Deus Meum Que Jus

This video presents the over 7-hours of footage captured by Kurt Sonnenfeld at Ground Zero in the immediate wake of the events of September 11th, 2001. As a videographer for the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Sonnenfeld was granted unparalleled access to document the aftermath and the early stages of recovery. Within this footage, viewers will find an unvarnished chronicle of the events on the ground, from the extent of the devastation to the resilience of the first responders. It stands as an enduring record of a pivotal moment in history. The events of 9/11 have been extensively examined, leading to myriad interpretations and beliefs. This footage is presented as an historical artifact, granting viewers an intimate perspective of that day. As you watch, consider this as a contribution to the broader mosaic of understanding surrounding the events of 9/11. In solemn remembrance, of the nearly 3,000 people who lost their lives on September 11th, 2001. -FDNY's 343 heroes made the ultimate sacrifice at the World Trade Center. -60 gallant police officers met their fate: 37 from the PAPD and 23 from the NYPD. -8 dedicated EMS workers from New York City's Fire Department gave their lives in service. -37 Port Authority civilian employees were lost in the attacks. -2 FBI & Secret Service agents were killed during the rescue efforts. -2,753 individuals met their end at the World Trade Center. -The Pentagon mourned 125. 246 souls on the four ill-fated flights were lost. -American Airlines Flight 11: 92 onboard -United Airlines Flight 175: 65 onboard -American Airlines Flight 77: 64 onboard -United Airlines Flight 93: 44 onboard, this flight ended in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Apart from the firefighters, police officers, EMS workers, and civilians already mentioned, here are a few other groups affected: A few court officers died during the rescue efforts. There were also non-FDNY EMS workers and paramedics from private hospitals who responded and lost their lives. Both the World Trade Center and Pentagon had security and maintenance personnel, some of whom lost their lives while helping others. Some journalists covering the event near the site also faced peril, though exact numbers can vary. To honor our collective memory and ensure it remains undiminished, I present this video. For the most current and accurate figures regarding the post-9/11 health-related fatalities of first responders, please refer to the World Trade Center Health Program (WTCHP) and the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund (VCF). These organizations provide dedicated tracking and support for those affected by the tragic events of September 11, 2001. I encourage you to visit their official websites to stay informed and to support the ongoing care and commemoration of our brave first responders. https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/ https://www.vcf.gov/ Never Forget

On September 11, 2001, Alex Jones delved into the day's harrowing events during his radio broadcast. Amidst the chaos, he amplified the anxieties of an already concerned public by voicing apprehensions about potential civil unrest, potential invasions, and even hinting at a civil war in the wake of the attacks. Jones further stoked fears by falsely claiming that an airport had been destroyed and suggesting that several airplanes were shot down when, in fact, they were not. His assertions gave the impression of additional planes being involved, adding to the day's confusion. Disturbingly, Jones also used his platform to urge listeners to arm themselves and organize, seemingly attempting to incite further unrest. This was not an isolated incident; Jones had previously used similar tactics during the Y2K scare and again leading up to January 6th events. Throughout the 9/11 program, Jones welcomed callers to voice their perspectives, even if they were based on uncorroborated hearsay or rumors. This approach starkly deviated from conventional journalistic standards. Notably, even Joe Rogan, when calling into the show, pointed out Jones's irresponsibility in his coverage.

Links: https://ia802703.us.archive.org/32/items/cia-manual-trickery-deception-2009/cia-manual-trickery-deception-2009.pdf https://archive.org/details/mkultra-recognition-signals-john-mulholland Step right up, ladies and gentlemen, and behold the unparalleled fusion of espionage and enchantment! Dive deep into a world where the mystique of the CIA mingles with theatrical flair in this enthralling audiobook rendition of the 'CIA Manual of Trickery and Deception'. Beyond the limelight, the covert tactics of spycraft elegantly waltzed with the wonders of stage magic, drawing from the prowess of legends like Houdini. This grand performance offers insights into the very essence of 'The Art of Deception', the 'Surreptitious Removal of Objects', specialized techniques in the 'Art of Deception for Women', and the orchestrated dance of 'Working as a Team' alongside the subtle cues of 'Recognition Signals'. Now, without any further distractions or sideshows, immerse yourself in this grand tent of secrets, and unveil the hidden intersections of magic and intelligence work!" The Official CIA Manual of Trickery and Deception by: H. Keith Melton and Robert Wallace Contents: Acknowledgments: Foreword by John McLaughlin: Introduction: The Legacy of MKULTRA and the Missing Magic Manuals: Some Operational Applications of The Art of Deception: I. Introduction and General Comments on The Art of Deception: II. Handling of Tablets: III. Handling of Powders: IV. Handling of Liquids: V. Surreptitious Removal of Objects: VI. Special Aspects of Deception for Women: VII. Surreptitious Removal of Objects by Women: VIII. Working as a Team: Recognition Signals: About the Authors: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is unlikely that either John Mulholland or Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, the CIA officer who authorized the creation of “Some Operational Applications of the Art of Deception” and “Recognition Signals,” ever anticipated their manuals would become available to anyone without security clearances. Both men understood that their respective professions, as magician or CIA officer, required oaths of secrecy. The magician’s oath states: "As a magician I promise never to reveal the secret of any illusion to a non magician, unless that one swears to uphold the Magician’s Oath in turn. I promise never to perform any illusion for any non-magician without first practicing the effect until I can perform it well enough to maintain the illusion of magic.". Members of the magic community disavow anyone seen as betraying this oath, but also recognize the necessity to expose secrets of their craft responsibly to students and others desirous of learning magic. In his 2003 book, Hiding the Elephant: How Magicians Invented the Impossible and Learned to Disappear, illusionist and author Jim Steinmeyer addressed the conundrum faced by those seeking to write about magic, yet still preserve its mysteries: In order to understand how Houdini hid his elephant, we’re going to have to explain a few secrets. We’ll have to violate that sacred magician’s oath. In the process, I promise that there will be a few disappointments and more than a few astonishments. But to appreciate magic as an art, you’ll have to understand not only the baldest deceptions, but also the subtlest techniques. You’ll have to learn to think like a magician. In his popular general market book of 1963, Mulholland on Magic, the skilled practitioner himself revealed many of the principles of magic that a decade earlier had been included in his operational manuscript for the CIA. The real secret that Gottlieb and Mulholland sought to preserve, however, was not of specific tricks, but that professional intelligence officers, not just performing magicians, would be acquiring the necessary knowledge to apply the craft to the world of espionage. In a sense, this book is the result of two historical accidents. The first “accident” is that of the thousands of pages of research conducted under the CIA’s decade-long MKULTRA program, to our knowledge, only two major research studies—Mulholland’s manuals—survived CIA Director Richard Helm’s order in 1973 to destroy all MKULTRA documents. Mulholland’s manuals are a rare piece of historical evidence that the CIA, in the 1950s, through MKULTRA, sought to understand and acquire unorthodox capabilities for potential use against the Soviet adversary and the worldwide Communist threat. The manuals and other declassified MKULTRA administrative materials further reveal that many of America’s leading scientists and private institutions willingly participated in secret programs they agreed were critical to the nation’s security. The second “accident” was the authors’ discovery of the long-lost CIA manuals while conducting unrelated research in 2007. Although portions of the manuals had been previously described, referenced, or printed in part, we were unaware of the existence of a copy of the complete declassified work along with the original drawings and illustrations. Notable public references to the Mulholland manuals were made by magician-historian Michael Edwards in a 2001 article, “The Sphinx & the Spy: The Clandestine World of John Mulholland,” in Genii: The Conjurors’ Magazine, April 2001, a partial reproduction of Mulholland’s first manual in Genii, vol. 66 no. 8, August 2003, and Ben Robinson’s MagiCIAn: John Mulholland’s Secret Life, Lybrary.com, 2008. Neither the CIA’s library, nor its Historical Intelligence Collection, contained a copy of Mulholland’s manuals. When retrieved by the authors, the manuals’ text was legible, but the poor quality of photocopied pages of Mulholland’s accompanying illustrations, drawings, and photographs required careful study to understand his original intent. To enhance the manuals’ readability, corrections to grammar, punctuation, and related errors that do not alter the substance of the original material have been made. We are indebted to our HarperCollins editor, Stephanie Meyers, for recommending Phil Franke as the illustrator, who has re-created the style and precision of the original images. The reader will find Phil’s mastery of capturing human hand and arm movements, which are central to Mulholland’s explanation of his tricks, to be superb art. From the first day we mentioned this project, Daniel Mandel, our agent at Sanford J. Greenburger and Associates, was an enthusiastic promoter. We are deeply appreciative for the personal interest in the subject by Steve Ross, then at HarperCollins, and his actions in making the project possible. Stephanie Meyers provided excellent suggestions and guidance in constructing the overall work and seeing it through to publication. The HarperCollins graphic design team has created a distinctive cover that reflects the historical look and significance of the material. While researching, writing, and rewriting the book, we received the daily good spirited assistance of Mary Margaret Wallace in typing and editing drafts that bounced back and forth between the authors. Consistent encouragement and well-placed suggestions and criticisms from Hayden Peake and Peter Earnest substantially improved our initial drafts. Tony and Jonna Mendez offered perspectives from their experiences that enabled us to translate many of the elements of magic from theory to practice. Additional appreciation is owed to Jerry Richards, Dan Mulvenna, Nigel West, Michael Hasco, David Kahn, and Brian Latell, as well as Ben, Bill, and Paul for their insights and contributions. Susan Rowen served as our “hand model” and kept our spirits roused as the authors re-created each of Mulholland’s original photographs as references for artist Phil Franke. John McLaughlin, former deputy director and acting director of the CIA, reviewed the manuscript to validate our use of magic terminology, as well as contributing the book’s preface and administering the “magician’s oath” to the authors. John is an accomplished amateur magician and, by virtue of his distinguished career at the CIA, is uniquely qualified to understand the