prisons' where dissenters were captured, placed, separated from family and worked to death. History tends to denote them as 'asylums' for the masses of people who allegedly went insane (for some reason) after they immigrated here and had families. Reset Prisons were more rehabilitative than harshly punitive, so the story goes. Abductees were prohibited from talking at all times, confined in separate cells at night, and then labored together during the day in workshops modeled on the industrial factory! EARLY ASYLUMS: Some asylums were established long before the 1800s, but they became far more widespread and popular during this time period. Traditionally, people suffering from mental illness were primarily treated at home by their families. However, in many cases, families were incapable of providing adequate care, and oftentimes mentally ill people would become destitute and homeless. Asylums were developed with the intention of offering support and safety to people in these circumstances. PHILANTHROPIC DREAMS: Asylums started out as philanthropic dreams, rather than psychiatric nightmares. The concept was born in the mid-1800s, when socially minded citizens, dismayed by the often dismal lot of the mentally unstable, paid for dozens of institutions to be constructed for their care. By 1880, 139 had been built in the US. TREATMENT METHODS: Early asylums are known for their use of harsh treatment methods and terrible living conditions. However, for a time, asylums focused on treating patients with kindness and respect, in the hope that the parts of their minds that remained rational would respond and their conditions would improve. These efforts, while admirable, ultimately fell apart at the close of the century as asylums throughout Europe and America became overwhelmed. FIRST ASYLUMS: The first asylum influenced by the York Retreat was the Friends Asylum near Frankford, Pennsylvania, established in 1817. The Hartford Retreat in Connecticut appeared the same year, while the McLean Asylum for the Insane was established in Boston the following year. NEW YORK HOSPITAL: The New York Hospital opened a ward for "curable" insane patients. In 1808, a free-standing medical facility was built nearby for the humane treatment of the mentally ill, and in 1821 a larger facility called the Bloomingdale Asylum was built in what is now the Upper West Side. This period marked a significant shift in societal attitudes towards mental health, with a move towards institutional care and treatment. However, the conditions and treatment methods in these asylums were often far from ideal, and they have been the subject of much criticism and reform in the years since. SOURCE Old Scary World

The Chattanooga Underground in Tennessee is a fascinating part of the city's history. It's essentially a below-ground area underground that no one can conclusively identify when it was built or who built it much less why it's there. In the 1970s, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga professor Jeff Brown started discovering what would later be known as "Underground Chattanooga". He noticed buildings that had doorways leading to nowhere and storefronts located at basement level that appeared to have been first floors previously. The theory is that between 1875 and 1905, the city built up its roads and turned the first floor stories of buildings into basements to escape flooding, disease, and yellow fever. After the flood of 1867, the city continued to experience bouts of flooding and so citizens turned first floors of buildings into basements to prevent further flood damage. The only concrete evidence of this happening are newspaper articles that were released showing city leaders’ plans to raise the street levels by 3 to 15 feet. [mudflood?] According to those same newspaper articles, 40 blocks of downtown Chattanooga were raised, and this prompted the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933, which resulted in the Chickamauga Dam being built. It helped regulate water levels to prevent the downtown area from flooding. The Lovemans building downtown is said to be the “ground zero” of underground Chattanooga. The 130-year-old building is made from cinder block, bricks, and limestone, with outer walls that have the same mysterious doorways and windows that Jeff Brown discovered. Despite the intriguing clues and theories, there is very little documentation available and the exact method and materials used to raise the city are still disputed. This makes the Chattanooga Underground a captivating mystery of urban archaeology. Explore the history of Chattanooga as Jamal Williams and Kay Blevins go beneath the streets of downtown to find Underground Chattanooga in this three part series. The Narrative Underground Chattanooga https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_Chattanooga VIDEO SOURCE WDEF News 12

An exploration of the incredible Old-World city of New Orleans. This beautiful city features unique sites and buildings reflecting an astounding account of development, beauty and culture. What mysteries of the Old-World can be found in this city that stands as the Last Old-World City? SOURCE Lucius Aurelian NEW ORLEANS UNIQUE ARCHITECTURE New Orleans has many styles of architecture and some are only found in Louisiana. The usual suspects would be Classical, Gothic, Byzantine, Romanesque, Vernacular, Victorian, Neoclassical, Art Deco, Spanish Colonial, Georgian, Italianate, Greek Revival, Beaux-Arts, American Craftsman, Gothic Revival, Colonial Revival, Queen Anne and Federal. Of geographic interest specific to New Orleans would be Creole, Creole Cottages and Bungalows, American Townhouses and the iconic Shotgun Houses. CREOLE COTTAGES: These are scattered throughout the city, with most being built between 1790 and 1860. They are 1½-story, set at ground level, with a steeply pitched roof, a symmetrical four-opening façade wall, and a wood or stucco exterior. They are often called Bungalows in the area. AMERICAN TOWNHOUSES: Many buildings in this style were built around 1820's to 1860's and can be found in the Central Business District and Lower Garden District. They are narrow, three-story structures made of stucco or brick. CREOLE TOWNHOMES: These were built after the Great New Orleans Fire (1788), until the mid-19th century based on an influx of creoles from not only Louisiana but the Caribbean Islands. They have courtyards, thick walls, arcades, and cast-iron balconies. The exterior is made of brick or stucco. SHOTGUN HOUSES: This is a narrow domestic house with doors at each end. This style of architecture developed in New Orleans and was the city's predominant house type. The earliest extant New Orleans shotgun house was built in 1848 and gets it's name based on the fact that you could shoot a shotgun through the front door and it would exit the back door. THE GREAT FIRES RAGED THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES All major cities in America had a Great Fire and they all had them during the same periods of history. The Great Fire of New Orleans is said to have occurred in 1788, was a devastating event, destroyed a significant portion of the city and left most in ruins. Herein lies the narrative for another Fire Story_ 1. The fire started on March 21, 1788, on Good Friday. 