Seeker Land

Spherical Amphibious Robotic Vehicle Systems - GuardBot can traverse all types of terrain! Swimming in water is no problem! Heavy snowstorms pose no difficulty! Sand? Ready for action! GuardBot Inc. is a cutting edge engineering company focusing on the design and development of amphibious, spherical robotic vehicle reconnaissance systems. Guardbot was initially conceived for a planetary mission on Mars, and can operate in many demanding situations, as it can travel on paved road, off-road, sand, snow, sloped surfaces, and in water, where it can navigate upstream. Guardbot is designed for mission operations in broadcasting, surveillance, security, and detection. Guardbot moves using a patented drive-mechanism. The drive is produced by a motorized pendulum that propels the unit by changing its center of gravity. This design allows it to easily provide forward and backward motion as well as make 360-degree turns. Its advanced battery powered pendulum motion drive system can operate continuously for up to 25 hours on one charge and reach speeds of up to 9 mph on land and 3 mph in water. The custom battery itself can last 45 hours while stationary. The unique Guardbot robotic vehicle system can integrate advanced radio communication for command, control, and transmission via a variety of sensors including cameras, GPS, and audio. Guardbot’s robotic systems technology is scalable from 5 inches (14 cm) in diameter up to 7 feet (2.5m). Guardbot technology is protected by multiple patents. GuardBot has been featured on FOX News Phoenix, FOX News National, CNN, CBS Phoenix News, Robotics Business Review, Defense One, International Business Times, Canal+, Reuters, Monch Magazines, and Reddit. Music: Shifty Notions by Dhruva Aliman Amazon - https://amzn.to/3eyYxeD https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/king-neptunes-travelling-merchants-and-their-adventures-in-and-beyond-the-sea http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

The yellow-headed blackbirds were migrating south when they suddenly and simultaneously died above the northern city of Chihuahua. A security camera captured the moment when scores of birds suddenly fell from the sky and died in northern Mexico. The video showed a flock of yellow-headed blackbirds hitting the pavement en masse in Chihuahua, about 230 miles south of El Paso, Texas. Local media reported that the incident happened last week. While many of the birds that were headed south from Canada — where they had spent the winter — recovered from the fall and flew away, dozens of them were dead and did not move. Music: The Takeover by Dhruva AlimanAmazon - https://amzn.to/2B9tGa7https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/road-of-fortuneshttp://www.dhruvaaliman.com/Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet #strange #mystery #surreal

10 amazing innovations making the world a better place. 1. This bin collects garbage from the sea. Seabin has a pump that creates a flow of water. The garbage is caught in a bag, allowing water to flow out back to sea. 2. This machine crushes beer bottles into usable sand. 200 grams of powder form each bottle is recycled to preserve beaches. 3. SaltWater Brewery created edible packaging to save sea life. The six-pack rings are made of barley and wheat. Sea life can eat the rings safely. 4. AIR-INK can turn air pollution into ink. it collects carbon soot from a car's exhaust. Then it is processed into a high-quality black ink. 5. These edible water blobs are biodegradable. The capsule is made from a seaweed extract. A greener solution to creating waste-free packaging. 6. This "Ocean Cleanup" machine has a giant floating pipe to capture plastic. The pipe moves with the waves and has floating anchors. The plastic is a; gathered in the center for a boat to remove. 7. Avani's biodegradable bags are saving sea life and reducing ocean pollution. They are made from cassava root and natural starches. Making them harmless for animal consumption. 8. This machine recycles tires. They are turned into rubber crumb for artificial grass. 9. Aquaponics combines fish farming and hydroponics. As the fish eat and grow they produce waste. The wastewater is given to plants as a fertilizer. The plants absorb the nutrients in the water and they are returned to the fish tanks. A natural process to growing food. 10. HomeBiogas 2.0 turns food scraps into cooking gas. The gas flows from the system directly to the kitchen stove. It can be fed up to six liters of waste and digest almost anything. HomeBiogas can also create fertilizer that goes back into soil. Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/sai Music: The Inventor by Dhruva Aliman Amazon - https://amzn.to/3eyYxeD https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/king-neptunes-travelling-merchants-and-their-adventures-in-and-beyond-the-sea http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

While exploring "Ridge" Seamount, Deep Discoverer encountered an alien-like community composed almost exclusively of glass sponges with their concave sides directed towards the current. Video courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, 2017 Laulima O Ka Moana. Bizarre and beautiful animals are often seen in the deep oceans. The NOAA/Okeanos Explorer recently spotted some especially strange animals known as glass sponges in an underwater garden that they dubbed 'The Forest of the Weird'. Surprisingly these creatures are some of the longest living on Earth Music:Bottom of the Sea by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/3dgKA52 https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

Losing weight is not an easy task. After just the first week your metabolism adjusts to a change in diet and losing additional weight becomes harder. But not only will burning calories be harder but you'll also get an increase in appetite. The reason for this is because fat cells release a hormone called leptin. This hormone signals your brain that you are full. Yet when you ave less fat, your amount of leptin drops. Even though losing weight may be a struggle, it has been shown that losing excess weight reduces strain on blood vessels, increases blood flow to the brain, and reduces health risks, such as diabetes, high cholesterol and hypertension. Music: Uncle Festus by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/2Mgr7pg https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/the-wolf-and-the-river http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