rich overlap between the tradecraft of the intelligence officer and the magician. As a senior research fellow and lecturer at Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C., he often begins presentations on strategic deception with demonstrations from his repertoire of magic tricks. FOREWORD: by: John McLaughlin - Former Deputy Director, Central Intelligence: This is a book about an extraordinary American magician and the way his life intersected with American intelligence at a pivotal moment in its early history. John Mulholland was never a household word, like the world famous escapologist Houdini or, more recently, the illusionist David Copperfield. But among professional magicians from the 1930s to the 1950s, he was seen as the very model of what a magician should be—urbane, highly skilled, inventive, and prolific. He was very successful professionally, entertaining mostly in New York City society circles. He published widely on magic, both for the general public and for the inner circle of magicians who subscribed to the professional journal he edited for decades, The Sphinx. His impact on the art of magic was enormous. Mulholland’s 1932 book, Quicker Than the Eye, was one of the first books I stumbled on as a magic-struck boy combing the public library in the 1950s. I fondly remember being transported by an author who seemed to have traveled the world and witnessed marvelous things I could only imagine. That’s what fascinated me about Mulholland then. As a lifelong amateur magician who spent a career in American intelligence, what fascinates me about Mulholland today is the way the story told here resonates with something I came to conclude in the course of my professional life: that magic and espionage are really kindred arts. The manual that Mulholland wrote for the Central Intelligence Agency and that is reproduced here sought to apply to some aspects of espionage the techniques of stealth and misdirection used by the professional conjuror. Many may ask what these two fields have to do with each other. But a cursory look at what intelligence officers do illustrates the convergence. Just as a magician’s methods must elude detection in front of a closely attentive audience, so an intelligence officer doing espionage work must elude close surveillance and pass messages and materiel without detection. In another part of the profession, analysts must be as familiar as magicians with methods of deception, because analysts are almost always working with incomplete information and in circumstances where an adversary is seeking to mislead them—or in the magician’s term, misdirect them. Counterintelligence officers—people who specialize in catching spies—work in a part of the profession so labyrinthine that it is often referred to as a “wilderness of mirrors”—a phrase, of course, with magical overtones. Finally, there are the covert-action specialists. In any intelligence service, these are the officers who seek at the direction of their national leaders to affect events or perceptions overseas, especially during wartime. Principles of misdirection familiar to magicians were evident in many of the great British covert operations of World War II— such as deceiving Hitler into thinking the 1943 Allied invasion from North Africa would target Greece rather than its true target, Sicily. This was the conjuror’s stage management applied to a continent-sized theater. The manual Mulholland produced for the CIA does not read the way a book for experienced magicians would read. He is clearly addressing an amateur audience and takes care to explain things in the simplest of terms. Yet he draws on the underlying principles of magic to explain how intelligence officers could avoid detection in the midst of various clandestine acts. A case can be made that Mulholland’s instruction influenced the more mundane aspects of espionage tradecraft—how to surreptitiously acquire and conceal various materials, for example. As best we know, however, the methods he designed for more aggressive actions—clandestinely delivering pills and powders into an adversary’s drink, for example—were never actually used. The fact that he was asked to contemplate such things is emblematic of a unique moment in American history. American leaders during the early Cold War felt the nation existentially threatened by an adversary who appeared to have no scruples. Mulholland’s writing on delivery of pills, potions, and powders was just one example of research carried out back then in fields as diverse as brainwashing and paranormal psychology. Many such efforts that seem bizarre today are understandable only in the context of those times—the formative years of the Cold War. These were also the formative years for the American intelligence community. It is important to remember that this was a very new field for the United States. Most other countries had long before integrated espionage into the national security tool kit; the Chinese strategist Sun Tsu had written about it in sophisticated terms in the sixth century B.C., and older countries such as Britain, Russia, and France had been at it for centuries. While the United States had used intelligence episodically, it was not organized at a national-level effort until 1947, and our young country struggles still today with its proper place in our national security strategy. I doubt many intelligence officers today would recognize John Mulholland’s name. But the essence of his contribution had little to do with notoriety or fame. It was, in effect, to help the nation’s early intelligence officers think like magicians. Given the close kinship between these two ancient arts, that was a significant contribution indeed and one that continues—in stealthy ways that Mulholland would probably admire—to this very day. INTRODUCTION: The Legacy of MKULTRA and the Missing Magic Manuals Magic and Intelligence are really kindred arts. -JOHN MCLAUGHLIN, FORMER DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE In 2007, the authors discovered a long-lost CIA file, once classified top secret, which revealed extraordinary details of the agency’s connection to the world of magic decades earlier. The documents, part of project MKULTRA, shed light on a fascinating and littleknown operation—the employment of John Mulholland as the CIA’s first magician. An accomplished author and America’s most respected conjurer of his day, Mulholland authored two illustrated manuals for teaching CIA field officers how to integrate elements of the magician’s craft into clandestine operations. Due, in part, to the extraordinary levels of secrecy surrounding MKULTRA, the manuals were considered too sensitive to be distributed widely and all copies were believed to have been destroyed in 1973. Nearly fifty years after they were written, rumors of the existence of a long-lost copy of the “magic” manuals continued to fly through the corridors at Langley, but many intelligence officers thought they were a myth.2 To understand the CIA’s first magician, and how his remarkable manuals came to be, it is necessary to recall one of the most dangerous periods in U.S. history. With its establishment in July 1947, the CIA received two primary missions—prevent surprise foreign attacks against the United States and counter the advance of Soviet communism into Europe and third-world nations. Officers of “the Agency,” as the CIA became known, would be on the front lines of the Cold War for four tense decades fueled by nuclear stalemate, incompatible ideologies, and a Soviet government obsessed with secrecy. At home, the USSR’s security and intelligence organizations, the KGB and its predecessors, cowed the internal population, and abroad they attempted to undermine foreign governments aligned with the West. The Soviet Union’s successful testing of a nuclear weapon in 1949 caught the United States by surprise and created two nuclear powers competing in an international atmosphere of fear and uncertainty. President Eisenhower received a startling top secret report in 1954 from a commission headed by retired general James H. Doolittle that concluded, “If the U.S. is to survive, long-standing American concepts of ‘fair play’ must be reconsidered. We must learn to subvert, sabotage, and destroy our enemies by cleverer, more sophisticated, and more effective methods than those used against us. It may become necessary that the American people become acquainted with, understand, and support this fundamentally repugnant philosophy.” The report affirmed a threat to the Western democracies from Soviet-sponsored aggression and called for an American offensive and defensive intelligence posture unlike anything previously authorized in peacetime. As a result, the CIA’s covert-action role expanded from Europe into the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and the Far East. Reflecting on those years more than half a century later, former U.S. secretary of state Henry Kissinger asserted that during the decade of the 1950s only the United States stood between Soviet-led communism and world freedom. The CIA had been engaged in covert programs since its creation and in 1951 formed a special unit, the Technical Services Staff (TSS), to exploit advances in U.S. technology in support of espionage operations. One of TSS’s first employees was Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, whose degree in chemistry from the California Institute of Technology made him a logical choice to head the handful of chemists in the staff. Initially the chemistry branch created and tested formulas, or “special inks,” for secret writing that enabled CIA spies to embed invisible messages in otherwise innocuous correspondence.5 To conceal the liquid “disappearing inks,” TSS reformulated the liquids into a solid form that looked like aspirin tablets and repackaged the tablets in pill bottles that would pass unnoticed in an agent’s medicine cabinet. When a spy had information to convey, he would dissolve the tablet in water or alcohol to reconstitute the ink for his secret message. TSS supported other activities of the Agency as well: forging travel and identity documents for agents who worked under alias names, printing propaganda leaflets, installing clandestine microphones and cameras, and building concealments for spy equipment in furniture, briefcases, and clothing. To those uninitiated in the craft of espionage, the secretive work of the TSS scientists and engineers at times appeared to accomplish the impossible. In reality, this handful of CIA scientists was demonstrating the third law of prediction advanced by science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke: “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, Chief, CIA Technical Services Division, 1966–1973. Dr. Gottlieb and his chemists expanded their research during 1953 to counter another unanticipated Soviet threat. The three-year-long Korean War had stalemated and the alliance of North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union seemed on the road to mastering the art of “mind control.” Such a capability could render soldiers, and possibly entire populations, vulnerable to Communist propaganda and influence. Reports reached the CIA about Soviet clandestine successes with mind control and newly discovered capabilities to brainwash, recruit, and operate agents with the aid of drugs. Mind control appeared to allow the Communists, using a combination of psychological techniques and newly developed pharmacological compounds, to remotely alter a subject’s mental capacities and control his “free will.”8 Despite limited research on similar topics during World War II and the early 1950s, the science underlying the reported Soviet successes remained a mystery. America needed to understand the scientific basis of mind control and develop safeguards and, if necessary, applications for its own use. In March 1953, Allen Dulles, Director of Central Intelligence, entrusted the thirtyfour-year-old Gottlieb with one of America’s most secret and sensitive Cold War programs, code-named MKULTRA. Dulles authorized TSS and Dr. Gottlieb’s chemical staff to begin work on multiple projects for “research and development of