The Noted Anatomist

This brief video tutorial briefly discusses voltage-gated sodium channels: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:14. Structure (activation gate and inactivation gate) 1:09. Three conformational states: - 1:24. 1. Closed - 2:30. 2. Open - 3:54. 3. Inactive (refractory period) 6:51. Where are voltage-gated sodium channels found? 7:24. In-a-Nutshell 7:30​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial briefly discusses resting membrane potential: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:53. What is a resting membrane potential? 1:33. How is a RMP measured? 4:12. How do we get a RMP at cell membranes? 9:04. How is the RMP calculated? 11:32. How is the RMP maintained? 12:50. In-a-Nutshell 13:25​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial briefly discusses body fluid compartments: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:33. Water contributes to 60% of our body mass 0:44. Water is found in intracellular compartments (2/3) and extracellular compartments (1/3) - 1:34. Extracellular compartment has 2 sub-compartments (interstitial fluid 3/4 and plasma 1/4) 3:09. Practice problem 4:12. In-a-Nutshell 4:18​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial briefly discusses cell membrane transport: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:15. Permeability of cell membrane 2:57. Diffusion - 3:08. Simple diffusion - 3:37. Facilitated diffusion (ion leak channels, voltage gated channels, ligand gated channels, carrier proteins) - 7:09. Rate: Simple diffusion vs. Facilitated diffusion - 9:08. Osmosis 10:28. Active transport - 10:43. Primary active transport (Sodium-Potassium pump) - 11:54. Secondary active transport (Symporters, Antiporters) 14:00. In-a-Nutshell 14:06​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial briefly discusses osmosis, osmotic pressure, oncotic pressure and tonicity: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:13. Osmosis 1:31. Osmotic pressure 2:03. Oncotic pressure 3:34. Tonicity - 3:47. Isotonic solution - 4:15. Hypotonic solution - 4:47. Hypertonic solution 5:11. In-a-Nutshell 5:17​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the digestive system (GI tract): 0:00​​. Introduction 0:18. Digestive organs - 0:24. Oral cavity. Teeth, salivary glands - 2:18. Esophagus - 3:50. Layers of the GI tract. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, peristalsis - 9:05. Stomach - 11:49. Small intestines. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum - 17:33. Large intestines. Features (taeniae coli, haustra, epiploic appendages), Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus 21:44. Accessory digestive organs - 21:48. Liver. Functions, lobes, portal triad, bare area - 25:50. Gallbladder. Location and function - 26:40. Pancreas. Exocrine function (pancreatic enzymes) and Endocrine function (insulin and glucagon) - 30:43. Spleen. Location and Function 31:18. GI Vascular supply and Innervation - 31:21. Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut 32:14. Arterial supply. Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) - 34:33. Venous drainage. Hepatic portal system - 36:13. Innervation. Sympathetic and parasympathetic 39:20. In-a-Nutshell 41:04​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the nephron, renal corpuscle, renal tubules and JG apparatus: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:20. Nephron foundations - 0:24. Overview of nephron (parts) - 1:34. Key fluids. plasma, filtrate, tubular fluid, urine, extracellular fluid (ECF) - 2:21. Key physiological processes. filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion - 3:14. Two types of nephrons: Cortical nephrons and Juxtaglomerular nephrons 6:00. Renal corpuscle - 6:03. Glomerular (fenestrations) and mesangial cells - 8:12. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) - 9:01. Bowman's capsule and Bowman's space - 9:29. Podocytes and filtration slits - 11:43. Glomerular filtration apparatus - 13:28. Vascular pole and urinary pole 13:50. Renal tubules - 15:38. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - 18:30. Loop of Henle - 22:09. Countercurrent multiplier and Countercurrent exchanger (overview) - 25:57. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) - 28:05. Collecting ducts (CD) - 29:27. Without ADH - 30:28. With ADH - 31:40. With Aldosterone and ADH 32:54. Juxtaglomerular apparatus - 33:21. Juxtaglomerular cells - 34:15. Macula densa cells - 35:24. Mesangial cells 35:38. In-a-Nutshell 26:59​​. Acknowledgements

