Rediscovery Channel

In this video we look into some of the ancient customs and traditions around New Year's Eve, from the Chinese Celebration, to the ancient Romans and what it is now in many parts of Europe (Silvester). How do you celebrate New Year's Eve in your country?

Alboin was king of the Lombards from 560 to 572 AD. He defeated two enemy kings in battle, and led his people into Italy where they founded a kingdom. The Lombard Kingdom under Alboin is described as a golden age by Paul the Deacon, who wrote much about the Lombards. However, Alboin is better known for antagonizing his wife into killing him. His name means “Elf Friend” of which the Anglo Saxon equivalent is Aelfwine. Probably because of this, Alboin caught the attention of JRR Tolkien where he was going to be worked into the lore, and would appear in “The Lost Road,” which was unfortunately never finished. Sources: https://www.worldhistory.org/Lombards/ https://www.shorthistory.org/middle-ages/germanic-tribes/langobards-v-vii-century/ https://www.thoughtco.com/the-lombards-defintion-1789086 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alboin https://www.worldhistory.org/Alboin/ http://real.mtak.hu/37597/1/The_Lombards_move_to_into_Italy_Posan_La.pdf https://archive.org/details/cu31924027767593 -Paul the Deacon’s Account My speculative video about what happened in Tolkien’s universe after LOTR, in case anyone is interested: Bithcute : https://www.bitchute.com/video/GONO2HEd2JcI/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNHMKhtFTxU&t=19s

Project Babylon was a space gun project commissioned by then Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. It involved building a series of "superguns". The design was based on research from the 1960s Project HARP led by the Canadian artillery expert Gerald Bull. There were most likely four different devices in the program. The project began in 1988; it was halted in 1990 after Bull was assassinated, and parts of the superguns were seized in transit around Europe. The components that remained in Iraq were destroyed by the United Nations after the 1991 Persian Gulf War.

Mary Mallon (September 23, 1869 – November 11, 1938), also known as Typhoid Mary, was an Irish-born cook believed to have infected 53 people with typhoid fever, three of whom died, and the first person in the United States identified as an asymptomatic carrier of the disease pathogen, Salmonella typhi. Because she persisted in working as a cook, by which she exposed others to the disease, she was twice forcibly quarantined by authorities, eventually for the final two decades of her life.

Hyperborea, myths of an arctic civilization appears in the legends of multiple Indo-European cultures. Was it really a myth, and could such a civilization and culture have plausibly existed? The term “Hyperborea” is a Greek word, which means “beyond the north wind.” In this video we examine traditions and myths from Greek, Indian, and Persian culture. I will most likely revisit this topic again in the future, so if you know of any scientific studies, archaeological expeditions, or myths which I did not address please leave a comment. It should be noted that for the Vedic traditions I relied rather heavily on Balgangadhar Tilak. For the Rig Veda references I just listed them in the same format he listed them in the book (Arctic Home in the Vedas). I don’t actually know Sanskrit and have not read the Rig Veda. Therefore, if something is amiss, do let us know. Sources: “Arctic Home in the Vedas” -by Balgangadhar Tilak “The Histories” -by Herodotus “Edith Hamilton Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes” -by Edith Hamilton https://earth-chronicles.com/histori/mysterious-hyperborea.html https://www.hlavnydennik.sk/2020/02/06/hyperborea-pravlast-slovanov/ https://mythologysource.com/hyperborea-greek-legend/ https://anomalien.com/the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-of-hyperborea/ https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-hyperboreans-from-pythian-x/ - Pindar https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/arctic-zone/gallery_np_seasons.html -length of day at the north pole https://www.sunrisesunset.com/definitions.asp - types of sunrise https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/twilight-and-the-myths-of-the-equinox-and-6-month-polar-night/ar-AAOFwZe -length of true night https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/astronomical-twilight.html https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mount-Meru-mythology - Meru https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Vedas/ - the Vedas https://www.britannica.com/topic/soma-Hinduism - Soma Sacrifice https://www.quora.com/Why-don%E2%80%99t-Hindus-worship-Lord-Indra -Quora https://aminoapps.com/c/mythology/page/blog/vritra-the-evil-serpent-of-the-hindu-pantheon/0YQJ_Y0UkuJv8666Vnn1e7jxkeoXvlL36bs7 -Vritra http://guide.supereva.it/cultura_indiana/interventi/2007/01/284175.shtml Gerardus Mercator Map - https://arctic.rhewlif.xyz/ Giant Vegetables in Alaska - https://www.amusingplanet.com/2015/10/alaskas-giant-vegetables.html Coring study -- http://publications.iodp.org/preliminary_report/302/302PR.PDF

Napoleon’s invasion of Russia was a costly campaign which resulted in defeat, and the breaking of his power. Before the start of the conflict, Napoleon read every available book on Russia in an attempt to determine it’s strengths and weaknesses. He also studied the attempts of previous foreign monarchs to conquer this immense country. The campaign took place in 1812. Sources: https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/timelines/napoleons-russian-campaign-the-retreat/ https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jun24/napoleon-invades-russia/ http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/campaign_russia_1812.html https://www.history.com/topics/france/napoleon

Robert Guiscard started off as a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, went on to become count and then duke of Apulia and Calabria, duke of Sicily, and briefly prince of Benevento before returning the title to the papacy.