chemical, biological, and radiological materials capable of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior.” MKULTRA eventually encompassed 149 subprojects and remained one of the CIA’s most carefully guarded secrets for over twenty years. Its projects aimed to understand how drugs and alcohol altered human behavior and to protect American assets from Soviet psychological or psychopharmaceutical manipulation. The research included clandestine acquisition of drugs, clinical testing on and experimentation with humans, some of whom were unaware of said testing, and grant proposals and contracts with hospitals, companies, and individuals. The scientists investigated topics ranging from concocting truth serums to developing a humane way to incapacitate guard dogs using a powerful tranquilizer mixed into ground beef. Several projects involved research on little-understood mind-altering drugs such as LSD and marijuana. In the end, the research produced an assortment of potential offensive capabilities involving incapacitating, lethal, and untraceable toxins. However, the absence of scientific data in the early 1950s about the effective and safe dosage levels of the new drugs, including LSD, presented a problem for the MKULTRA researchers. As a result, Gottlieb and members of his team performed experiments on themselves that included ingesting drugs and observing and recording their own reactions. In late 1953, an early LSD experiment involving several government scientists went horribly bad. “Hush puppy” pills contained a harmless tranquilizer, which was mixed with ground beef and fed to the dog. To avoid suspicion, adrenaline-filled syrettes would reawaken the dog when the mission was concluded. Dr. Frank Olson was working at the U.S. Army Special Operations Division (SOD) biological weapons facility at Ft. Detrick, Maryland, and assisting the CIA on MKULTRA projects. Along with half a dozen other scientists, he volunteered to attend a retreat during mid-November 1953 at the remote Deep Creek Lodge in western Maryland, organized by Gottlieb. Together with seven other researchers from TSS and Ft. Detrick, Olson was served Cointreau liqueur that had secretly been spiked with seventy micrograms of LSD. After thirty minutes, the participants were told of the LSD and alerted to begin studying their reactions. Most reported little effect, but Olson had a “bad trip” that night. As his condition worsened in the following days, Gottlieb’s deputy, Dr. Robert Lashbrook, escorted him to New York City for psychiatric counseling. This attention and treatment seemed to calm Olson temporarily, but later that evening on November 24, 1953, he jumped to his death from a tenth-floor window of his New York hotel room. CIA executives, seeking to protect the secrecy of the MKULTRA program, did not fully reveal the circumstances of Olson’s death to his family. No other fatalities from the MKULTRA experiments occurred, but two decades passed before Olson’s widow received a delayed apology from President Gerald Ford and a financial settlement from the U.S. government. Soviet intelligence in the 1950s, however, was less averse to death, either from accident or from assassination. Nikita Khrushchev, the successor to dictator Joseph Stalin, continued the existing policy of “special actions” as a central tool for dealing with the leaders of anti Soviet émigré groups. The first target of the post-Stalinist era, Ukrainian nationalist Georgi Okolovich, was spared when the assassin, KGB officer Nikolai Khokhlov, confessed the plot to his victim and defected to the CIA. On April 20, 1954, Khokhlov gave a dramatic press conference and revealed both the assassination plot and his exotic weapon to the world. The execution device was an electrically operated gun and silencer hidden inside a cigarette pack that shot cyanide-tipped bullets. This failure was followed soon thereafter by the successful assassinations of Ukrainian leaders Lev Rebet in 1957 and Stephen Bandera in 1959. Both were killed by KGB assassin Bogdan Stashinsky, who defected in 1961 and revealed that he had disposed of his weapon, a cyanide gas gun concealed in a rolled-up newspaper, in a canal near Bandera’s residence in Munich, Germany. An analysis of the KGB cigarette-pack gun and Stashinsky’s cyanide weapon, recovered from the canal, stimulated accelerated U.S. efforts to create comparable weaponry for the United States. The Nondiscernible Bioinoculator. From the beginning of MKULTRA, CIA scientists researched lethal chemical and biological substances, as well as “truth serums” and hallucinogens, as they continued work begun in the Office of Strategic Services during World War II. Under a joint project code-named MKNAOMI, TSS and the SOD cooperated on development of ingenious weapons and exotic poisons. One Army-produced handgun, called the “nondiscernible bioinoculator,” resembled a .45-caliber Colt pistol that, fitted with a telescopic sight and detachable shoulder stock, fired a toxin-tipped dart silently and accurately up to 250 feet. The dart was so small—slightly wider than a human hair—it was nearly undetectable and left no traces in the target’s body during an autopsy. Other dart-firing launchers were developed and concealed inside fountain pens, walking canes, and umbrellas. A toothpaste tube used as concealment for the CIA STINGER, a small .22-caliber singleshot firing device. Research was also conducted on a variety of exotic poisons including shellfish toxins, cobra venom, botulinium, and crocodile bile.21 Under the MKULTRA program, the CIA stockpiled eight different lethal substances and another twenty-seven temporary incapacitates either for specific operations or as on-the-shelf capabilities for possible future use. In one example, a tube of poison-laced toothpaste was prepared for insertion into the toiletry kit of President Patrice Lumumba in 1960. However, the CIA office chief in Leopoldville, Larry Devlin, rejected the plan and tossed the tube into the nearby river. About the same time, CIA treated a handkerchief with an incapacitating agent, brucellosis, to be sent to a targeted Iraqi colonel, 24 but the man was shot by a firing squad before the handkerchief ever arrived. Illustration of original vials of lethal shellfish toxin created for MKULTRA. Perhaps some of the most creative and almost whimsical CIA plots considered in the early 1960s were part of Operation Mongoose, meant to discredit or assassinate Cuban leader Fidel Castro using an assortment of incapacitating and deadly paraphernalia. The CIA considered modifying various devices for assassinating Castro. HALLUCINOGENIC SPRAYS AND CIGARS: One bioorganic chemist proposed spraying LSD inside Castro’s broadcasting studio in Havana to cause him to hallucinate. Since Castro famously smoked cigars, another idea suggested impregnating Castro’s cigars with a special chemical to produce temporary disorientation during his rambling speeches during their live broadcast to the Cuban people. CONTAMINATED BOOTS: When Castro traveled abroad, he often left his boots outside the hotel room door at night to be shined. CIA considered dusting the insides of the boots with thallium salts, a strong depilatory, which would cause his beard to fall out. The chemical was procured and tested successfully on animals, but the plan scrapped when Castro canceled the targeted trip. DEPILATORY, POISONED, AND EXPLODING CIGARS: Similar to the dusted-boot concept, Castro’s cigars could be treated with a powerful depilatory, causing loss of beard and corresponding damage to his “macho” image. A special box of cigars was to be provided for Castro during an appearance on David Susskind’s television talk show. However, after a senior CIA officer questioned how the operation could ensure that only Castro would smoke the cigars, the idea was abandoned. In another attempt, a Cuban double agent was recruited to offer Castro a cigar treated with botulin, a deadly toxin that would cause death within seconds. The cigars were passed to the agent in February 1961, but he failed to carry out the plan. Cuban security officials eventually created a private cigar brand, the Cohiba, exclusively for Castro, to safeguard his supply against future assassination attempts. A third concept involved planting a box of exploding cigars at a place where Castro would visit during a trip to the United Nations and “blow his head off.” The plan was not carried out. In addition to cigars, Castro enjoyed Cuba’s oceans and beaches, which offered an operational venue for: EXPLODING SEASHELLS: TSD was asked in 1963 to construct a seashell filled with explosives. This device was to be planted near Cuba’s Veradero Beach, a place where Castro commonly went skin diving. CIA discarded the idea as impractical when it failed an operational review. CONTAMINATED DIVING SUIT: A proposal was made for an intermediary to present Castro with a diving suit and breathing apparatus contaminated with tubercle bacillus (tuberculosis germ).34 CIA obtained a diving suit and dusted it to produce Madura foot, a chronic skin disease. The plan failed when the intermediary chose to present a different diving suit. POISONED PEN: About the same time that President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas—November 22, 1963—a CIA officer met secretly with Rolando Cubela, a Cuban agent in Paris, and offered a poisoned pen to kill Castro. The device, a Paper Mate ballpoint, was modified to conceal a small hypodermic syringe for injecting Blackleaf-40 poison. Even the slightest prick would result in a certain death, though the agent would have time to escape before the effects were noticed. After learning of Kennedy’s death, however, Cubela reconsidered the plan and disposed of the pen prior to returning to Cuba. A decade later, in 1976, American policy governing lethal actions against foreign leaders was formalized when President Ford issued Executive Order 11905 prohibiting political assassinations. A hypodermic syringe was concealed inside this modified Paper Mate pen for an operation to assassinate Castro. From the earliest days of MKULTRA, Dr. Sidney Gottlieb recognized that CIA’s drugs and chemicals, regardless of their ultimate purpose, would be operationally useless unless field officers and agents could covertly administer them. During the same month MKULTRA was authorized, April 1953, Gottlieb contacted John Mulholland, then fiftyfive years old and one of America’s most respected magicians. Mulholland was an expert in sleight of hand or “close-up” magic, a style of conjuring that appealed to Gottlieb because it was performed only a few feet from the audience. Further, sleight-of-hand illusions required no elaborate props for support. If Mulholland could deceive a suspecting audience who was studying his every move in close proximity, it should be possible to use similar tricks for secretly administering a pill or potion to an unsuspecting target. To do so, CIA field officers would need to be taught to perform their own tricks and John Mulholland, the author of several books about performing magic, appeared to be the ideal instructor. When approached, Mulholland soon agreed to develop a “spy manual” for Gottlieb describing “the various aspects of the magician’s art,” which might be useful in covert operations. The instructions would provide information enabling a field case officer “to develop the skills to surreptitiously place a pill or other substance in drink or food to be consumed by a target.” Mulholland accepted $3,000 to write the manual and the CIA approved the expense as MKULTRA Subproject Number 4 on May 4, 1953. John Mulholland—world-renowned magician, “Deception that is art.” As part of the broader top-secret MKULTRA program, confidentiality regarding the CIA-Mulholland relationship and possible operational use of the techniques of magic was essential. Multiple layers of security included a formal secrecy agreement with Mulholland, “sterile” correspondence using alias names, cover companies, and nonattributable post office boxes. CIA used various covers for Dr. Gottlieb. Initially he communicated with Mulholland as Sherman C. Grifford of Chemrophyl Associates through a numbered post office box