Scientists Successfully Edited the First Human Embryo Ever - U.S. Researchers in Portland, Oregon have achieved a significant breakthrough in gene-editing technology. Taking advantage of the revolutionary gene- editing technique, CRISPR, a gene linked to heart conditions was successfully “deleted” from a human embryo. Scientists Have Finally Created Metallic Hydrogen - For the first time in the wold, scientists created metallic hydrogen by applying almost five million atmospheres of pressure to liquid hydrogen. That’s about five million times the pressure we experience at sea level, and 4,500 times that at the bottom of the ocean. It is the first time a state of hydrogen has existed in a metallic state on Earth. In its metallic state, hydrogen could act as a genuine superconductor and could revolutionize everything from energy storage to rocketry. Scientists Discovered an Alien Planet That’s The Best Candidate for Life As We Know It. On April 19 this year scientists at the European Organization for Astronomical Research (ESO) found the best candidate for extraterrestrial life so far. The super-Earth named LHS 1140b was found in the habitable zone of a dim star 40 light-years away from Earth. It receives about half as much sunlight from its star, LHS 1140, as the Earth does from the Sun. “This is the most exciting exoplanet I’ve seen in the past decade,” author Jason Dittmann of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics said in an ESO press release. “We could hardly hope for a better target to perform one of the biggest quests in science — searching for evidence of life beyond Earth.” A World First CRISPR Trial Will Edit Genes Inside the Human Body.In one of the biggest scientific breakthroughs of 2017, scientists used the gene-editing technology CRISPR (the most accessible gene-editing technique so far) inside the human body for the very first time. A new human trial aimed to remove the human papillomavirus (HPV) by applying a gel that carries the necessary DNA coding to the cervixes of 60 women to disable the tumor growth mechanism. Breakthrough Initiative Will Grow Organs and Regenerate Human Tissue - Major strides have been made in the field of regenerative medicine. The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine is currently leading projects to speed up the development of artificially growing human tissue and even organs in a lab to help patients worldwide. These new initiatives may one day repair nerve damage and even grow entire limbs and organs. SpaceX’s Historic Launch Proves Recycled Rockets Are the Future of Space Exploration - SpaceX made space launch history in March by successfully relaunching and re-landing a used Falcon 9 rocket booster via rocket descent. This is the stuff of old-school scifi. Already having been the cheapest orbital rocket system, this breakthrough brought the affordability down even more — a saving of more than $18 million per launch. Fluid-Filled Bag Lets Lambs Develop Outside the Womb. Humans Are Next - Physicians at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia have managed to imitate a woman’s uterus using a synthetic device in order to prevent mortality and disease of prematurely born children younger than 37 weeks. A New Breakthrough in Quantum Computing is Set to Transform Our World - A 51-qubit quantum computer was unveiled to the world at the 2017 International Conference on Quantum Technologies in Moscow, paving the way for a number of new possible applications of the technology. Music: Spirit Must Train by Dhruva Aliman Amazon - https://amzn.to/2B9tGa7 https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/road-of-fortunes http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot: A Swirling Mystery - Jupiter’s most iconic feature is its Great Red Spot. A gigantic storm twice as big as Earth, the spot was first observed 300 years ago – and may have been churning long before that. Like a hurricane on Earth, the center is relatively calm, but farther out, the winds scream at 430 to 680 kilometers per hour (270 to 425 miles per hour). The largest and most powerful hurricanes ever recorded on Earth spanned over 1,000 miles across with winds gusting up to around 200 mph. That’s wide enough to stretch across nearly all U.S. states east of Texas. But even that kind of storm is dwarfed by the Great Red Spot, a gigantic storm in Jupiter. There, gigantic means twice as wide as Earth. With tumultuous winds peaking at about 400 mph, the Great Red Spot has been swirling wildly over Jupiter’s skies for the past 150 years—maybe even much longer than that. While people saw a big spot in Jupiter as early as they started stargazing through telescopes in the 1600s, it is still unclear whether they were looking at a different storm. Today, scientists know the Great Red Spot is there and it’s been there for a while, but they still struggle to learn what causes its swirl of reddish hues. Understanding the Great Red Spot is not easy, and it’s mostly Jupiter’s fault. A planet a thousand times as big as Earth, Jupiter consists mostly of gas. A liquid ocean of hydrogen surrounds its core, and the atmosphere consists mostly of hydrogen and helium. That translates into no solid ground like we have on Earth to weaken storms. Also, Jupiter’s clouds obstruct clear observations of its lower atmosphere. While some studies of Jupiter have investigated areas in its lower atmosphere, orbiting probes and telescopes studying the Great Red Spot can only see clouds scattered high in the atmosphere. Amy Simon, an expert in planetary atmospheres at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, said learning more about Jupiter and its Great Red Spot could help scientists understand Earth’s weather system better. Jupiter’s weather functions under the same physics as Earth, she said, just millions of miles farther from the sun. Simon also said Jupiter studies could improve our understandings of worlds beyond our solar system. “If you just look at reflected light from an extrasolar planet, you’re not going to be able to tell what it’s made of,” Simon said. “Looking at as many possible different cases in our own solar system could enable us to then apply that knowledge to extrasolar planets.” Studies predict Jupiter’s upper atmosphere has clouds consisting of ammonia, ammonium hydrosulfide, and water. Still, scientists don’t know exactly how or even whether these chemicals react to give colors like those in the Great Red Spot. Plus, these compounds make up only a small part of the atmosphere. “We’re talking about something that only makes up a really tiny portion of the atmosphere,” Simon said. “That’s what makes it so hard to figure out exactly what makes the colors that we see.” Like Simon, other scientists at Goddard work to shed light on the Great Red Spot’s mystery. Goddard scientists Mark Loeffler and Reggie Hudson have been performing laboratory studies to investigate whether cosmic rays, one type of radiation that strikes Jupiter’s clouds, can chemically alter ammonium hydrosulfide to produce new compounds that could explain the spot’s color. Ammonium hydrosulfide is unstable under Earth’s atmospheric conditions, so Loeffler makes his own batch by heating hydrogen sulfide and ammonia together. He then blasts them with charged particles, similar to the cosmic rays impacting Jupiter’s clouds. “Our first step is to try to identify what forms when ammonium hydrosulfide is irradiated,” Loeffler said. “We have recently finished identifying these new products, and now we are trying to correlate what we have learned with the colors in Jupiter. ” Other experts agree with the leading theory that deep under Jupiter’s clouds, a colorless ammonium hydrosulfide layer could be reacting with cosmic rays or UV radiation from the sun. But Simon said many chemicals turn red under different situations. “That’s the problem,” she said. “Is it turning the right color red?” Under the right conditions, ammonium hydrosulfide might be. With the Great Red Spot and other reddish parts of Jupiter, coloring may result from multiple factors, as opposed to just ammonium hydrosulfide. “Ideally, what you’d want is a mixture with the right components of everything that you see in Jupiter’s atmosphere at the right temperature, and then irradiate it at the right levels,” Simon said. Music: Here Today Gone Tomorrow by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/3dgKA52 https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

How To Build a Roaring Campfire - There is a primal link between man and fire. For ancient man, fire provided warmth, protection from wild animals, light in the dark wilderness, and a place to cook food. While fire is no longer vital to most men’s existence, it still has a magnetic power that attracts us. The flames of fire can inspire legendary stories, generate uplifting discussion, and build camaraderie among the men circled around them. Also, there’s nothing more romantic than cuddling up to your gal next to a warm fire. And I’d take some manly campfire-cooked grub over the food of a four-star restaurant any day. Thus every man should know how to start one and be well-practiced in doing so. Create Your Fire Bed When building a fire, always think about safety first. You don’t want to be that guy who starts a raging wildfire in a national park. If your camping site has a designated fire area, use it. If you’re camping in a more rugged area that lacks fire sites, you’ll need to make your own. Select a site away from trees, bushes, and other plant material. Your fire bed should be on bare earth, not grass (especially dead grass). If you can’t find a bare area, make your own by digging and raking away plant material, taking particular care in clearing away all dry plant material. Dry grass, branches, and bark catch fire easily. After you’ve cleared the area, it’s time to make your bed. Gather in dirt and place it in the center of your cleared area. Form the dirt into a “platform” that’s about 3-4 inches thick. Time to Gather Your Wood You’ll need three basics types of materials to build your roaring campfire: tinder, kindling, and fuel wood. Tinder. Every good campfire starts with good tinder. Tinder catches fire easily, but burns fast. Material like dry leaves, dry bark, wood shavings, dry grass, and some fluffy fungi make for good tinder. If you’re a smart camper, you’ll bring your own tinder in the form of dryer lint or homemade char cloth. Bringing your own tinder is especially important when everything outside is wet. Believe it or not, wet tinder does not catch on fire. Kindling. Tinder burns fast, so you’ll need something with more substance to keep your flame going. You can’t move directly to big logs. You’ll just smother your little flame. That’s where kindling comes in. Kindling usually consists of small twigs and branches. Go for something that’s about the width of a pencil. Like tinder, kindling needs to be dry or else it won’t burn as easily. If all you have are wet twigs and branches, try whittling away the damp bark with your pocket knife. Fuel wood. Fuel wood is what keeps your fire hot and burning. Contrary to popular belief, fuel wood doesn’t have to look like the huge logs you use in a fireplace. If you go too big, it’s going to take a long time for the wood to catch fire. Look for branches that are about as wide as your wrist or your forearm. General tips. When gathering wood for a fire, collect wood that snaps and breaks easily. Dry wood burns the best. If your wood bends, it’s too wet or “green.” If your try to make a fire with this sort of wood, you’ll just get a lot of smoke. Unlike tinder and kindling, fuel wood can be a little damp. The fire will dry it out, but it’s still not ideal. Collect twice as much tinder, kindling, and fuel wood as you think you’ll need. You’ll be surprised how fast you’ll go through tinder and kindling when you’re starting your fire. Teepee Fire Lay Place your tinder bundle in the middle of your campfire site. Above your tinder bundle, form a teepee with some kindling. Leave an opening in your teepee on the side the wind is blowing against. This will ensure that your fire gets the air it needs and will blow the flames onto the kindling. Continue adding kindling to the teepee, working your way up to pencil sized twigs. Create a larger teepee structure around your kindling teepee with your fuel wood. Place a match under your tinder. Because this lay directs the flame up, the flame should rise to the kindling and then on to the fuel wood. The teepee structure will eventually fall, and at this point you can simply add some fuel logs to the fire. Music: Uncle Festus by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/2Mgr7pg https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/the-wolf-and-the-river http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