This video tutorial discusses an Introduction to Histology (study of tissues): 0:00​. Intro 0:35. Hierarchical organization of living matter 1:56​. H&E stains 3:00​. Epithelium overview (characteristics and classifying scheme) - 9:12. Simple squamous epithelium - 11:05. Simple cuboidal epithelium - 12:20. Simple columnar epithelium - 13:36. Stratified squamous epithelium - 15:51. Urinary epithelium (transitional epithelium) - 16:45. Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium) 18:55. Connective tissue overview (characteristics and classifying scheme) - 21.14. Connective tissue proper (loose CT, dense irregular CT, dense regular CT, adipose tissue) - 24:50. Cartilage (hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage) - 26:04. Bone (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, calcium ...) - 27:34. Blood (RBC, WBC, platelet, plasma) 28:54. Muscle tissue (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle) 32:54. Nervous tissue (neurons and glial cells) 36:58​. In-a-Nutshell 37:07​. Acknowledgements For a more detailed study of histology go to The Histology Wizard: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAeLLruy9RkUWaW_rl5Gnkg

This brief video tutorial discusses the anatomy of the thoracic and abdominal wall: 0:00​​. Introduction 0.18. Thoracic skeleton (ribs, costal cartilage, sternum) 4:56. Muscles of the trunk wall (intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles ... external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis) 12:15. Fascial layers of the abdominal wall 13:25. Arcuate line 15:01. Intercostal V.A.N. introduction 16:52. Intercostal veins 18:11. Intercostal arteries 19:16. Intercostal nerves 22.09. Umbilical folds 25:26. In-a-Nutshell 25:33​​. Acknowledgements.

Live streaming lectures on the CV system by Dr. Morton: - Thu April 14 5pm MST - Topic: Wiggers diagram and PV loops). - To register click the following link: https://www.lighthall.co/class/0f0a544e-1c79-4775-be03-c7f0f7ce0ea9

Live lectures for 4 weeks on the CV system by Dr. Morton. To register go to the following link: https://www.lighthall.co/class/0f0a544e-1c79-4775-be03-c7f0f7ce0ea9