in Washington, D.C. Subsequently the P.O. box number changed, as did the cover name, to Samuel A. Granger, president of the notional Granger Research Company. As an added measure, Mulholland’s writing contained no reference to the CIA or clandestine operations. Field case officers were called “performers” or “tricksters” and the covert acts referred to as “tricks.” Mulholland pledged never to divulge, publish, or reveal the information, methods, or persons involved.44 Information compartmentation practices at the time make it unlikely that Mulholland was told about any of the other MKULTRA subprojects and there is no evidence that Mulholland designed the sleight-of-hand tricks for any specific operation. By the winter of 1954, the manuscript, titled “Some Operational Applications of the Art of Deception,” was complete.45 Gottlieb, apparently pleased with the effort, then saw another area for the magician’s skills: the CIA needed new methods for secret communication between officers and spies. Gottlieb invited Mulholland to suggest how the CIA might appropriate “techniques and principles employed by ‘magicians,’ ‘mind readers’ etc. to communicate information, and the development of new [nonelectrical communication] techniques.” For this new assignment, Mulholland produced another, but much shorter manual titled “Recognition Signals.” John Mulholland’s stationery from 1953 to 1958. In 1956, Gottlieb again expanded John Mulholland’s role as a consultant to consider “the application of the magician’s techniques to clandestine operations, such techniques to include surreptitious delivery of materials, deceptive movements and actions to cover normally prohibited activities, influencing choices and perceptions of other persons, various forms of disguise; covert signaling systems, etc.” Mulholland’s work for TSS continued until 1958, when his failing health from constant smoking and advancing arthritis limited his ability to travel and consult. Mulholland’s manuscripts, “Some Operational Applications of the Art of Deception” and “Recognition Signals,” are among the few remaining documents to reveal MKULTRA’s research. Virtually all of the program’s reports and operational files on the “research and development of chemical, biological, and radiological materials capable of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior” were ordered destroyed by DCI Richard Helms in 1973, ten years after most of the research had ended. According to a CIA officer in the 1970s, the Mulholland manual(s) “is the only product of MKULTRA known to have escaped destruction.”50 Gottlieb, MKULTRA’s principal officer, had written in 1964, “It has become increasingly obvious over the last several years that the general area [of biological and chemical control of human behavior] had less and less relevance to current complex operations. On the scientific side these materials and techniques are too unpredictable in their effect on individual human beings to be operationally useful.” But the destruction of the MKULTRA documents would itself become a problem for the Agency. In the wake of New York Times articles alleging CIA abuses and misconduct related to domestic spying in December 1974, a U.S. Senate Committee, headed by Senator Frank Church, launched an investigation. One sensational revelation from the hearings involved the discovery of nonoperational MKULTRA financial and administrative documents that had escaped destruction two years earlier. Senate scrutiny of the files revealed that drug experiments with provocative names such as Operation Midnight Climax had been run from CIA safe houses in California and New York. These experiments observed the effects of LSD on unwitting individuals or “clients” who were lured to the safe houses by prostitutes. Their reactions to drugs were surreptitiously monitored from behind one-way mirrors to judge the effectiveness of LSD, “truth serums,” and other mind-control substances. Although he had been retired for two years, Gottlieb was called as a witness by the Senate committee and questioned for four consecutive days in October 1975. The questioning concentrated on the drug experiments and Gottlieb apparently was not asked about the John Mulholland contract. Subsequently, following months of investigative work and thousands of hours of testimony, the Church Committee cited the CIA for a failure of “command and control” for only two drug experimentation projects including the 1953 event that had resulted in the death of Dr. Olson. The committee then concluded that none of the officers conducting MKULTRA had undertaken or participated in illegal or criminal activities. An Operation Midnight Climax researcher monitors the hotel room from behind a one-way mirror to secretly photograph and record events. Keeping his promise of secrecy, Mulholland died in 1970 without revealing his clandestine role as “the CIA’s magician.” The public learned of his covert relationship with the CIA, and the Agency’s interest in drawing on the techniques of conjuring and magic for its espionage mission, only when the MKULTRA documents were declassified in 1977. For nearly twenty-five years, the story was nearly forgotten until a wellresearched article by magic historian Michael Edwards appeared in Genii magazine in 2001, a follow-up August 2003 piece by Richard Kaufman in Genii, and a biography of Mulholland by magician Ben Robinson was published in late 2008 under the title, MagiCIAn: John Mulholland’s Secret Life. Declassified CIA documents, the Genii articles, and Robinson’s book described an elusive, illustrated “manual” written by Mulholland detailing how to perform magic tricks for potential use by intelligence officers. The seven chapter titles of Mulholland’s first hundred-page manuscript were listed in the MKULTRA documents, but Edwards noted, “Today—five decades after it was written—the tricks and approaches set forth in this manual are still classified ‘top secret.’” Robinson, commenting about the secrecy surrounding Mulholland’s manual, stated: “Of a one-hundred-and-twenty-one-page manual comprised of eight chapters, the government has allowed only fifty-six pages to be made public. Of the fifty-six pages seen, roughly two-thirds of the pages are visible; the remaining third has been redacted [blacked out].” An internal history of the Technical Services Staff written by a CIA historian in 2000–2001 referred to the “top-secret” Mulholland manual and indicated that no known copies existed. We now know that under his CIA contracts Mulholland produced at least two illustrated manuals. The first described and illustrated numerous “tricks,” primarily sleight-of-hand and close-up deceptions for secretly hiding, transporting, and delivering small quantities of liquids, powders, or pills in the presence of unsuspecting targets. The second, much shorter manual revealed methods used by magicians and their assistants to pass information among one another without any appearance of communication. The manuals were written in the form of general training instructions rather than for support for specific operations. Only one copy of the original manuals is known to have survived. For Gottlieb and his successors, the techniques of deception used by performing magicians, when added to the “magic” of technology, presented an intriguing potential to enhance the clandestine delivery of materials and secret communications. Mulholland’s principles of magic were consistent with the CIA’s doctrine of tradecraft, and in the ensuing decades talented consultants from the world of magic provided the CIA with innovative illusions to mask and obscure clandestine operations. Multiple elements of the magician’s craft can be seen throughout the world of espionage, most notably in stage management, sleight of hand, disguise, identity transfer, escapology, and special concealment devices such as coins. Stage Management and Misdirection: The proper secret for a magician to use is the one indicated as best under the conditions and circumstances of the performance. -JOHN MULHOLLAND John Mulholland instructed officers that their success, as opposed to that of magicians, depended upon the fact that they are not known to be, or even suspected of being, tricksters. The deceptive techniques he taught for delivering CIA pills, powders, and potions were to be performed clandestinely, yet in full view of audiences that, if aware of the nature of the activity, would immediately confront and arrest the spy. Awareness and “management” of the potentially hostile environment, where audiences are culturally diverse, uncontrolled, and sometimes unseen, is as critical to a spy’s success as his special devices. Similarly, a successful stage magician understands that the execution of a trick may not produce an effective illusion unless the stage and audience are consciously managed. Mulholland, the master of “close magic,” instructed his CIA “tricksters” that “the more of the performer that can be seen, the less his chance of doing anything without detection. As an example, a performer on the stage would be seen were he to put his hand into his pocket, but that action can be made without being seen while standing close to a person so the hand is outside of his range of vision.” This style of magic was ideal for the CIA-intended actions that needed to be performed in close proximity to the target. Sight lines, limiting what the audience is allowed to see, are arranged so that the magician’s trick may be executed without exposing secret equipment or maneuvers. The placement of the magician’s scenery, props, lighting, and even a distractingly beautiful assistant further protect and safeguard the illusion. Sufficient time is allocated for preparing complex illusions and an unlimited number of rehearsals may be conducted to tweak and perfect the performance. In contrast to espionage, where a single mistake can be deadly for the spy, slip-ups by a magician during a “live show” carry little consequence beyond momentary embarrassment. To create an effective illusion, the spy and the magician employ similar craft and stage management techniques. Plausible reasons are substituted for reality to conceal true purposes, and spectator attention is lulled and diverted. For both spies and magicians to be successful, execution must be carefully planned, exhaustively practiced, and skillfully performed. Magicians plan performances by asking themselves “what is my stage?” and “who is my audience?” Mulholland taught that these questions should be supplemented by asking “what is my goal for the operation?” and “how can I carry out the operation secretly?” Only after these questions have been sufficiently answered can the likely stage and audience be assessed. For the magician, the perfectly executed illusion is the ultimate goal. For the spy, illusion is only a means to divert attention from a clandestine act. To be successful, the espionage illusion must withstand both the direct observation of onlookers (casuals) and the scrutiny of professional counterintelligence officers (hostile surveillance), without exposing either the participation or identification of the agent. Typical clandestine acts of this type involve covert exchange of information, money, and supplies between the spy and intelligence officer. Proper stage management techniques provide reasons for the magician’s audience to believe their eyes instead of their reason. People have an almost infinite capability to selfrationalize and “know” that humans cannot levitate or survive being cut in half, yet both appear to occur on a well-managed stage. The CIA learned to exploit such tendencies in operations where the spy needed the hostile surveillance team to ignore direct visual observations and rationalize events as nonalerting. For example, an intelligence officer may always park his car at the curb directly in front of his house. This is observed by surveillance. On the day a dead drop is left for an agent, the car is parked across the street from the house. The agent recognizes the different parking location as a signal, while surveillance sees no significance. Strategic misdirection becomes even more effective when combined with camouflage and