By 2030 the average person in the U.S. will have 4.5 packages a week delivered with flying drones. They will travel 40% of the time in a driverless car, use a 3D printer to print hyper-individualized meals, and will spend most of their leisure time on an activity that hasn’t been invented yet. The world will have seen over 2 billion jobs disappear, with most coming back in different forms in different industries, with over 50% structured as freelance projects rather than full-time jobs. Over 50% of today’s Fortune 500 companies will have disappeared, over 50% of traditional colleges will have collapsed, and India will have overtaken China as the most populous country in the world. Most people will have stopped taking pills in favor of a new device that causes the body to manufacture it’s own cures. 33 Dramatic Predictions By 2030 over 80% of all doctor visits will have been replaced by automated exams. By 2030 over 90% of all restaurants will use some form of a 3D food printer in their meal preparations. By 2030 over 10% of all global financial transactions will be conducted through Bitcoin or Bitcoin-like crypto currencies. By 2030 we will seen a growing number of highways designated as driverless-vehicle only. By 2030, a Chinese company will become the first to enter the space tourism industry by establishing regular flights to their space hotel. By 2030, the world’s largest Internet company will be in the education business, and it will be a company we have not heard of yet. By 2030 over 20% of all new construction will be “printed” buildings. By 2030 over 2 billion jobs will have disappeared, freeing up talent for many new fledgling industries. By 2030 a new protest group will have emerged that holds anti-cloning rallies, demonstrating against the creation of “soul-less humans.” By 2030 we will see the first city to harvest 100% of its water supply from the atmosphere. By 2030 world religions will make a resurgence, with communities of faith growing by nearly 50% over what they are today. By 2030 over 50% of all traditional colleges will collapse, paving the way for an entire new education industry to emerge. By 2030 we will see a surge of Micro Colleges spring to life, each requiring less than 6 months of training and apprenticeship to switch professions. By 2030 scientists will have perfected an active cross-species communication system, enabling some species to talk to each other as well as humans. By 2030 we will see the first hurricane stopped by human intervention. By 2030 we will see wireless power used to light up invisible light bulbs in the middle of a room. By 2030 we will see the first demonstration of a technology to control gravity, reducing the pull of gravity on an object by as much as 50%. By 2030 democracy will be viewed as inferior form of government. By 2030 traditional police forces will be largely automated out of existence with less than 50% of current staffing levels on active duty. By 2030 over 90% of all libraries will offer premium services as part of their business model. By 2030 forest fires will have been reduced to less than 5% of the number today with the use of infrared drone monitoring systems. By 2030 over 30% of all cities in the U.S. will operate their electric utilities as micro grids. By 2030 we will have seen a number of global elections with the intent of creating a new global mandate, forcing world leaders to take notice. By 2030 traditional pharmaceuticals will be replaced by hyper-individualized medicines that are manufactured at the time they are ordered. By 2030 we will have seen the revival of the first mated pair of an extinct species. By 2030 swarms of micro flying drones – swarmbots – will be demonstrated to assemble themselves as a type of personal clothing, serving as a reconfigurable fashion statement. By 2030 marijuana will be legalized in all 50 states in the U.S. and half of all foreign countries. By 2030 cable television will no longer exist. By 2030 a small number of companies will begin calculating their labor costs with something called “synaptical currency.” By 2030 it will be common to use next generation search engines to search the physical world. By 2030 basic computer programming will be considered a core skill required in over 20% of all jobs. By 2030 we will have seen multiple attempts to send a probe to the center of the earth. By 2030 a form of tube transportation, inspired by Hyperloop and ET3, will be well on its way to becoming the world’s largest infrastructure project. Music: Coolidge (Instrumental) by Dhruva Aliman mazon - https://amzn.to/2B9tGa7 https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/road-of-fortunes http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT; German: Gotthard-Basistunnel, Italian: Galleria di base del San Gottardo, Romansh: Tunnel da basa dal Son Gottard) is a railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland. It opened on 1 June 2016, and full service began on 11 December 2016. With a route length of 57.09 km (35.5 mi), it is the world's longest and deepest traffic tunnel and the first flat, low-level route through the Alps. It lies at the heart of the Gotthard axis and constitutes the third tunnel connecting the cantons of Uri and Ticino, after the Gotthard Tunnel and the Gotthard Road Tunnel. The link consists of two single-track tunnels connecting Erstfeld (Uri) with Bodio (Ticino) and passing below Sedrun (Graubünden). It is part of the New Railway Link through the Alps (NRLA) project, which also includes the Ceneri Base Tunnel further south (scheduled to open late 2020) and the Lötschberg Base Tunnel on the other main north-south axis. It is referred to as a "base tunnel" since it bypasses most of the existing Gotthard railway line, a winding mountain route opened in 1882 across the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which was operating at its capacity before the opening of the GBT. The new base tunnel establishes a direct route usable by high-speed rail and heavy freight trains. The main purpose of the Gotthard Base Tunnel is to increase local transport capacity through the Alpine barrier, especially for freight, notably on the Rotterdam–Basel–Genoa corridor, and more specifically to shift freight volumes from trucks to freight trains. This both significantly reduces the danger of fatal road crashes involving trucks, and reduces the environmental damage caused by heavy trucks. The tunnel provides a faster connection between the canton of Ticino and the rest of Switzerland, as well as between northern and southern Europe, cutting the Basel/Zürich–Lugano–Milan journey time for passenger trains by one hour (and from Lucerne to Bellinzona by 45 minutes). After 64 percent of Swiss voters accepted the NRLA project in a 1992 referendum, first preparatory and exploratory work began in 1996. The official start of construction began on 4 November 1999 at Amsteg. Drilling operations in the eastern tunnel were completed on 15 October 2010 in a breakthrough ceremony broadcast live on Swiss TV, and in the western tunnel on 23 March 2011. The tunnel's constructor, AlpTransit Gotthard AG, originally planned to hand over the tunnel to Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) in operating condition in December 2016 but, on 4 February 2014, the handover date was changed to 5 June 2016 with the start of an 850-day opening countdown calendar on the AlpTransit homepage. As of 1998, the total projected cost of the project was CHF 6.323 billion; as of December 2015, the final cost is projected as CHF 9.560 billion. Nine people died during construction. #engineering #worldrecord #long

"Turbulence isn't something to be feared," says Keith Tonkin, who is a former military pilot and director of consultancy group Aviation Projects. "Modern planes are designed to withstand far more force than turbulence can create. They're simply not going to fall apart." He adds that military planes routinely fly into cyclones to take meteorological readings, just to underline how robust they are. Construction aside, I want to know if turbulence can jolt a plane out of the sky. I remind Tonkin that in November 2001, American Airlines Flight 587 crashed after takeoff from JFK Airport in New York, killing all 260 people on board, along with five on the ground. And the reason? It took off behind another plane, and was brought down by the turbulence in the plane's wake. But as Tonkin assures me, the problem was that Flight 587 took off too soon. As he points out, human error is the most common reason planes go down, whereas meteorological turbulence is more of a hassle than a danger. "We avoid turbulence because it's stressful for passengers," he says, "but for pilots it's just not an issue." Turbulence comes in three main categories: thermal, mechanical, and shear. Essentially, all three are small-scale versions of actions you'll have seen in flowing water. Warm air rises, in much the same way as water billows up from the deep. This is called thermal turbulence, and you experience it as a bump as you ram a jet through a rising plume at 500 mph. If you've ever flown through afternoon clouds at takeoff, you'll have probably experienced thermal turbulence. Then there's mechanical turbulence, which occurs when physical structures such as mountains and buildings disrupt wind currents, much like a boulder causes ripples in a moving stream. This is dangerous, but very easy to predict and pilots simply avoid flying near big structures at low altitudes. A compilation of planes hitting shear turbulence while landing The last type is shear turbulence, which basically describes the border between two pockets of conversely moving air. This is the scary one because you often can't predict how bad it'll be, such as the case when the pilot flies a plane in and out of a jet stream. A jet stream, like a freeway of air, is a band of wind gushing through the upper atmosphere. To minimize fuel consumption, pilots often jump into these streams to get a tail wind. You might have been half asleep to hear the seatbelt light ding on, informing you the pilot is about to move in or out of a jet stream. Usually at this point the pilot will know what to expect, as another plane will have logged the severity of the turbulence over the transitional zone. Turbulence is recorded and shared across planes according to a rating system. Light turbulence describes a movement of a foot or two, and rattles the drink tray. Moderate turbulence is the point at which air hostesses strap themselves in. Severe turbulence will launch unsecured objects, including people, although most pilots only encounter severe turbulence a few times in a whole career. But extreme turbulence is really the sum of all fears. It this case, a plane can drop or ascend 100 feet in a few seconds, and unbuckled passengers have been killed rattling around the walls. As the US Federal Aviation Administration reports, "From 1980 through 2008, US air carriers had 234 turbulence accidents, resulting in 298 serious injuries and three fatalities." Music: The Game by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/2MbZ3TF https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/snooper http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet #travel #flying #aircraft