This brief video tutorial discusses the anatomy of the kidney: 0:00​​. Introduction 0.14. Ureter - 4:25. Kidney stones (referred pain) 6:33. Bladder and Internal urethral sphincter 12:52. Urethra 15:50. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) 16:30. In-a-Nutshell 16:37​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the vascular supply of the kidney: 0:00​​. Introduction 0.23. Arterial supply - 0:26. Renal artery - 1:06. Segmental, Interlobar, Arcuate, Interlobular, AGA 3:03. Nephron portal system - 3:05. Afferent glomerular arteriole (AGA) - 3:25. Glomerulus (capillary #1) - 4:18. Efferent glomerular arteriole (EGA) - 4:37. Peritubular capillary/vasa recta (capillary #2) 6:57. Venous drainage - 6:58. Interlobular, Arcuate, Interlobar vv. - 7:16. Renal vein 8:04. In-a-Nutshell 8:47​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the anatomy of the kidney: 0:00​​. Introduction 0.17. Functions 2:42. Topography 3:55. Renal cortex and renal medulla (pyramids) 7:53. Major and minor calyces, Renal pelvis and hilum 8:50. Sympathetic innervation 11:20. In-a-Nutshell 11:27​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the bones of the hand: 0:00​​. Intro to the bones of the hand 0.28. Carpals - 0:46. Carpal tunnel; carpal tunnel syndrome - 2:26. Mnemonic for remembering carpal bones - 2:53. Scaphoid bone and scaphoid fracture - 4:01. Lunate - 4:11. Triquetrum - 4:24. Pisiform - 4:41. Trapezium - 4:55. Trapezoid - 5:03. Capitate - 5:11. Hamate 5:27. Metacarpals 6:00. Phalanges 6:37. Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) 6:05. Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) and distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) 7:31. Practice and In-a-Nutshell 9:34​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the radius and ulna: 0:00​​. Intro to the radius and ulna 0.47. Radius - 1:14. Head of radius - 2:18. Neck of radius - 2:25. Radial tuberosity - 2:45. Styloid process of radius - 2:56. Interosseous crest and interosseous membrane 3:56. Ulna - 4:09. Olecranon process - 4:35. Coronoid process - 4:48. Trochlear notch - 5:42. Head of ulna - 6:12. Styloid process of ulna 6:37. Practice and In-a-Nutshell 8:08​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the humerus: 0:00​​. Intro to the humerus 0.58. Head of the humerus 1:30. Anatomical neck 1:42. Surgical neck 2:26 Greater tubercle 3:25. Lesser tubercle 3:58. Intertubercular (bicipital) groove 5:00. Deltoid tuberosity 5:26. Trochlea 5:48. Capitulum 6:30. Medial epicondyle and Lateral epicondyle - 7:40. Funny bone and ulnar nerve 8:56. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa 9:54. Practice and In-a-Nutshell 11:01​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the scapula: 0:00​​. Intro to the scapula 0.30. Medial (vertebral) border 0:51. Lateral (axillary) borderr 1:02. Subscapular fossa 2:03 Acromion 3:24. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint 3:55. Spine of the scapula 4:37. Supraspinous fossa 4:57. Infraspinous fossa 5:36. Glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) 6:14. Supraglenoid tubercle 6:36. Infraglenoid tubercle 6:55. Coracoid process 7:37. Suprascapular notch 8:06. Practice and In-a-Nutshell 9:14​​. Acknowledgements

This brief video tutorial discusses the clavicle: 0:00​. Intro to the clavicle 0.30. Bony landmarks (conoid tubercle, acrominal end, sternal end) 1:04​. Clavicle attaches upper limb to the trunk (axial skeleton) 1:50​. Clavicle is "S" shaped and is a strut for the upper limb 2:36. Clavicular fracture 3:12​. In-a-Nutshell 3:26​. Acknowledgements

This video tutorial consists of a series of practice problems aimed at helping use directional terms in anatomy: 0:00​​​​​. Intro 0:23​​​. Practicing the terms using examples 4:42​​​​​. In-a-Nutshell 4:48​​​​​. Acknowledgements

This video tutorial discusses how the terms "Superficial" and "Deep" are used in anatomy: 0:00​​​​​. Intro 0:12​​. Defining superficial and deep 1:17​​​. Practicing the terms using examples 2:34​​​​​. In-a-Nutshell 2:40​​​​​. Acknowledgements

This video tutorial discusses how the terms "Proximal" and "Distal" are used in anatomy: 0:00​​​​​. Intro 0:12​​. Defining proximal and distal 0:21​​​. Practicing the terms using examples 2:07​​​​​. In-a-Nutshell 2:12​​​​​. Acknowledgements

This video tutorial discusses how the terms "Superior" and "Inferior" are used in anatomy: 0:00​​​​​. Intro 0:14​​. Defining superior and inferior 0:23​​​. Practicing the terms using examples 2:20​​​​​. In-a-Nutshell 2:26​​​​​. Acknowledgements

This video tutorial discusses how the terms "Medial" and "Lateral" are used in anatomy: 0:00​​​​​. Intro 0:12​​. Defining medial and lateral 0:21​​​. Practicing the terms using examples 1:33​​​​​. In-a-Nutshell 1:39​​​​​. Acknowledgements

This video tutorial discusses how the terms "Anterior" and "Posterior" are used in anatomy: 0:00​​​​. Intro 0:14​. Defining anterior and posterior 0:30​​. Practicing the terms using examples 2:10​​​​. In-a-Nutshell 2:14​​​​. Acknowledgements