illusion. During World War II, stage magician Jasper Maskelyne used his skills for “deceiving the eye” to support the British Camouflage Directorate. Inflatable rubber tanks were created to misdirect enemy attention away from real tanks that were disguised with plywood shells to appear as transport trucks. Operationally, an entire column of “trucks” could shed their artificial skins and reappear on the battlefield “out of thin air,” as if by magic! Such operations also had applications in naval deceptions. In 1915, “Q-boats,” apparently harmless, worn-out steamers appearing to be easy prey, lured German submarines close in to finish them off with their deck gun. The Q-boats had been fitted with concealed guns disguised in collapsible deckhouses or lifeboats. Naval uniforms for the crew were exchanged for old secondhand uniforms to disguise their crew and captain, who remained hidden to portray a lightly manned and vulnerable vessel. Only when the submarine drew close enough “for the kill” would the trap be sprung, and the superstructure pivoted away to reveal the Q-boat’s formidable weaponry. Reminiscent of the Q-boats’ successful deception, in 1961 CIA officers acquired standard Chinese junks in Hong Kong for conversion with high-speed craft equipped with marine diesel engines, fifty-caliber machine guns, and a battery of camouflaged 3.5-inch rockets. The boats, which appeared externally unmodified, would patrol covertly off the Vietnamese coast above the DMZ, and, if necessary, be able to quickly discard their camouflaged junk superstructure and hull “like magic” before disappearing at high speed. For agent operations, a retired CIA technical officer, Tony Mendez, has described the elaborate stage management techniques used in Moscow against elite surveillance teams of the KGB’s Seventh Directorate. By “lulling” the surveillance team with an unvarying pattern of daily commute in and around Moscow, the alertness of the watchers would eventually, and naturally, degrade. Then, after months of an unchanging travel pattern, the CIA officer would “disappear” during his “normal” commute for the brief time necessary for a clandestine act—usually filling a dead drop or posting a letter—before reappearing at his destination only minutes behind schedule.65 The watchers were not alarmed by the short gap in a routine schedule. Mendez explains that when using misdirection, “a larger action covers a smaller action as long as the larger action itself does not attract suspicion.” A CIA officer stationed abroad once commented that having a dog was essential as a mask for secret communication with agents. Taking the dog out for long walks at night (the larger action) provided numerous opportunities to secretly mark signal sites and service dead drops (the smaller actions). Surveillance teams became used to the pattern of the late-night walks and were lulled into a false belief that no smaller-action clandestine activity would occur. Both magicians and spies must effectively manage the stage and sight lines to create an illusion. CIA officer Haviland Smith, the former senior CIA officer in Czechoslovakia during the late 1950s, developed new operational techniques to exploit weaknesses in the sight lines of the surveillance teams working against him in Prague. He discovered that when he was walking in urban areas, on routes he used frequently, the trailing surveillance team was always behind him, and when he made a right-hand turn, he would be “in the gap” or clear of surveillance for a few seconds. Rather than acting suspiciously to evade surveillance, he managed the sight lines to operate “before their very eyes” while “in the gap.” Smith repeated the technique during his next posting in East Berlin, and again it worked. By properly managing his stage, all of his operational activities could be conducted in these gaps, and out of sight. Smith continued to refine his techniques for working “in the gap” to covertly exchange information with spies and in 1965 consulted with a magician for tips on using misdirection. Smith initiated each operational sequence employing an orthogonal approach—right angles or right-hand turns—to ensure he would be free from trailing observation. In a personal demonstration set up at Washington’s Mayflower Hotel in front of his boss, the head of the East European Division, he added the new twist of misdirection. Smith had another officer—Ron Estes—make a right-hand turn into the hotel carrying a small package in his right hand beneath his raincoat. Smith, posing as the agent, was waiting inside the door, standing next to a bank of pay phones. As Estes approached, he shifted his raincoat from his right hand and shook it briefly before letting it flop into his left hand. In that same instant he handed the package unnoticed to Smith with his right hand. The movement of the raincoat successfully diverted attention to the left of Estes and away from the package. Smith received it without notice and moved quickly away and down a stairway. The CIA observers were unaware of the technique and inquired impatiently when the activity would take place. It worked. Misdirection had compounded the effectiveness of stage management. Performing theaters can be artfully arranged for illusions that provide the stage magician with distinct advantages. Stage lighting assures the audience focus is drawn to visible details intended to enhance the illusion, masking those that are unwanted. Props and paraphernalia are arranged in advance. Access to the stage is controlled and restricted to avoid exposing the magician’s secrets. The intelligence officer lacks such advantages, as the location or stage of his performance will be dictated by the requirements of the secret operation. As such, little assured control can be exercised over the audience, lighting, and sight lines. Regardless of how well designed and rehearsed clandestine “magic” may be, uncertainty always accompanies the real “performance.” For the field officer and agent, unseen as well as unanticipated spectators or hidden surveillance can expose a clandestine operation with disastrous consequences. Thus special precautions are required. Robert Hanssen, a trained FBI counterintelligence officer who volunteered to spy for Soviet and Russian intelligence, selected the footbridges in the parks of northern Virginia for his stage. At night, he hid tightly wrapped and taped plastic trash bags crammed full of secret U.S. documents or retrieved sacks containing money or diamonds. Hanssen cleverly controlled the stage by choosing to “perform” when the parks were mostly unoccupied and at sites in heavily wooded and secluded park locations. He carefully selected each operational site to minimize his visibility to passersby while permitting him to detect possible surveillance prior to placing or removing bags from beneath the footbridge. Under these circumstances, Hanssen exploited an advantage over even the magician’s controlled stage since the absence of any audience virtually guaranteed his success. For the Central Intelligence Agency, few operations were more dangerous, or important, than the covert or “black” exfiltration of endangered officers, agents, and defectors from hostile countries or hostage situations. During the Cold War, the CIA and British intelligence, MI6, employed stage management techniques, frequently similar to those in the world of magic, for more than 150 secret operations to bring individuals and their extended families “out of the cold.” Stage management by the British intelligence service saved one of its most important spies from certain death in 1985. KGB colonel Oleg Gordievsky, the senior KGB intelligence officer and acting rezident in London, who was working secretly for the British intelligence, was betrayed by CIA turncoat Aldrich Ames and recalled to Moscow under suspicion. KGB investigators had circumstantial evidence from Ames that pointed to Gordievsky, but lacked the proof necessary to arrest the senior KGB officer. Each day he was subjected to lengthy interrogations as the investigators built their case against him, but allowed to return at night to his apartment, which was rigged with hidden listening devices. They hoped that overhearing a private confession to his wife, or an attempt to contact the British, would provide the final proof of his treason. However, Gordievsky secretly activated an emergency escape plan provided to him by MI6, and after eluding surveillance while on his daily jog traveled by train and bus to the Finnish border. Concurrent with Gordievsky’s secret travel, a pregnant British diplomat was driven from Moscow to Helsinki for medical attention. As her car and driver neared the Finnish border, they rendezvoused with Gordievsky and concealed him in the trunk of their diplomatic vehicle. At the border, while KGB Border Guard officers were examining papers, their German shepherd guard dog began to sniff suspiciously at the area of the car concealing Gordievsky. Thinking quickly, the pregnant diplomat took a meat sandwich from her bag and offered it to the curious dog as a distraction. Her impromptu stage management, employing misdirection, saved the agent’s life and Gordievsky became the only person known to have escaped Moscow while under the direct observation of the KGB’s Seventh Directorate. A classic CIA example demanding exacting stage management for a secret exfiltration is the rescue of six U.S. diplomats stranded outside of the American embassy in Iran after the compound was overrun and seized by Iranian “students” in November of 1979. Mendez, then chief of the disguise section of the CIA’s Office of Technical Service, adapted exfiltration techniques to the particular situation. With the assistance of Academy Award winner and Hollywood makeup specialist John Chambers, he created the deception necessary for their rescue. Mendez and his associates formed a notional Hollywood film company, “Studio Six Productions,” to produce a science-fiction film titled Argo. Studio Six announced that the film would be shot in Iran and a team would be dispatched to scout potential locations outside Tehran. Fooled by this subterfuge, the Iranian government was expected to agree to cooperate with the Hollywood company as part of efforts to reverse the negative international publicity following the embassy takeover. To prepare the world stage, Mendez opened Studio Six production offices on the Columbia Studio lot in Hollywood and established credibility by running a full-page business advertisement in the industry’s most important trade paper, Variety. Mendez, posing as a European filmmaker, adopted an alias name, obtained visas from the Iranian embassy in Switzerland, and, accompanied by a colleague, traveled to Tehran in January of 1980. Once contact was established with the six diplomats hidden at the residence of a Canadian official, Mendez explained how their cover as filmmakers, combined with disguise and fabricated Canadian passports, could be used to exfiltrate them out of the Tehran airport. Mendez, a magic enthusiast as well as an accomplished “document validator” or forger, used a simple sleight-of-hand trick with wine-bottle corks to illustrate how deception and stage management would be used to overcome potential obstacles. His “magic and illusion” demonstration, called “The Impassable Corks,” instilled confidence for the plan among the diplomats. Mendez and his colleague worked through the weekend to create “new” Canadian passports and forge the necessary Iranian exit visas. Each of the six diplomats received cosmetic “makeovers” using disguise materials that restyled their looks to appear “Hollywood.” One conservative diplomat sported snow-white hair with a “mod” blow-dry. Mendez observed that after the transformation, “[the diplomat] was wearing tight trousers with no pockets and a blue silk shirt unbuttoned down the front with his chest hair cradling a gold chain and medallion. With his topcoat resting across his shoulders like a cape, he strolled around the room with the flair of a Hollywood dandy.” Seats for the escaping diplomats posing as the film’s “scouting team” were booked on a Swissair flight departing from Tehran’s Mehrabad Airport