In this episode Stilgar tells a bit more about the book of Kells and the role saint Columba of Iona played in the creation of this wonderful piece of art. Apologies for the audio quality, I had to record in the sauna of my vacation home. The movie referenced that I highly recommend is the Secret of Kells: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0485601/ Hope you enjoy the episode and please like and subscribe!

Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire, and he is considered to be a proto-nationalist and advocate of Indian independence. His father was a general employed by one of the Islamic Deccan Sultanates, and at the age of 15 Shivaji began his own military career by taking possession of forts in his region. He won battles against numerically superior forces by utilizing irregular tactics, and eventually was able to recover territory from the Mughal Empire. The rise of the Maratha Empire was also the turning point of the Mughals, and from then on they would go into a continual decline. Today Shivaji is considered to be a hero of India, as it was mainly due to his efforts that the Islamic conquests were turned back, and statues of him can be found all over the country. There have also been shows, movies, and songs written about him. Sources: https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-history/shivaji.html https://www.liquisearch.com/deccan_sultanates/cultural_contributions/bijapur_sultanate https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/deccan-sultanate/ - Deccan Sultanates https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/history/chatrapati-shivaji.html https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Pratapgarh -Battle of Pratapgarh https://battlesofbharat.com/2020/08/battle-of-kolhapur-the-impossible-victory-of-shivaji-maharaj/

The Amazon Women: Is There Any Truth Behind the Myth? Strong and brave, the Amazons were a force to be reckoned with in Greek mythology—but did the fierce female warriors really exist? Amazons appear in Greek mythology, and in an endless variety of forms in popular entertainment. However, they did correspond to an actual historic people group, and a particular geographic region. Sources: “The Book of Marvels and Travels” by Sir John Mandeville “The Histories” by Herodotus (translated by GC Macauley) https://www.ancientpages.com/2016/01/13/5-myths-about-the-amazons-ancient-female-warriors/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/amazon-women-there-any-truth-behind-myth-180950188/ https://www.newyorker.com/books/joshua-rothman/real-amazons -a little cringy. 37% of the women were buried with weapons https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/amazon-warrior-women-background/1466/ https://www.ephesus.us/ephesus/amazons.htm https://brewminate.com/kurgans-ancient-burial-mounds-of-scythian-elites-in-the-eurasian-steppe/

Doggerland was an area of land, now submerged beneath the southern North Sea, that connected Great Britain to continental Europe. Geological surveys have suggested that it stretched from what is now the east coast of Great Britain to what are now the Netherlands, the western coast of Germany and the peninsula of Jutland. Rising sea levels gradually reduced it to low-lying islands before its final submergence. Doggerland was named after the Dogger Bank, which in turn was named after 17th-century Dutch fishing boats called doggers.

William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame li Mareschal, French: Guillaume le Maréchal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He served five English kings—Henry II, his sons the "Young King" Henry, Richard I, John, and John's son Henry III. Knighted in 1166, he spent his younger years as a knight errant and a successful tournament competitor; Stephen Langton eulogised him as the "best knight that ever lived." In 1189, he became the de facto Earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Isabel de Clare, though the title of Earl would not be officially granted until 1199 during the second creation of the Pembroke Earldom. In 1216, he was appointed protector for the nine-year-old Henry III, and regent of the kingdom.

How did the English take over India? Today it would be quite difficult; given the difference in size, manpower, and resources between the two countries. However, conditions were quite different in the past, and it did not happen all at once. By the time there was significant or widespread discontent it was too late to do anything about it. This topic is in response to a request. Sources: https://www.dailyhistory.org/Why_was_Britain_able_to_establish_an_Empire_in_India https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mughal-dynasty https://www.thoughtco.com/the-mughal-empire-in-india-195498 https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/maratha-empire-1674-1818/ -Maratha Empire & their defeat https://brewminate.com/the-maratha-empire-of-early-modern-india/ -Maratha – Anglo Maratha War https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-356 -Maratha https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aurangzeb -Aurangzeb https://www.dailyhistory.org/Why_was_Britain_able_to_establish_an_Empire_in_India http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/east_india_01.shtml https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/The-East-India-Company/ the actual EIC? - https://www.theeastindiacompany.com/ https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-India-Company https://leverageedu.com/blog/revolt-of-1857/ https://leverageedu.com/blog/battle-of-plassey/