Pentagon Spent $22 Million on a Mysterious UFO Analysis Program - The X-Files are real, y’all. No, seriously, here is some wild news for anyone who, like me, cried at the end of Arrival, or perhaps fears that one day aliens will roll on through planet Earth and absolutely wreck our stuff.The Pentagon quietly ran a $22 million program to study unidentified flying objects from 2008 to 2012 at the behest of former Senator Harry Reid, the New York Times reported on Saturday, after considering numerous accounts of unexplained phenomena that could involve advanced technology developed by foreign governments or even aliens dropping in to spy on our crapsack world. For years, this program had federal contractors scurrying around trying to identify unexplained phenomena like Mulder and Scully instead of developing new and innovative ways to kill people. The unclassified but secretive Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program was funded $22 million from 2008 to 2011, with the vast majority of the funding going to Bigelow Airspace. That’s a company conveniently owned by one of Reid’s friends and donors, Robert Bigelow, though the program was also approved by since-deceased (COINCIDENCE?) Senators Ted Stevens and Daniel Inouye. That $22 million enabled contractors to build a low-key Nevada warehouse for what they claimed was unidentified artifacts obtained from UFOs, as well as compile witness accounts: Under Mr. Bigelow’s direction, the company modified buildings in Las Vegas for the storage of metal alloys and other materials that Mr. Elizondo and program contractors said had been recovered from unidentified aerial phenomena. Researchers also studied people who said they had experienced physical effects from encounters with the objects and examined them for any physiological changes. In addition, researchers spoke to military service members who had reported sightings of strange aircraft. Reid has long held an interest in UFOs, and it’s certainly possible the program essentially amounted to good ol’ fashioned D.C. pork barrel spending at the behest of a dude with a weird hobby and a friend he could hook up with a sweet government contract. The feds have launched numerous investigations of UFOs and found very little, including the 1947-1969 Project Blue Book. But according to the Times, Reid later decided AATIP had “made such extraordinary discoveries that he argued for heightened security to protect it,” requesting the deputy defense secretary list it as a “restricted special access program” which would keep its findings in the hands of just a few officials. AATIP analysts claimed compelling evidence the unidentified objects in question used some kind of next-generation propulsion technology and that the U.S. was incapable of defending against them if they turned hostile (yeah, sounds about right). The restricted access designation was denied, though, and the program was eventually canceled to free up its resources as it failed to turn up further leads. Per Politico, even Reid agreed AATIP had reached a dead end—though it did turn up some unnerving incidents. One of the accounts, extensively detailed in the New York Times, involved two F/A-18F Super Hornets dispatched to investigate “mysterious aircraft” detected by the U.S.S. Princeton off the coast of in 2004. The UFOs were detected appearing out of nowhere at an elevation of 80,000 feet, plummeting towards the sea, and then hovering above the water at 20,000 feet. They then shot back into the air or descended below radar range. Per aviation enthusiast site FighterSweep.com, at the time the Princeton’s SPY-1 system was “the most sophisticated and powerful tactical radar on the planet.” The two pilots, Cmdr. David Fravor and Lt. Cmdr. Jim Slaight, flew so close to the location of the aircraft that their radar signatures couldn’t be separated from the unknown object’s. They then noticed that the sea appeared to be churning before the scene descended into utter fucking madness, per the Times: Hovering 50 feet above the churn was an aircraft of some kind—whitish—that was around 40 feet long and oval in shape. The craft was jumping around erratically, staying over the wave disturbance but not moving in any specific direction, Commander Fravor said. The disturbance looked like frothy waves and foam, as if the water were boiling. When the aircraft approached, Fravor told the paper, “It accelerated like nothing I’ve ever seen” and disappeared, causing him to be “pretty weirded out.” But then something happened that weirded him out even more. When the jets began to retreat to another position 60 miles away, radar showed the object reappeared there in less than a minute.

Music: Bottom of the Sea by Dhruva Aliman - Amazon- https://amzn.to/3dgKA52 - https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ - Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet ...NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer wrapped up a three-year campaign to investigate and document deep waters in U.S. central Pacific waters, the high seas, and waters of several Pacific Island countries and territories. We then headed back to the Gulf of Mexico, to explore deep-sea habitats and associated marine communities in the Gulf. This video captures just some of the highlights from 2017 activities. NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer will return to the Atlantic Ocean and conduct a series of expeditions to continue exploration of the deep waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic. A multidisciplinary team of scientists, technicians, and engineers – both on board the ship and on shore – will conduct undersea mapping and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) explorations of the geological, biological, archaeological, and chemical features of these vast areas. The team will investigate the Gulf of Mexico, Mid- and South Atlantic Bight, Northeast U.S./Canada transboundary area, and a priority mapping area in international waters south of Bermuda. The Atlantic expeditions are all part of the Atlantic Seafloor Partnership for Integrated Research and Exploration (ASPIRE) campaign - an umbrella for a subset of deepwater field activities that support the Galway Statement on Atlantic Ocean Cooperation exit icon. NOAA is proud to be partnering with Canada and the European Union to conduct work in support of the Galway Statement. The Galway Statement is an initiative between the U.S., Canada, and the European Union to advance knowledge of the Atlantic Ocean leading to improved stewardship and understanding. Operations in all areas will be designed to complement previous and planned work. Expeditions will also include two technology demonstrations to test novel approaches or emerging technologies for ocean science, strengthening the use of the Okeanos Explorer as a platform for technology advancement and testing. Throughout the year, telepresence technology will allow you to follow discoveries via the NOAA Ocean Explorer website, putting the unexplored ocean directly into your hands. The Okeanos Explorer will transit from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico and ultimately the Atlantic Ocean – while mapping as much as possible along the way. From mid-October to November, the ship will transit about 5,000 nautical miles from Hawaii to Panama while mapping key unexplored areas along the Clarion Fracture Zone.

Vincent van Gogh, one of the most well-known post-impressionist artists, for whom color was the chief symbol of expression, was born in Groot-Zundert, Holland on March 30, 1853. The son of a pastor, brought up in a religious and cultured atmosphere, Vincent was highly emotional, lacked self-confidence and struggled with his identity and with direction. He believed that his true calling was to preach the gospel; however, it took years for him to discover his calling as an artist. Between 1860 and 1880, when he finally decided to become an artist, van Gogh had already experienced two unsuitable and unhappy romances and had worked unsuccessfully as a clerk in a bookstore, an art salesman, and a preacher in the Borinage (a dreary mining district in Belgium) where he was dismissed for overzealousness. He remained in Belgium to study art, determined to give happiness by creating beauty. The works of his early Dutch period are somber-toned, sharply lit, genre paintings of which the most famous is "The Potato Eaters" (1885). In that year van Gogh went to Antwerp where he discovered the works of Rubens and purchased many Japanese prints. In 1886, he went to Paris to join his brother Théo, the manager of Goupil's gallery. In Paris, van Gogh studied with Cormon, inevitably met Pissarro, Monet, and Gauguin. Having met the new Impressionist painters, he tried to imitate their techniques; he began to lighten his very dark palette and to paint in the short brushstrokes of the Impressionists’ style. Unable to successfully copy the style, he developed his own more bold and unconventional style. In 1888, Van Gogh decided to go south to Arles where he hoped his friends would join him and help found a school of art. At The Yellow House, van Gogh hoped like-minded artists could create together. Gauguin did join him but with disastrous results. Van Gogh’s nervous temperament made him a difficult companion and night-long discussions combined with painting all day undermined his health. Near the end of 1888, an incident led Gauguin to ultimately leave Arles. Van Gogh pursued him with an open razor, was stopped by Gauguin, but ended up cutting a portion of his own ear lobe off. Van Gogh then began to alternate between fits of madness and lucidity and was sent to the asylum in Saint-Remy for treatment. In May of 1890, after a couple of years at the asylum, he seemed much better and went to live in Auvers-sur-Oise under the watchful eye of Dr. Gachet. Two months later, he died from what is believed to have been a self-inflicted gunshot wound "for the good of all." During his brief career, he did not experience much success, he sold only one painting, lived in poverty, malnourished and overworked. The money he had was supplied by his brother, Theo, and was used primarily for art supplies, coffee and cigarettes. Van Gogh's finest works were produced in less than three years in a technique that grew more and more impassioned in brushstroke, in symbolic and intense color, in surface tension, and in the movement and vibration of form and line. Van Gogh's inimitable fusion of form and content is powerful; dramatic, lyrically rhythmic, imaginative, and emotional, for the artist was completely absorbed in the effort to explain either his struggle against madness or his comprehension of the spiritual essence of man and nature. In spite of his lack of success during his lifetime, van Gogh’s legacy lives on having left a lasting impact on the world of art. Van Gogh is now viewed as one of the most influential artists having helped lay the foundations of modern art. Birth Year : 1853 Death Year : 1890 Country : Netherlands Music on Video by Dhruva Aliman (you can use the Shazam App to identify the songs) https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/ www.dhruvaaliman.com