early on January 28, 1980. Mendez and his CIA colleague arrived at 5:30 A.M. to “manage the stage” at a time when the departure officials would be sleepy and most of the potentially troublesome Revolutionary Guards were still in bed. The escapees’ luggage was emblazoned with Canadian maple leaf stickers and Mendez hovered about his “stage,” the airport departure lounge, impressing onlookers with “Hollywood-talk.” The activity effectively supported the newly acquired manners and dress of the disguised diplomats, and by late afternoon, all reached Zurich, Switzerland, and freedom. Illusionist Jim Steinmeyer, when commenting on the techniques of the escape, noted: “Mendez’s improvisation was performed within carefully rehearsed scenes, meticulous paperwork, backstopped stories, and exhaustive research. If the six Americans seemed to saunter effortlessly through the Tehran airport, it was because the stage had been beautifully set and the scene masterfully presented. It was a demonstration of Kellar the Magician’s famous boast that, once he had an audience under his spell, he could ‘march an elephant across the stage and no one would notice.’” Dr. Gottlieb’s TSS staff later became the CIA’s Office of Technical Service and employed a new generation of magicians and illusionists. Sleight of Hand: As beginners, magicians love the colorful boxes they first saw on magic shop shelves—the trick props that seem able to do anything. As sophisticates, they learn that these mechanical props are no substitute for pure ability…sleight of hand. —JIM STEINMEYER, HIDING THE ELEPHANT A common and incorrect belief is that the hand is quicker than the eye. Quick movement does not explain an effective illusion by either magicians or spies. In fact, the hand is much slower than the eye, and for deceptive purposes, neither should ever move quickly. An illusion is primarily mental, not visual; when magicians and spies fool the minds of audiences, eyes observe only what the performer intends. Mulholland employed sleight of hand, the skilled manipulation of objects in a manner undetectable to the observer, in creating effective deceptions and illusions. He also recognized that such techniques could be learned by intelligence officers and applied in espionage. By replacing quick or clumsy movements that would attract the attention of hostile surveillance teams or an intended target, Mulholland described “sleights” that would appear to observers as natural and innocent, whether those be gestures, alterations in body posture, or changes in hand position. Effective sleight of hand employs psychology, misdirection, and a natural sequence of steps to create an illusion. Magicians and spies use misdirection so that their audiences will look toward an intended direction and away from the covert act. Since the human mind can only focus on a single thought at a time, controlling the target’s visual perception of events unfolding around him can implant a false image and memory. For example, Mulholland instructed officers that the flaming of a match rising in one hand to light a target’s cigarette would mask the discrete drop of a pill from the other hand. The target’s eyes, focusing, as intended, on the match, were incapable of also noticing the pill, the covert action. Mulholland realized that CIA officers needed small props to enhance their limited sleight-of-hand skills. He understood that spectators were less likely to suspect items with which they were already familiar. Commonly seen objects, such as cigarettes, matchbooks, pencils, and coins, appeared almost ubiquitous and inconsequential. Since most onlookers would not suspect that these items could be used as espionage devices, they could be concealments for hiding the pills, potions, and powders such as those produced by MKULTRA. Intelligence officers employed other sleight-of-hand techniques using conjuring paraphernalia. “Flash paper,” a staple for many magicians, was popular when cigarette smoking was common and acceptable. CIA officers employed it when taking secret notes in hostile and threatening environments; if the officer sensed danger or considered an operation compromised, touching the paper with a lit cigarette would result in its complete and instantaneous destruction. To the surveillance teams, none of the officer’s movements appeared unusual and only the ash residue remained if searched. In later years, as smoking became less acceptable, CIA officers preferred making written notes on water-soluble paper instead of flash paper. Covert communications and tasking instructions were printed on this special, water-soluble paper so they could be destroyed quickly and completely in a cup of coffee, splashed with water, or even swallowed. Ryszard Kuklinski, the CIA’s most valuable Cold War agent in Poland in the 1970s, kept his secret escape plan on water-soluble paper taped beneath a kitchen cabinet so it could be quickly destroyed in a nearby pan of water. A principal skill of intelligence officers is taking photographs without being detected. In the 1960s, the CIA needed an effective way to make a Minox subminiature camera “disappear” quickly after taking a secret photo. The solution employed sleight of hand and a device from the magician’s repertoire of disappearing objects. In this case a “holdout,” a simple piece of elastic for making a coin disappear from an outstretched hand and up the performer’s sleeve, worked well. However, instead of elastic, CIA technicians used a retractable tape measure to fit the mechanism with thin black cord and mounted it on a leather armband. The cord attached to the end of the Minox, and after the photo was taken, the officer had only to release his grip to allow the camera to retract and “disappear” up his sleeve. Using sleight of hand can enhance a clandestine operation in other, less direct ways. For example, undercover officers often face difficulties infiltrating suspicious groups who are wary when approached by strangers. One solution was a simple trick, the “magic beer coaster,” to attract attention and have the target “come to him.”80 A folded U.S. fiftydollar bill was inserted into a Heineken beer coaster that had been sliced apart with a razor, then reglued and placed in a book press to flatten as it dried. The officer appeared several nights at the bar and drank alone while slowly tearing apart a stack of Heineken coasters. When the bartender eventually asked why he was doing this, the officer responded, “Heineken places fifty-dollar bills as a little-known promotion in unmarked beer coasters.” An hour later, the officer employed sleight of hand to introduce a gimmicked coaster into the stack in front of him. When he later tore apart the prepared coaster and “discovered” the fifty-dollar bill, he celebrated loudly and offered to buy a round of drinks. The onlookers came to him! Though the fifty-dollar coaster attracted attention, the full effectiveness of the illusion was dependent on the officer’s stage performance and his sleight of hand Disguise and Identity Transfer: Disguise is only a tool…. Before you use any tradecraft tool you have to set up the operation for the deception. -TONY MENDEZ, FORMER CIA “MASTER OF DISGUISE” Magicians regularly employ doubles, identical twins, full disguise, or disguise paraphernalia to create effective illusions. TO CONTINUE READING: Click any of the links at the top of this description to see the PDF file. Thank you.

Recorded on December 11, 1983, this lecture showcases Manly P. Hall discussing the concept of guardian angels. At the time of this recording, Mr. Hall was 82 years old. Known for his extensive research and expertise in various fields, including his association with Freemasonry as a 33rd degree Mason, he approached the topic with a scholarly perspective. In this lecture, Mr. Hall presents an analytical exploration of the idea of guardian angels, drawing from diverse philosophical and esoteric traditions. He delves into questions about the existence and potential roles of these entities in human lives, providing a comprehensive overview based on his studies. This video serves as an informative piece for those interested in understanding different viewpoints on guardian angels, presented by a figure with a rich background in philosophical and esoteric studies.

Manly Palmer Hall, an iconic figure in the world of esoteric teachings, was born in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada on March 18, 1901. His journey to becoming a keystone of spiritual and metaphysical wisdom began with early adversities. The premature demise of his father, William S. Hall, a practicing dentist, and the challenges faced by his mother, Louise Palmer Hall, a chiropractor, led to the family's migration to the United States. Though his formal education ceased at grammar school, Hall's innate drive for enlightenment propelled him into the depths of arcane knowledge. His unyielding dedication bore fruit in 1928 with the release of "The Secret Teachings of All Ages," an expansive exploration into the mysteries of secretive societies, shedding light on arcane rituals, symbols, and profound philosophies. Taking his mission a step further, 1934 saw the birth of the Philosophical Research Society (PRS). Under Hall's founding vision and consistent leadership, PRS emerged as a beacon for those seeking to intertwine the studies of religions, mysticism, and metaphysics. Hall's intellectual outreach was staggering. Over 8,000 lectures worldwide and an arsenal of over 150 publications, including seminal pieces like "The Lost Keys of Freemasonry" and "The Secret Destiny of America," stand as testaments to his monumental contributions. An intriguing facet of his journey involves his relationship with Freemasonry. Despite his early and comprehensive writings on the topic, it was only in 1954 that he formally donned the Mason's mantle, rapidly ascending to the revered 33° Scottish Rite. Though his death in 1990 is officially ascribed to natural causes, murmurings of speculative circumstances persist. Yet, the essence of his legacy remains untouched. Today, PRS stands as the guardian of his invaluable collection of esoteric texts, embodying his ceaseless dedication to spiritual exploration. However, like all giants in their field, Hall faced his share of detractors. A significant portion of the academic sphere expressed reservations about the veracity of his work. This invariably led to fervent debates, as scholars juxtaposed his seemingly unverified claims against undeniable facts, a juxtaposition made even more complex by the inherently esoteric nature of his subjects. While Manly P. Hall's work was widely respected in many circles, it did receive criticism from various quarters, especially by those who held contrasting viewpoints on esoteric and mystical subjects. Here are a few of the more prominent detractors or individuals who expressed reservations or critiques on some aspects of his teachings: Dr. John Warwick Montgomery: A renowned Christian apologist, Montgomery was critical of esoteric writers, including Hall, for what he perceived as factual inaccuracies and an overemphasis on mysticism at the expense of empirical evidence. Paul Foster Case: The founder of the Builders of the Adytum, an organization focused on Tarot and Qabalah, had differing views on some esoteric teachings compared to Hall. This naturally led to differences in interpretation and critique. Traditional Academicians: While not always naming Hall directly, many historians and scholars rooted in empirical methodologies often took issue with Hall's more speculative approach, feeling that he sometimes strayed too far from verifiable fact. Certain Masonic Figures: Given that Hall wrote about Freemasonry extensively before actually joining the Masons in 1954, some within the Masonic community questioned the authenticity of his insights prior to his formal initiation. In the final analysis, Manly P. Hall's undying quest for esoteric and spiritual wisdom has indelibly marked the annals of metaphysical discourse. And while pockets of his teachings remain under the lens of scrutiny, his overarching stature as a colossus in the world of esoteric wisdom remains unchallenged.