The St Scholastica Day riot took place in Oxford, England, on 10 February 1355, Saint Scholastica's Day. The disturbance began when two students from the University of Oxford complained about the quality of wine served to them in the Swindlestock Tavern, which stood on Carfax, in the centre of the town. The students quarrelled with the taverner; the argument quickly escalated to blows. The inn's customers joined in on both sides, and the resulting melee turned into a riot. The violence started by the bar brawl continued over three days, with armed gangs coming in from the countryside to assist the townspeople. University halls and students' accommodation were raided and the inhabitants murdered; there were some reports of clerics being scalped. Around 30 townsfolk were killed, as were up to 63 members of the university.

The Crimean War (1853-1856) stemmed from Russia’s threat to multiple European interests with its pressure of Turkey. After demanding Russian evacuation of the Danubian Principalities, British and French forces laid siege to the city of Sevastopol in 1854. The campaign lasted for a full year, with the Battle of Balaclava and its “Charge of the Light Brigade” among its famous skirmishes. Facing mounting losses and increased resistance from Austria, Russia agreed to the terms of the 1856 Treaty of Paris. Remembered in part for Florence Nightingale’s work for the wounded, the Crimean War reshaped Europe’s power structure. Forced to accept defeat, Russia sought peace in January 1856. It had lost 500,000 troops, mostly to disease, malnutrition, and exposure; its economy was ruined, and its primitive industries were incapable of producing modern weapons. Alfred, Lord Tennyson "The Charge of the Light Brigade"Wax Cylinder recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zBfwYCILTk&t=0s

Mauritius is a country consisting of a group of islands to the east of Madagascar. Originally discovered by the Portuguese, the land has no original native population. This is also the home of the Dodo bird, which was wiped out by way of hunting and the introduction of predatory animals by human settlers. After having been the possession of multiple colonial powers, today Mauritius is an independent country. Sources: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-mauritius.html https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Bhojpuri https://a-z-animals.com/animals/dodo/ https://mauritiusattractions.com/mauritius-history-i-79.html https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13882731#:~:text=%20Mauritius%20profile%20-%20Timeline%20%201%20A,India.%20%204%20Chagos%20dispute.%20%20More%20

“Earth is the cradle of humanity, but one can not remain the cradle forever” Konstantin Tsiolkovsky said this in 1895. This episode I want to talk about the three founding fathers of modern rocketry. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky is the oldest, a Polish immigrant in Russia. Hermann Oberth is originally from Romania but from German speaking parents born in 1894 in Transylvania, what is now Romania but at the time part of the great Austro-Hungarian empire. Robert Hutchings Goddard was born in 1882 in Worcester Massachusetts. All three were heavily inspired by Science-Fiction writers like Jules Verne and H.G. Wells. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky started by calculating that using a giant cannon to fire a spacecraft to the moon, utilized in his novel "From the Earth to the Moon," would generate acceleration forces that would kill its passengers.But he and his fellow inventors came up with inventions like space suits, liquid-fueled multi-stage rockets, wind-tunnels and a G-force machine for Chickens???

The “Ice Man” (aka Otzi) is an ancient mummy which was found in the Otztal Alps. This body is from a pre-Roman culture, and because the body was so well preserved it was possible to see what he had eaten, and determine how he died. It was also possible to conduct a genetic analysis, which revealed that he is not an exact genetic match to any modern population. Otzi was found with stone implements and weapons, as well as one axe with a copper blade. He suffered from a number of ailments, was prematurely aged, and died in his 40’s. But in spite of that there is evidence that he managed to have children, and has a number of descendants which are still alive today. This video was a request from one of our viewers. We are taking requests at this time. Sources: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-iceman-lost-in-italian-alps-171387 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96tzi https://www.crystalinks.com/otzi.html https://ursulafrayne.libguides.com/year7/humanities/investigatingtheancientpast/otzitheiceman https://www.iceman.it/en/equipment/ - museum site https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4775254/ https://www.romeartlover.it/Augusta.html - Venostes tribe https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_K_mtDNA.shtml - K MDNA https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1701 - gene sequence https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6070208/ -G Chromosome associated with Corisica (map) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717998/ https://www.dnainthenews.com/human-history/otzi-iceman/ https://www.hudsonalpha.org/ancient-dna-reveals-genetic-relationship-between-todays-sardinians-and-neolithic-europeans/ - Autosomal DNA https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24477038 - modern descendants https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1701/figures/3 -took gene comparison image https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1701 Info about the movie: https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/iceman-film-review-aardman-early-man-rhaetic-language-a8463011.html Raeti - https://wiki2.org/en/Rhaetian_people Rhaetic Language - https://goodmaniac.blogspot.com/2013/06/ancient-italian-tribe-raetic-was-not.html Raeti (Roman sources) https://www.univie.ac.at/raetica/wiki/Ancient_sources