Space mystery SOLVED as astronomers discover truth about 'alien megastructure' orbiting distant star. The mystery of Tabby's Star has been puzzling experts for years. Observations of the star revealed it was alternately dimming and brightening - and immediately sparked theories of an alien civilization somehow harvesting the star for energy. Instead, it appears that space dust might be the culprit. According to a new study published in the Astrophysical Journal, a cloud of cosmic dust may be orbiting the star roughly every 700 days - causing the light from the star to dim periodically. Observations showed that the star's ultraviolet light was dimming more than its infrared light. Huan Meng, lead author of the study at the University of Arizona, Tucson said: “This pretty much rules out the alien megastructure theory, as that could not explain the wavelength-dependent dimming." The team used two NASA telescopes to watch Tabby's Star (officially known as KIC 8462852) from October 2015 to March 2017 in order to measure the UV and infrared dimming. “We found that from UV, throughout the visible spectrum, to IR, the star is dimming at every wavelength we monitored,” said Dr. Meng. “It cannot be anything from the interstellar medium. “Only microscopic fine-dust screens are able to scatter the starlight in the way characterized by measurements.” The star is located roughly 1,400 light years away from Earth and has confused astronomers since it was discovered in 2015. Music: Sun Down by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/3eLFy0P https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hello-moon http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

One Common Ancestor Behind Blue Eyes According To New Research - A team of scientists has tracked down a genetic mutation that leads to blue eyes. The mutation occurred between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago. Before then, there were no blue eyes. "Originally, we all had brown eyes," said Hans Eiberg from the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the University of Copenhagen. The mutation affected the so-called OCA2 gene, which is involved in the production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our hair, eyes and skin. "A genetic mutation affecting the OCA2 gene in our chromosomes resulted in the creation of a 'switch,' which literally 'turned off' the ability to produce brown eyes," Eiberg said. The genetic switch is located in the gene adjacent to OCA2 and rather than completely turning off the gene, the switch limits its action, which reduces the production of melanin in the iris. In effect, the turned-down switch diluted brown eyes to blue. If the OCA2 gene had been completely shut down, our hair, eyes and skin would be melanin-less, a condition known as albinism. "It's exactly what I sort of expected to see from what we know about selection around this area," said John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, referring to the study results regarding the OCA2 gene. Hawks was not involved in the current study. Baby blues Eiberg and his team examined DNA from mitochondria, the cells' energy-making structures, of blue-eyed individuals in countries including Jordan, Denmark and Turkey. This genetic material comes from females, so it can trace maternal lineages. They specifically looked at sequences of DNA on the OCA2 gene and the genetic mutation associated with turning down melanin production. Over the course of several generations, segments of ancestral DNA get shuffled so that individuals have varying sequences. Some of these segments, however, that haven't been reshuffled are called haplotypes. If a group of individuals shares long haplotypes, that means the sequence arose relatively recently in our human ancestors. The DNA sequence didn't have enough time to get mixed up. "What they were able to show is that the people who have blue eyes in Denmark, as far as Jordan, these people all have this same haplotype, they all have exactly the same gene changes that are all linked to this one mutation that makes eyes blue," Hawks said in a telephone interview. Melanin switch The mutation is what regulates the OCA2 switch for melanin production. And depending on the amount of melanin in the iris, a person can end up with eye color ranging from brown to green. Brown-eyed individuals have considerable individual variation in the area of their DNA that controls melanin production. But they found that blue-eyed individuals only have a small degree of variation in the amount of melanin in their eyes. "Out of 800 persons we have only found one person which didn't fit — but his eye color was blue with a single brown spot," Eiberg told LiveScience, referring to the finding that blue-eyed individuals all had the same sequence of DNA linked with melanin production. "From this we can conclude that all blue-eyed individuals are linked to the same ancestor," Eiberg said. "They have all inherited the same switch at exactly the same spot in their DNA." Eiberg and his colleagues detailed their study in the Jan. 3 online edition of the journal Human Genetics. That genetic switch somehow spread throughout Europe and now other parts of the world. "The question really is, 'Why did we go from having nobody on Earth with blue eyes 10,000 years ago to having 20 or 40 percent of Europeans having blue eyes now?" Hawks said. "This gene does something good for people. It makes them have more kids." Music: What Must Be (Deep Mix) by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/3eAjEgC https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/what-must-be http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

Aerovelo set their sights on building the world's fastest human-powered vehicle to surpass the previous level-ground speed record of 133.8 km/h (83.1 mph). In 2015, Eta first succeeded in its goal and has since incremented the world record four times, most recently with an astounding 144.17 km/hr (89.59 mph). No matter how hard you're pedalling to work and back, you're not getting anywhere close to the Aerovelo Eta bike, which just set a new speed record for a human-powered vehicle: 144.17 km/h (89.59 mph). Thanks to the Eta's aerodynamic carbon fiber shell, lightweight frame, and specialised recumbent layout (where the rider sits back), rider Todd Reichert hit car-worthy speeds along a dry stretch of highway in Battle Mountain, Nevada last week. The new record, adding nearly 4.8 km/h (3 mph) to the previous best, was set as part of this year's World Human-Powered Speed Challenge, held in the Nevada desert. "This was another massive leap in an event that had been fighting for 0.16 km/h (0.1 mph) gains over the last decade," wrote the Aerovelo team on its company blog. "Breaking into this new range of speeds, Eta has truly earned its name and its title as the world's most efficient vehicle." While a fit and athletic rider is essential to hitting these incredible speeds, factors like minimizing friction and wind resistance are also crucial. The Eta has been built with a very low center of gravity and handmade tires, and weighs just 25 kg (55 pounds) without a rider. It's worth reading the full story of the Aerovelo team's week in Battle Mountain, because not everything ran smoothly, and it shows just how thin the margins can be when a bike is refined to this degree - a day earlier, a squashed bug on the nose of the bike wrecked the team's chances of hitting maximum velocity. The engineers also had to contend with an unexplained speed wobble effect that they countered with a rubber steering damper. Temperature and wind can also play a vital role, and hot weather at the end of the week laid the foundations for the Eta's record-breaking run. "Looking back at the year, there are two lessons that were further hammered into our team’s psyche. First, no matter how much we think we know, the harsh reality of the real world will always keep us humble," writes the Aerovelo team. "Second, is the importance of being absolutely prepared, consistent and mentally focussed for every single run. In the end there's not much we can do about bugs and weather, except how we prepare and how we react." Aerovelo was founded by Todd Reichert and Cameron Robertson in 2010, and has made three bikes before Eta, which was specially commissioned to try and break the speed record. Unlike previous models, the Eta ditches cockpits and windows, so the rider instead relies on a video display showing speed stats and other vitals. And as you might expect, everything is packed very tightly and precisely inside Eta's enclosure. The wheels are just 4 mm (0.15 inches) away from the shell, and going through 1,200 revolutions-per-minute at top speed. That's a step up from the level of engineering you have on your own bike - but if you've got a speedo attached, see how your next run compares to Eta. Music: Doggy by Dhruva Aliman Amazon - https://amzn.to/3ex2DEb https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/neptunes-overtone http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