You are listening to the audiobook of 'The Secret Teachings of All Ages' by Manly P. Hall. Manly P. Hall was a renowned 20th-century philosopher, mystic, and esoteric scholar. In this seminal work, he delves deep into the hidden wisdom found in various world traditions, uncovering the universal truths and age-old mysteries that have shaped human history and spiritual development. This comprehensive guide provides insights into myths, symbols, and philosophies from a wide array of ancient cultures, offering listeners a rich tapestry of knowledge that bridges the gap between the esoteric and the known.

This video juxtaposes the broadcast of William "Bill" Cooper from his "Hour of the Time" radio program on September 11, 2001, with concurrent live footage from CNN's coverage of the day's tragic events. As events unfolded that day, media outlets and independent broadcasters alike grappled in real-time to understand and communicate the scale and significance of the attacks. Cooper, known for his distinct perspective on global events, provides a unique commentary that is both a product of its time and a reflection of his broader worldview. By interleaving Cooper's broadcast with CNN's coverage, this video offers a multi-faceted view of one of the most pivotal days in modern history. Viewers can compare and contrast mainstream media's approach with that of an independent broadcaster, shedding light on the varied ways the events were perceived and presented as they happened. This compilation is presented as an archival resource, inviting viewers to delve deeper into the myriad narratives and reactions that emerged on that fateful day.

Links: Full: https://drive.google.com/file/d/19-vOULLlMxiGLuhQBooBRekeGE7_Ku81/preview https://famguardian.org/Subjects/LawAndGovt/NewWorldOrder/DeclarationToAbolishUSGov-NewStates.htm https://www.1215.org/lawnotes/lawnotes/ns1.htm "A Proposed Constitutional Model for the Newstates of America" Disclaimer: In this audiobook, we delve into the "Newstates of America" proposed constitution, an ambitious academic endeavor from the mid-20th century aimed at reconsidering the U.S. Constitution in light of a rapidly evolving world. As listeners journey through this content, we recommend bearing in mind the following facets: 1. Origins Under Scrutiny: The document emerged from the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, with influential figures like Rexford Tugwell at the helm. Yet, the involvement of bodies such as the Fund for the Republic, associated with the Ford Foundation, has cast shadows of doubt, leading to questions about its true genesis and the objectives driving its creation. 2. Stated Purpose: Positioned as an academic exploration, this proposed constitution sought to ignite discourse on the malleability of the U.S. Constitution, especially during the tumultuous eras of the 1960s and 1970s. 3. Content Character: The proposal gravitates towards a more centralized governance model and introduces avant-garde institutional mechanisms. Its unconventional nature has sparked both intellectual fascination and public apprehension. 4. Potential for Propaganda: In the realm of ideological warfare, this document could be wielded to challenge the sanctity of the original U.S. Constitution. There's a risk of it being utilized to stoke divisions, discredit leadership, undermine international perceptions, advance alternative agendas, or even wage psychological warfare. The lines between genuine academic pursuit, societal reflection, and external influence can blur, making discernment crucial. With this backdrop of intricate origins, multifaceted debates, and potential manipulation avenues, decoding the genuine intent and influence behind the "Newstates of America" is no small feat. As you immerse yourself in this audiobook, it's paramount to be vigilant and discerning, striving to distill fact from fiction, influence from inquiry. Ultimately, the task of navigating these layered complexities and forming an enlightened perspective lies with you, the listener. Warning: The following content presents a vision of a potential new constitution for America. While it offers a unique perspective on governance, individual rights, and societal structure, readers should approach it with caution and critical thinking. Some elements, such as the regulation of firearms and the emphasis on environmental stewardship, may resonate with certain audiences but be contentious for others. Moreover, provisions concerning the suspension of rights, the powers of the Boundary Commission, and the significant influence of the Overseer over the electoral process raise concerns about centralization of power and potential misuse. The document emphasizes transparency, public participation, and international cooperation, but the centralized nature of certain branches, combined with the significant authority vested in the President and other officials, could lead to potential autocracy or misuse of power. Life tenure for Senators, the mix of appointed and elected members in the Senate, and centralized emergency powers are other areas of concern. Over-centralization might result in bureaucratic inefficiencies, potential misuse of power, and conflicts between national and state judiciaries. The potential for a complete redrafting of the Constitution every twenty-five years could lead to significant upheaval. As with any foundational document or proposal, it's essential to weigh its merits against its potential drawbacks. Always seek diverse sources of information and engage in informed discussions when considering such transformative ideas, especially when they touch on deeply rooted cultural and societal values. Introduction: As the 1960s dawned, following a transformative decade, America found itself navigating unprecedented societal and international waters. The era was marked by profound changes: the blossoming civil rights movement, the divisive Vietnam War, and mounting questions about the government's efficacy in these tumultuous times. It was against this backdrop that the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, under the aegis of Robert M. Hutchins and with the support of the Fund for the Republic— Which is - a Ford Foundation affiliate—embarked on an audacious undertaking: the crafting of a contemporary model constitution for a world in flux. Over a decade, from 1964 to 1974, an assembly of scholars, jurists, and thinkers, led by New Deal luminary Rexford Tugwell, grappled with emergent global challenges, ranging from nuclear diplomacy to environmental sustainability. Their collaborative effort culminated in the 1974 unveiling of Tugwell's "A Proposed Constitutional Model for the Newstates of America"—a constitution not just redesigned but re imagined. While this innovative text certainly sparked discourse, it wasn't devoid of detractors. Myths surrounding its origins proliferated, and debates regarding its intended role vis-à-vis the U.S. Constitution raged. At its core, however, the Newstates Constitution stands as an emblem of the academic spirit—a catalyst meant to incite conversations on the evolving nature of foundational legal structures in a dynamic era. Its primary aim? To traverse the realms of potential and possibility—to conceptualize how foundational texts might be reinvigorated to address the challenges of a modern era. It served as an invitation to dialogue, a prompt for pondering potential constitutional refinements. In sum, "The Newstates of America" encapsulates a reflection on the interplay between time-honored traditions and the audacity of envisaging adaptability in governance. As you delve deeper, you'll uncover not just a vision of a possible future but a testament to the enduring American spirit of introspection and evolution. Contributors to "A Proposed Constitutional Model for the Newstates of America" encompass: 1. Rexford G. Tugwell (principal author): - A pivotal figure in Roosevelt's "Brain Trust," Tugwell's influence extended from shaping New Deal policies to a gubernatorial stint in Puerto Rico. He remains central to the crafting of the "Newstates of America" constitution. 2. Harold W. Dodds: - The distinguished academic helmed Princeton University as its fifteenth president between 1933-1957. 3. Charles S. Ascher: - Recognized for his expertise in public administration and urban strategy, Ascher held significant roles, including directorial positions within New York City's administrative architecture and academic posts at Columbia University. 4. Ashby B. Fristoe: - Information about Ashby B. Fristoe is somewhat limited, but he was connected with the U.S. government's administrative functions in various capacities over his career. 5. Gladys L. Baker: - worked with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and was known for her work on agricultural economics and policies. 6. John H. Fenton: - was a political scientist known for his contributions to the field of public administration. He was associated with Columbia University. 7. Elmer B. Staats: - Staats had a long career in U.S. government service. He served as the Comptroller General of the United States from 1966 to 1981. In this role, he oversaw the Government Accountability Office (GAO), which audits and evaluates the performance of the federal government. 8. C. Wilfred Jenks: - A British international lawyer, Jenks was associated with the International Labour Organization (ILO). He held the position of Director-General of the ILO from 1970 to 1973. 9. Joseph P. Harris: - was a political scientist and an authority on public administration and electoral systems. He wrote extensively on voting systems and was also involved in the League of Women Voters. 