The HL Hunley was the first military submarine to successfully sink an enemy ship. The submarine was invented during the American Civil War by Confederate engineers who were looking for a way get around the Union blockade. It was launched in 1864, with George Dixon commanding. How brave these men of Hunley Their names, in glory sown More brave than all before them, As they, faced the unknown Yet all we have that`s left of them, Is button, small and round. If only she could speak to me With gentle rolling sound And talk she does, through history, A page, now out of time. Just a moment of adventure For young men, in their prime. They never knew just what they did, Or how they altered war, A feat, just so momentous Be spoke of, evermore. Their vessel now be in plain view, This Hunley they did sail. It cause the mind to wonder then, Just how, in ship so frail. Remember they who did this deed, This day in Caroline. The men who set the standard, For now, and for all time Sources: https://www.history.com/news/confederate-submarine-hunley-sinking-mystery-civil-war https://www.hunley.org/overview/ https://chstoday.6amcity.com/hl-hunley-charleston-sc/ https://civilwartalk.com/threads/horace-lawson-hunley.150787/

When American paratroopers in 1945 took possession of the town Berchtesgaden in south Bavaria they made a discovery in an abandoned salt-mine. They found Adolf Hitlers library which was taken from his nearby home in the Alps, the Berghof. In his possession were many books on topics like runes, Germanic pagan history and the Occult. One book had an exceptional amount of notes, it was a book from Ernst Schertel called Magic. This episode discusses the link between Nazi ideology and pagan, occult and esoteric theories like the Welt Eislehre, witches and the Thule Island.

Andrew Jackson was the 7th president of the United States. He was the founder of the Democrat party, and the first Democrat to become president. Before becoming president, he was a popular general who was famous for his victory at The Battle of New Orleans, which occurred during the war of 1812 (though technically the war was already over before the battle was fought). He survived duels, as well as an assassination attempt. Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/andrew-jackson/ https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson American Revolution - https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/american-revolution-1763-1783/ https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/war-of-1812 https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Horseshoe-Band https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-New-Orleans-United-States-United-Kingdom-1815 https://www.history.com/topics/first-ladies/rachel-jackson https://www.biography.com/us-president/andrew-jackson -get info of his presidency and anti-elitism from here https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/57837/quotable-andrew-jackson-12-old-hickorys-best-lines https://owlcation.com/humanities/3-Famous-Duels-Involving-Andrew-Jackson

Feeling safe behind the giant walls of Constantinople, Theodosius II refuses to pay Attila the Hun the gold he had previously promised. When a massive earthquake in the year 447 brings down large parts of defense perimeter, it turns into a race against time between Attila the Hun rushing towards Constantinople and two groups of.... Chariot Racing Fans, who compete for the honor of their team to finish their part of the wall first.

The Raid on the Medway in 1667 was a daring Dutch expedition that delivered a decisive blow to England and concluded the second Anglo-Dutch war in the Dutch Republic's favor. It was one of the biggest defeats of the English Navy costing over 6 billion in today's money and the most successful invasion since the battle of Hastings. It tells an important story about preparedness, cunning and military production capacity.

Saint Anthony the Great is considered to be the father of Christian monasticism. He belonged to the Coptic Orthodox Church, which is the ancient and original church of Egypt. He lived from 251 to 356 AD, and spent most of his life in the desert living in poverty. He witnessed the split of the Roman Empire, and debated with Greek Philosophers and Arian heretics. The primary source for this discussion is "The Life of St. Anthony the Great," by Athanasius the Great.

The Knights Hospitaller/ knights of saint John or Knights of Malta were up against the Ottomans they faced an immense army of over 40,000 men and at least an equal number of slaves. The Ottomans first attempted to take Malta in 1551 but failed. In 1565, Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Sultan, made a second attempt to take Malta. The Knights, who numbered around 500 together with approximately 6,000 footsoldiers, withstood the siege and repelled the invaders. This victory became one of the most celebrated events of sixteenth-century Europe, to the point that Voltaire said: "Nothing is better known than the siege of Malta." It undoubtedly contributed to the eventual erosion of the European perception of Ottoman invincibility, although the Mediterranean continued to be contested between Christian coalitions and the Muslim Turks for many years.