A team of European and American scientists announced that they had identified 52 genes linked to intelligence in nearly 80,000 people. These genes do not determine intelligence, however. Their combined influence is minuscule, the researchers said, suggesting that thousands more are likely to be involved and still await discovery. Just as important, intelligence is profoundly shaped by the environment. Still, the findings could make it possible to begin new experiments into the biological basis of reasoning and problem-solving, experts said. They could even help researchers determine which interventions would be most effective for children struggling to learn. “This represents an enormous success,” said Paige Harden, a psychologist at the University of Texas, who was not involved in the study. For over a century, psychologists have studied intelligence by asking people questions. Their exams have evolved into batteries of tests, each probing a different mental ability, such as verbal reasoning or memorization. In a typical test, the tasks might include imagining an object rotating, picking out a shape to complete a figure, and then pressing a button as fast as possible whenever a particular type of word appears. Each test-taker may get varying scores for different abilities. But over all, these scores tend to hang together — people who score low on one measure tend to score low on the others, and vice versa. Psychologists sometimes refer to this similarity as general intelligence. It’s still not clear what in the brain accounts for intelligence. Neuroscientists have compared the brains of people with high and low test scores for clues, and they’ve found a few. Brain size explains a small part of the variation, for example, although there are plenty of people with small brains who score higher than others with bigger brains. Other studies hint that intelligence has something to do with how efficiently a brain can send signals from one region to another. Danielle Posthuma, a geneticist at Vrije University Amsterdam and senior author of the new paper, first became interested in the study of intelligence in the 1990s. “I’ve always been intrigued by how it works,” she said. “Is it a matter of connections in the brain, or neurotransmitters that aren’t sufficient?” Dr. Posthuma wanted to find the genes that influence intelligence. She started by studying identical twins who share the same DNA. Identical twins tended to have more similar intelligence test scores than fraternal twins, she and her colleagues found. Hundreds of other studies have come to the same conclusion, showing a clear genetic influence on intelligence. But that doesn’t mean that intelligence is determined by genes alone. Our environment exerts its own effects, only some of which scientists understand well. Lead in drinking water, for instance, can drag down test scores. In places where food doesn’t contain iodine, giving supplements to children can raise scores. Advances in DNA sequencing technology raised the possibility that researchers could find individual genes underlying differences in intelligence test scores. Some candidates were identified in small populations, but their effects did not reappear in studies on larger groups. So scientists turned to what’s now called the genome-wide association study: They sequence bits of genetic material scattered across the DNA of many unrelated people, then look to see whether people who share a particular condition — say, a high intelligence test score — also share the same genetic marker. In 2014, Dr. Posthuma was part of a large-scale study of over 150,000 people that revealed 108 genes linked to schizophrenia. But she and her colleagues had less luck with intelligence, which has proved a hard nut to crack for a few reasons. Standard intelligence tests can take a long time to complete, making it hard to gather results on huge numbers of people. Scientists can try combining smaller studies, but they often have to merge different tests together, potentially masking the effects of genes. As a result, the first generation of genome-wide association studies on intelligence failed to find any genes. Later studies managed to turn up promising results, but when researchers turned to other groups of people, the effect of the genes again disappeared. But in the past couple of years, larger studies relying on new statistical methods finally have produced compelling evidence that particular genes really are involved in shaping human intelligence. Music: The Inventor by Dhruva Aliman Amazon - https://amzn.to/3eyYxeD https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/king-neptunes-travelling-merchants-and-their-adventures-in-and-beyond-the-sea http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

On 16 April 1972, Apollo 16 launched at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to become the 10th manned US mission into space, and the fifth to land on the Moon. But this 11-day mission was the first time humans got access to the lunar highlands, and boy, did they have fun when they got there. That sweet ride - its technical name is the Lunar Roving Vehicle, or LRV, but people in the ‘70s preferred ‘moon buggy' - was a battery-powered four-wheeled rover, and it made an appearance on the Moon during the last three missions of the American Apollo program, 15, 16, and 17. These vehicles were designed to carry one or two astronauts at a time, plus all their equipment and whatever lunar samples they managed to collect. "Electric rovers were made to operate in the near-vacuum of the lunar surface and handle the oddly-shaped dust, or regolith, that coated it,” says Kyle Hill at Nerdist. "The footage of men riding around on the Moon is simply hard to believe, it’s so surreal." And now we get to watch that footage in all its stabilized glory. Created by YouTuber britoca, the Apollo Mission 16mm High Definition Transfer footage was adjusted using the Deshaker v2.5 filter for VirtualDub 1.9.9. More than 40 years ago, and it's still cooler than anything most of us will ever do. Apollo 16 Mission Objective - Three primary objectives were (1) to inspect, survey, and sample materials and surface features at a selected landing site in the Descartes region; (2) emplace and activate surface experiments; and (3) conduct in-flight experiments and photographic tasks from lunar orbit. Additional objectives included performance of experiments requiring zero gravity and engineering evaluation of spacecraft and equipment. The Descartes landing site is in a highlands region of the moon's southeast quadrant, characterized by hilly, grooved, furrowed terrain. It was selected as an outstanding location for sampling two volcanic constructional units of the highlands – the Cayley formation and the Kant Plateau. The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, or ALSEP, was the fourth such station to become operational after Apollos 12, 14 and 15. Orbital science experiments were concentrated in an array of instruments and cameras in the scientific instrument module, or SIM, bay. Handheld Hasselblad 70mm still and Mauer 16mm motion cameras were used by the crew. Minor changes in surface extravehicular activity, or EVA, equipment were evaluated – a stronger clutch spring in the television camera drive mechanism to eliminate aiming problems experienced on Apollo 15, longer seat belts on the Lunar Roving Vehicle for better astronaut retention, continuous fluting of drill bits to eliminate bit binding due to extracta jamming, and the addition of a treadle and jack to aid in drill core removal from the lunar subsurface. A significant addition to surface objectives was an ultraviolet stellar camera to return photography of the Earth and celestial regions in spectral bands not seen from Earth. Evaluation of the lunar rover through a "Grand Prix" exercise consisting of S-turns, hairpin turns and hard stops also was to be conducted. A final orbital objective was to launch a subsatellite into lunar orbit from the command and service module, or CSM, shortly before transearth injection. The objective of the Particles and Fields, or P&F, subsatellite was to investigate the moon's mass and gravitational variations, particle composition of space near the moon, and interaction of the moon's magnetic field with that of Earth. Music: Mighty Mouse's Moon Shot by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/3eLFy0P https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hello-moon http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet #astronaut #space #NASA

We all have body parts that are absolutely necessary such as the heart, brain, lungs, kidneys, stomach, etc., but we also have body parts that are pretty much useless. Here's 10 human body parts that serve very little or no purpose, below: 1. Plica semilunaris (Third Eyelid) Fragments of a third eyelid known as the plica semilunaris can be found next to the tear duct. Although it is not needed for survival or vision, it does serve a purpose. During eye movement, the plica semilunaris ensures tear drainage and sweeps debris away from the eye. 2. Darwin’s Point (Top Skin Fold On Ear) Darwin’s point, also known as Darwin’s tubercle, is a small fold of skin that forms on 10 percent of people’s upper ear. Its origins are unclear, however, research shows it may have been a joint that allowed the ear to swivel or flop down. 3. Body Hair Hair on our head can insulate heat, eyebrows keep sweat out of our eyes, and male facial hair could play a role in sexual attraction, but what do we need body hair for? 4. Vomeronasal Organ Vomeronasal organ, or Jacobson’s organ, is found on the olfactory system of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Described as chemoreceptors, this non-functioning specialized sensory system in the nose is used to detect chemicals, in the case of humans, pheromones. 5. Wisdom Teeth Other than being extremely painful to remove, wisdom teeth serve no purpose with the exception of misaligning our jaw and impeding on dental hygiene. Today, around 35 percent of the population no longer develops their third and final set of molars. 6. Auricular Muscles Anterior, posterior, and superior auricular muscles surround the outer ear and are used to swivel some animal’s ears towards the direction of sound, but serve no purpose with humans. Unless you find it funny when people can wiggle their ears. 7. Coccyx Found at the very end of vertebral column, the coccyx is comprised of three to five vertebrae below the sacrum that are either separate or fused together. The coccyx, or tailbone, is a vertebrae leftover from when our distant ancestors were walking around with tails. 8. Erector Pili Erector pili, or arrector pili muscles, are tiny muscles that are attached to our hair follicles via smooth muscle fibers. When these muscles contract they cause hair to stand on end, something we commonly refer to as goose bumps. 9. Appendix While the appendix is found between the small intestine and large intestine it plays no role in digestion. Experts suggest it may have served a purpose when the human diet was mostly made up of plants. Now it only becomes inflamed and infected before finally rupturing when someone develops appendicitis. 10. Male Nipples Why do men have nipples anyway? All human fetuses develop nipples even before our gender is determined. While it is rare, men are capable of lactating. Music: Root Chakra Planet by Dhruva Aliman Amazon - https://amzn.to/3ex2DEb https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/neptunes-overtone http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