2. It began at the home of Don Vincente Jose Nuñez, the Treasurer and Paymaster of the Spanish Army. The fire was fueled by a strong wind from the southeast and spread rapidly through the city, consuming almost the entire city within five hours. 3. The fire destroyed 856 of the 1,100 structures in New Orleans, spanning the south central Vieux Carré from Burgundy to Chartres Street, almost to the Mississippi River front buildings. Major buildings including the church, municipal building, army barracks, armory, and jail were destroyed. 4. Because the fire started on Good Friday, priests refused to allow church bells to be rung as a fire alarm?. It spared the riverfront buildings including the Customs House, the tobacco warehouses, the Governor's Building, the Royal Hospital, and the Ursuline Convent. 5. After the fire, colonial officials replaced the wooden buildings with masonry structures which had courtyards, thick brick walls, arcades, and wrought iron balconies. Among the new buildings were the central New Orleans (now Jackson Square) fixtures of St. Louis Cathedral and the Cabildo. 6. The funds and supervision for the Cathedral and the Cabildo were provided by Don Andres Almonaster y Rojas. WHAT IS CREOLE? Of note is the term "Creole" has been used to describe various ethnic groups around the world, and its meaning exhibits regional variations. In Louisiana in particular, Creole is a term for French and European mixed races. Creoles are commonly lighter-skinned than other black folks. It's important to note that the term "Creole" can have different meanings in different regions and contexts. In some places, it refers to local-born people of pure European descent, while in others, it can refer to people of mixed heritage or even to local languages and cuisines. The term Creole was first used in the 16th century to identify descendants of French, Spanish, or Portuguese settlers living in the West Indies and Latin America. The term "Creole" derives from the Portuguese word "crioulo", which means a slave born in the master's household. In Louisiana, it identifies French-speaking populations of French or Spanish descent. Their ancestors were upper-class whites, many of whom were plantation owners or officials during the French and Spanish colonial periods. Many Creoles are descendants of French colonials who fled Saint-Domingue (Haiti) for North America's Gulf Coast when a slave insurrection (1791) challenged French authority. HAUNTINGS AT HOTELS AND CONVENTS You can't leave out the haunted-ness when you're dealing with a city that's gone through hundreds of years of culture and building, wars, the civil war, influxes of immigrants along with foreigners who ran the slave trades and locals from other parts of the state coming in to work. New Orleans is no exception and probably a noticeable recollection of an Old World city. 1. THE HOTEL MONTELEONE: This hotel, located in the French Quarter, has been home to everyone from royalty to movie stars since it opened in 1886. It is reportedly haunted by numerous ghosts, including the spirits of the original owner, a Jazz singer, and a young boy named Maurice. 2. LE PAVILLON HOTEL: Opened in 1907 near Bourbon Street, this hotel is known for its ghost encounters. Guests have reported seeing ghostly figures standing at the foot of their bed and hearing strange noises, which seems par for the course. 3. BOURBON ORLEAN HOTEL: The Bourbon is considered one of the most haunted hotels in New Orleans. It's said to be home to several spirits, including that of a Confederate soldier and a ghostly dancer. 4. THE CASKET GIRLS @ THE OLD URSULINE CONVENT: Legend has it that a ship carrying young women intended for marriage arrived at the Port of New Orleans one evening. After months aboard the ship, the women became increasingly sick or arrived sickly. When they arrived at the port, rumors started that they were vampires. 5. VOODOO AND WITCHCRAFT: Voodoo has always been a part of the culture of New Orleans. Even though it may not be as well-known as Witchcraft, there are plenty of real-world witches residing in New Orleans, even today. HAUNTED MANSIONS IN THE FRENCH QUARTER LALAURIE MANSION: Located at 1140 Royal Street, this infamous and notorious mansion was once the home of socialite Madame Delphine LaLaurie, known for her cruelty towards her slaves in the early 19th century. The mansion is a historic building with a dark and storied past. For starters, it was once the home of Madame Delphine LaLaurie, a wealthy New Orleans socialite known for her inhumanity towards her slaves in the early 19th century. In 1832, Madame Lalaurie moved into this neoclassical mansion with her third husband, Dr. Leonard Louis Nicolas Lalaurie, a frenchman. Despite hosting many lavish parties, information surfaced about her gross mistreatment of enslaved people when a basement door was opened. The extent of Delphine LaLaurie’s cruelty remained just a rumor until April 1834, when a sudden fire in the house broke out. Firefighters discovered a group of imprisoned slaves in the attic above the kitchen. Many had been gruesomely tortured, with their bones broken, their eyes gouged out, and more unspeakable crimes. After the fire, neighbors ransacked the mansion and destroyed what was left of the burned mansion. The Lalauries fled to Lake Pontchartrain and ultimately relocated to Paris. Today, many tourists visit the Lalaurie Mansion because it is supposedly haunted and it should be. FREE MEDICAL CARE IN THE CRESCENT CITY The first hospital built in New Orleans was the Charity Hospital, which opened its doors on May 10, 1736. It was founded on the goodwill of a dying French merchant named Jean Louis, who was a French seaman and boat builder in New Orleans. Jean Louis bequeathed his holdings for the founding and maintenance of Charity Hospital, which was intended to serve the indigent sick of the colony of New Orleans. The hospital was run by the Daughters of Charity and served the city of New Orleans for close to 300 years. Over the years, the hospital had to be rebuilt several times due to fires and other events. The fifth building, constructed in 1832, was replaced in 1933 with funding from the Public Works Administration under FDR. The hospital was one of the oldest continuously operated public hospitals in the United States and set the standard for free medical care starting in Louisiana.