Las Vegas POLICE Officer Uses JIU-JITSU to Control Larger Suspect (Gracie Breakdown). More from Gracie Breakdown here- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNMZWa1QP42jHrmmzayFEeg MMA Comes to the Police. Can mixed martial arts training make police officers less dangerous? This Footage was taken from a surveillance camera at an apparel store, showing a Gracie BJJ student, a police officer, threatening to break another man’s arm. The officer claimed he’d seen the man pocket a pair of expensive sunglasses. As the man attempted to leave the store, the officer intervened and, after a short struggle, they wound up going to the ground. With calm precision, the officer trapped the suspect in an armbar and waited for backup to arrive. “He held that position for over a minute,” Rener Gracie points out how his student torqued the other man’s elbow joint backward against his hips, hyper extending it just enough to stop the suspect from struggling but not so much that the tendons and muscle tissue holding the joint together tore away from the bone. Gracie teaches moves like this one, adapted from the “gentle art” of Brazilian jiujitsu, to officers who pay $995 for a five-day Gracie Survival Tactics seminar. The idea is to train law enforcement officials to handle resistance using martial arts techniques that at once protect civilians from excessive uses of force and help officers fight off unforeseen threats. Officers who take Gracie’s class, the sales pitch goes, won’t panic at the first sign of conflict and will be less likely to pull their guns. As a consequence, they won’t make the kinds of mistakes that cost people their lives. Brazilian jiujitsu has developed over the last 100 years. It was popularized by Rener’s grandfather Hélio Gracie and brought to the United States in the 1970s by Rener’s father Rorion, who settled in Southern California and supported himself working as a house cleaner, construction worker, and stunt coordinator until he’d hustled up enough money to open a gym. In the years since, Gracie-certified jiujitsu gyms have opened all over the world, with outlets everywhere from Minot, North Dakota, to Makati City, Philippines. The family-run business has also expanded to offer specialized programs for kids dealing with bullies and women’s self-defense, in addition to selling training books, DVDs, Gracie-branded apparel, and even juicers.

Mosquitoes choose their prey — you, perhaps — based on a combination of factors. But there's good news: Some things that might make you attractive to mosquitoes you can actually change. Scientific research has found evidence supporting several factors that encourage the insects to seek you out. These studies often involve different kinds of mosquitoes, however, so the things that attract them to you may vary depending on which species live nearby. And many of these studies are small, so keep in mind that these are preliminary hypotheses, not ironclad conclusions. Mosquitoes are known to transmit deadly diseases like Zika, malaria, yellow fever, dengue, Chikungunya, and West Nile virus. So even though the traits that attract the bugs aren't fully understood, it's wise to try to reduce your allure as much as you can. Here are some factors that scientists have found might make you irresistible to the pests: 1. Carbon dioxide This one is quite hard to avoid as your body naturally produces around 2.3 pounds of carbon dioxide a day, which is breathed out through your lungs. We all need to breathe, so don't think about holding your breath all day just to avoid a few mosquitoes. However, mosquitoes tend to prefer people who emit more than the standard levels of carbon dioxide. This is common among pregnant women and overweight people. 2. Lactic Acid This won't be good news for athletic types out there. Mosquitoes love the lactic acid that your body produces whilst working out. The acid is released via your sweat, making you a prime target, especially if you are hot and tired. Exercise is obviously important but perhaps going for a jog near a lake or wetlands isn't advisable. 3. Beer This news will be very disappointing for anyone who enjoys the occasional pint. Some studies have discovered that mosquitoes are attracted to beer drinkers. The Conversation points out that this is only relevant to one type of mosquito so you might not have to worry too much. It's good news for you sober individuals out there who don't have to worry either way. 4. Type O Blood Changing your blood isn't advisable but if you have Type O blood running through your veins try to remain vigilant. Research posted by the Journal of Medical Entomology found that mosquitoes were 83.3 percent more likely to land on type O carriers than type A carriers. Unfortunately, the NHS record that blood group O is the most common in the UK, belonging to 48 percent of the population. However, as with beer drinkers this line of thinking only appears to apply to one particular species of mosquito. 5. Genes There is also the belief that mosquitoes could be attracted to you because of your genetic make-up. Something in your DNA, passed down over generations could be behind mosquitoes fondness for you. An indicator of this could be if you have a bad reaction to a bite, such as the size of the bite or the intensity of the itchiness. 23 and Me report that people with similar genetics often shared these symptoms after being bitten. 6. Bacteria Here's some good news. If you have lots of different bacteria on your skin, mosquitoes will be less attracted to you. Although it might not seem particularly hygienic, the chemicals that build up your natural smell could act as a deterrent. A study posted on Plos showed that a group of people with a more diverse colony of bacteria were less likely to attract mosquitoes, than those with less. If you were to go down this route, you might not smell very nice, but at least you wouldn't be bitten. 7. Pregnancy In 2003, an experiment was conducted in eastern Sudan to see if mosquitoes were more attracted to pregnant women than non-pregnant women. The results, published on NCBI found out of the 18 women, the nine pregnant women attracted significantly more mosquitoes, especially ones that were carrying malaria. This could be because of raised temperature and how women's body odor changes during pregnancy, according to the Daily Mail. However, as with beer and type O blood, only one species of mosquito is attracted to pregnant women. Even so, if you are pregnant and live in an area with malaria carrying mosquitoes a bed net should always be used when sleeping. 8. Gender Interestingly, only female mosquitoes bite as the nutritional value of blood helps develop their eggs. They also seem to prefer to bite more men, but women are more badly affected by a bite. Females reportedly get bigger and itchy bites but men are more likely to be attacked. The New York Times report that due to men mostly having a larger body size, they are more likely to attract mosquitoes. Music: Mighty Mouse's Moon Shot by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/3eLFy0P https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hello-moon http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet

How the first cable was laid across the Atlantic. Until the first transatlantic cable was laid, the fastest communication between Europe and North America took at least a week. Halvor Moorshead describes the problems in linking the continents together. THE ONLY BATTLE OF the War of 1812 in which there were heavy casualties was the Battle of New Orleans, fought on 8 January 1815. It was a decisive victory for the US but there was one major problem: the Treaty of Ghent ending the war had been signed on 24 December 1814 -- about two weeks prior to the battle! Neither side was aware that the war was over. This was, of course, normal for the times. News could only travel as fast as the swiftest horse or the fastest sailing ship. At the time, news rarely reached North America from Europe in under two weeks. In the 1830s a number of experiments were being conducted in both the US and Britain on telegraphy, the early uses being confined to railroads. The first practical use however must be credited to Professor Samuel Morse, the inventor of Morse code, who sent a message via what was then known as magnetic telegraph from Baltimore to Washington. Thirty years later, history books were saying "no other invention has exercised a more beneficent influence on the welfare and happiness of the human race." After the first successful demonstration, telegraph lines were rapidly built all over Europe and North America, allowing messages to be sent virtually instantaneously. Crossing the water presented greater problems. The cable needed to be insulated and strong, technologies that were both in their infancy. The first major undersea link, connecting England to France, was not completed until 1851 after several failed attempts. The idea of a transatlantic cable was first proposed in 1845, only a year after the first practical demonstration, but the far greater distances and greater depths presented formidable problems. In 1856 the Atlantic Telegraph Company was registered with a capital of £350,000 (then about $1,400,000). On the American side Cyrus W. Field was the driving force; on the British side it was Charles Bright and brothers John and Jacob Brett. The manufacture of the cable started in early 1857 and was completed in June. Before the end of July it was stowed on the American Niagara and the British Agamemnon -- both naval vessels lent by their respective governments for the task. They started at Valentia Harbor in Ireland (which was by then connected to the rest of the British Isles) on 5 August. For the first few days, everything went well but six days later, due to a mistake made with the brake which limited the rate of descent, the cable snapped. Just 380 miles had been laid. The ships were forced to return to port. An extra 700 miles of cable was made for the second attempt which began on 25 June 1858. This time the same two ships met each other in mid-Atlantic where they joined their respective ends. The cable broke almost immediately. Again the two ships made another splice: this time they managed 40 miles before it broke again. The fourth time they had laid 146 miles before the cable was lost yet again. It was clear that this was not going to be easy! The two ships returned to Ireland but it was decided that, despite the loss of a considerable amount of cable, they still had enough for a further attempt. On 29 July they made their fifth attempt, again starting from the mid point. This time it worked! On 5 August 1858 both ships reached their destinations -- Valentia Harbor in Ireland and Trinity Bay in Newfoundland. The two continents were joined. On 16 August communication was established with the message "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth, peace, good will to men." Unfortunately the engineer in charge, Wildman Whitehouse, started by applying very high voltages rather than the very weak currents that had been tested during the cable laying. Within three weeks the damage inflicted on the cable by the high voltages was becoming apparent and it ceased to work. However, although we're now laying fiber optic cables rather than copper ones, the techniques in laying and protecting the cables are still remarkable similar. The same principles are in effect. The cable is still covered with helical steel wires to protect the central core, and breaks are found by testing the resistance of the metal inside to determine the length before there's a break. The major difference is the capacity. While the first few cables could only manage a few words per minute, modern submarine cables can transmit more like 84,000,000,000 words per second." Cable & Wireless Worldwide have plans to increase that further, with 100Gbit/s line systems expected to come online within the next 18 months -- 50,000 times greater per fiber than the first fiber optic cable that went live in 1988.

America Before Columbus Facts- There were no apples and peaches in America before Columbus arrived. The American horse died out at the end of the last Ice Age and came back with Spanish conquistadors. Settlers in the Americas claimed they could hardly navigate their boats because the water was so full of fish. The potato, native to South America, sparked a population explosion in Europe? The largest domesticated animal in the American continent was the llama. In 1491, natives did not know about the horse, cow, sheep or pig. In 1491, it's possible that Europe and the Americas had similar populations. In 1491, portions of the Amazon rainforest contained well-settled farming communities. The barren Chaco Canyon once was covered with vegetation. Because of the European honeybee, European plants flourished in the New World. Weeds like clover and dandelion were brought to America by Europeans. The turkey, domesticated by the Aztec, did not exist in Europe in 1491. The first settlers made their living with the timber and fish they sold to Europe. No one wanted to join on Columbus first voyage. Passenger pigeons used to travel in the millions, so much that settlers had to run for cover or they would be covered in excrement. History books traditionally depict the pre-Columbus Americas as a pristine wilderness where small native villages lived in harmony with nature. But scientific evidence tells a very different story: When Columbus stepped ashore in 1492, millions of people were already living there. Columbus found Cuba, though a few years later the sea explorer Amerigo Vespucci found the continent of (south) America. After Amerigo puplished his exploring finds, Martin Waldseemüller dubbed the new continent America; after the Italian explorer. America wasn’t exactly a “New World,” but a very old one whose inhabitants had built a vast infrastructure of cities, orchards, canals and causeways.

Music: Kaddish (Angelic Instrumental) by Dhruva Aliman - Amazon- https://amzn.to/3dgKA52 - https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 - Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet - The origins of ‘proto-writing’ can be traced back to Ice Age cave art, but full writing – defined as ‘a system of graphic symbols that can be used to convey any and all thought’ – is the invention of a complex, bureaucratic civilization. Theories abound on the origins of writing, but the first step on the journey is thought to have begun in the 9th millennium BC with the beginnings of agriculture. Numerous clay tokens have been found on excavations in the Middle East dating to this period, and these have been interpreted as counting devices, so that one coin shaped token carved with a cross would equal one sheep. By the second half of the 4th millennium BC these tokens were enveloped by clay ‘bullae’ (Latin for ‘bubble’) on which symbols representing the contents were scratched. As trade developed, clay tokens and bullae were eventually replaced with flat tablets, as three-dimensional tokens began to be substituted by two-dimensional symbols. This system was simplified and refined so that by around 3000 BC, the scribes abbreviated their scratching’s to bring not just the idea of an object to mind, but also the sounds of the words. The Five Oldest Written Languages- 1. Sumerian When: c.3400 – 1 AD Where: Southern Mesopotamia Sumerian is the oldest attested written language. It was used by the people of Sumer in Southern Mesopotamia and is an isolate language, which means it’s not related to any other existing language. Sumerian continued to be used in written documents, usually in legal and administrative contexts, well after the spoken language was taken over by Akkadian, the date of which is still debated today. 2. Egyptian Hieroglyphics When: 3200 BC – 400 AD Where: Egypt The symbols used in Hieroglyphics represented objects that actually existed in Ancient Egyptian life, with sentences for example composed from symbols for plants, body parts and birds. The key to their translation was the discovery of the Rosetta stone in 1799 (see the main image above) which has the same message inscribed in Hieroglyphics, Egyptian Demotic and Greek. 3. Akkadian When: 2500 BC – 1st C AD Where: Mesopotamia Akkadian is a Semitic language, which originated in northern Mesopotamia and in time spread to encompass the whole country, finally taking over from Sumerian. The cuneiform script it uses was adapted from Sumerian script, resulting in many borrowed words and lexical merging. It developed into the lingu franca of the Ancient Near East but began to be replaced by Aramaic in the 8th century BC. 4. Eblaite When: c. 2400 BC – 550 BC Where: Ebla (modern western Syria) Eblaite is very similar to Akkadian and also written using cuneiform script. Some scholars believe it may in fact be a dialect of Akkadian, whereas others argue it is a separate ‘sister’ language. In the past it has sometimes been defined as an archaic Akkadian dialect but is now widely agreed to be a stand-alone member of the East Semitic language group. It is known from 15, 000 tablets found mostly at the city of Ebla. 5. Elamite When: ca. 2300 – 331 BC Where: Modern day Iran Elamite is also an isolate language and its interpretation is difficult. Its script was adapted from Akkadian and contains 130 symbols, fewer than most other scripts. The Elamite kingdom was the most influential kingdom to the east of Mesopotamia, until the arrival of the First Persian Empire in the 5th century BC. Top 7 oldest languages still used today - Scientists confirmed that no language can exist if there is less than 100,000 people speak it. Do you know that there are 10 languages die out each year? It is not an uncommon problem anymore because there are 30,000 languages existing and disappearing. Surprisingly, there are still a few of them lasting more than 2,000 years. See Below- TAMIL (தமிழ்) Tamil scripts can be found when we visit some of the oldest temples in rock sculptures, potsherds, and monuments built by the historical rulers around 3rd century BC – 3rd century AD. SANSKRIT Sanskrit is an Old Indo-Aryan language, exists at least 6,000 years old and to be considered as the language of the Gods. LITHUANIAN (Lietuvos) Lithuanian is known as the oldest surviving Indo-European language. I PERSIAN (فارسی) Persian language, also called Farsi, belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language. ICELANDIC Icelandic language is formed in the 9th century and is mostly spoken by the Nordic people. MACEDONIAN (македонски) Ancient Macedonian was spoken during the 1st millennium BC and gradually disappeared during the 4th century BC. FINNISH (Suomi) Not like Germanic, Celtic, Romance and Slavic language, Finnish does not belong to Indo-European, but Finno-Uralic language family instead.