10. James MacGregor Burns: - was an eminent political scientist and historian. He's best known for his work on leadership theories, particularly "transformational leadership." Burns wrote extensively on American political history and leadership, and his book "Leadership" (1978) is considered a seminal work in the field. --- PREAMBLE: So that we may join in common endeavors, welcome the future in good order, and create an adequate and self-repairing government - we, the people, do establish the Newstates of America, herein provided to be ours, and do ordain this Constitution whose supreme law it shall be until the time prescribed for shall have run. --- ARTICLE I: Rights and Responsibilities: A. Rights SECTION 1: Freedom of expression, of communication, of movement, of assembly, or of petition shall not be abridged except in declared emergency. SECTION 2: Access to information possessed by governmental agencies shall not be denied except in interest of national security; but communications among officials necessary to decision making shall be privileged. SECTION 3: Public communicators may decline to reveal sources of information, but shall be responsible for hurtful disclosures. SECTION 4: The privacy of individuals shall be respected; searches and seizures shall be made only on judicial warrant; persons shall be pursued or questioned only for the prevention of crime or the apprehension of suspected criminals, and only according to rules established under law. SECTION 5: There shall be no discrimination because of race, creed, color, origin, or sex. The Court of Rights and Responsibilities may determine whether selection for various occupations has been discriminatory. SECTION 6: All persons shall have equal protection of the laws, and in all electoral procedures the vote of every eligible citizen shall count equally with others. SECTION 7: It shall be public policy to promote discussion of public issues and to encourage peaceful public gatherings for this purpose. Permission to hold such gatherings shall not be denied, nor shall they be interrupted, except in declared emergency or on a showing of imminent danger to public order and on judicial warrant. SECTION 8: The practice of religion shall be privileged; but no religion shall be imposed by some on others, and none shall have public support. SECTION 9: Any citizen may purchase, sell, lease, hold, convey and inherit real and personal property, and shall benefit equally from all laws for security in such transactions. SECTION 10: Those who cannot contribute to productivity shall be entitled to a share of the national product; but distribution shall be fair and the total may not exceed the amount for this purpose held in the National Sharing Fund. SECTION 11: Education shall be provided at public expense for those who meet appropriate tests of eligibility. SECTION 12: No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. No property shall be taken without compensation. SECTION 13: Legislatures shall define crimes and conditions requiring restraint, but confinement shall not be for punishment; and when possible, there shall be preparation for return to freedom. SECTION 14: No person shall be placed twice in jeopardy for the same offense. SECTION 15: Writs of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in declared emergency. SECTION 16: Accused persons shall be informed of charges against them, shall have a speedy trial, shall have reasonable bail, shall be allowed to confront witnesses or to call others, and shall not be compelled to testify against themselves; at the time of arrest they shall be informed of their right to be silent and to have counsel, provided, if necessary, at public expense; and courts shall consider the contention that prosecution may be under an invalid or unjust statute. B. Responsibilities: SECTION 1: Each freedom of the citizen shall prescribe a corresponding responsibility not to diminish that of others: of speech, communication, assembly, and petition, to grant the same freedom to others; of religion, to respect that of others; of privacy, not to invade that of others; of the holding and disposal of property, the obligation to extend the same privilege to others. SECTION 2: Individuals and enterprises holding themselves out to serve the public shall serve all equally and without intention to misrepresent, conforming to such standards as may improve health and welfare. SECTION 3: Protection of the law shall be repaid by assistance in its enforcement; this shall include respect for the procedures of justice, apprehension of lawbreakers, and testimony at trial. SECTION 4: Each citizen shall participate in the processes of democracy, assisting in the selection of officials and in the monitoring of their conduct in office. SECTION 5: Each shall render such services to the nation as may be uniformly required by law, objection by reason of conscience being adjudicated as hereinafter provided; and none shall expect or may receive special privileges unless they be for a public purpose defined by law. SECTION 6: Each shall pay whatever share of governmental costs is consistent with fairness to all. SECTION 7: Each shall refuse awards or titles from other nations or their representatives except as they be authorized by law. SECTION 8: There shall be a responsibility to avoid violence and to keep the peace; for this reason the bearing of arms or the possession of lethal weapons shall be confined to the police, members of the armed forces, and those licensed under law. SECTION 9: Each shall assist in preserving the endowments of nature and enlarging the inheritance of future generations. SECTION 10: Those granted the use of public lands, the air, or waters shall have a responsibility for using these resources so that, if irreplaceable, they are conserved and, if replaceable, they are put back as they were. SECTION 11: Retired officers of the armed forces, of the senior civil service, and of the Senate shall regard their service as a permanent obligation and shall not engage in enterprise seeking profit from the government. SECTION 12: The devising or controlling of devices for management or technology shall establish responsibility for resulting costs. SECTION 13: All rights and responsibilities defined herein shall extend to such associations of citizens as may be authorized by law. --- ARTICLE II: The Newstates: SECTION 1: There shall be Newstates, each comprising no less than 5 percent of the whole population. Existing states may continue and may have the status of Newstates if the Boundary Commission, hereinafter provided, shall so decide. The Commission shall be guided in its recommendations by the probability of accommodation to the conditions for effective government. States electing by referendum to continue if the Commission recommend otherwise shall nevertheless accept all Newstate obligations. SECTION 2: The Newstates shall have constitutions formulated and adopted by processes hereinafter prescribed. SECTION 3: They shall have Governors; legislatures, and planning administrative and judicial systems. SECTION 4: Their political procedures shall be organized and supervised by electoral Overseers; but their elections shall not be in years of presidential election. SECTION 5: The electoral apparatus of the Newstates of America shall be available to them, and they may be allotted funds under rules agreed to by the national Overseer; but expenditures may not be made by or for any candidate except they be approved by the Overseer; and requirements of residence in a voting district shall be no longer than thirty days. SECTION 6: They may charter subsidiary governments, urban or rural, and may delegate to them powers appropriate to their responsibilities. SECTION 7: They may lay, or may delegate the laying of, taxes; but these shall conform to the restraints stated hereinafter for the Newstates of America. SECTION 8: They may not tax exports, may not tax with intent to prevent imports, and may not impose any tax forbidden by laws of the Newstates of America; but the objects appropriate for taxation shall be clearly designated. SECTION 9: Taxes on land may be at higher rates than those on its improvements. SECTION 10: They shall be responsible for the administration of public services not reserved to the government of the Newstates of America, such activities being concerned with those of corresponding national agencies, where these exist, under arrangements common to all. SECTION 11: The rights and responsibilities prescribed in this Constitution shall be effective in the Newstates and shall be suspended only in emergency when declared by Governors and not disapproved by the Senate of the Newstates of America. SECTION 12: Police powers of the Newstates shall extend to all matters not reserved to the Newstates of America; but prompted powers shall not be impaired. SECTION 13: Newstates may not enter into any treaty, alliance, confederation, or agreement unless approved by the Boundary Commission hereinafter provided. They may not coin money, provide for the payment of debts in any but legal tender, or make any charge for inter-Newstate services. They may not enact ex post facto laws or ones impairing the obligation of contracts. SECTION 14: Newstates may not impose barriers to imports from other jurisdictions or impose any hindrance to citizens' freedom of movement. SECTION 15: If governments of the Newstates fail to carry out fully their constitutional duties, their officials shall be warned and may be required by the Senate, on the recommendation of the Watchkeeper, to forfeit revenues from the Newstates of America. --- ARTICLE III: The Electoral Branch: SECTION 1: To arrange for participation by the electorate in the determination of policies and the selection of officials, there shall be an Electoral Branch. SECTION 2: An Overseer of electoral procedures shall be chosen by majority of the Senate and may be removed by a two-thirds vote. It shall be the Overseer's duty to supervise the organization of national and district parties, arrange for discussion among them, and provide for the nomination and election of candidates for public office. While in office the Overseer shall belong to no political organization; and after each presidential election shall offer to resign. SECTION 3: A national party shall be one have had at least a 5 percent affiliation in the latest general election; but a new party shall be recognized when valid petitions have been signed by at least 2 percent of the voters in each of 30 percent of the districts drawn for the House of Representatives. Recognition shall be suspended upon failure to gain 5 percent of the votes at a second election, 10 percent at a third, or 15 percent at further elections. District parties shall be recognized when at least 2 percent of voters shall have signed petitions of affiliation; but recognition shall be withdrawn upon failure to attract the same percentages as are necessary for the continuance of national parties. SECTION 4: Recognition by the Overseer shall bring parties within established regulations and entitle them to common privileges. SECTION 5: The Overseer shall promulgate rules for party conduct and shall see that fair practices are maintained, and for this purpose shall appoint deputies in each district and shall supervise the choice, in district and national conventions, of party administrators. Regulations and appointments may be objected to by the Senate. SECTION 6: The Overseer, with the administrator and other officials, shall:--- Provide the means for discussion, in each party, of public issues, and for this purpose, ensure that members have adequate facilities for participation. Arrange for discussion, in annual district meetings, of the President's views, of the findings of the Planning Branch, and such other information as may be pertinent for the enlightened political discussion. Arrange, on the first Saturday in each month, for enrollment, valid for one year, of voters at convenient places. SECTION 7: The Overseer shall also: Assist the parties in nominating candidates for district members of the House of Representatives each three years; and for this purpose designate one hundred districts, each with a similar number of eligible voters, redrawing districts after each election. In these there shall be party conventions having no more than three hundred delegates, so distributed that representation of voters be approximately equal. Candidates for delegate may become eligible by presenting petitions signed by two hundred registered voters. They shall be elected by party members on the first Tuesday in March, those having the largest number of votes being chosen until the three hundred be complete. Ten alternates shall also be chosen by the same process. District conventions shall be held on the first Tuesday in April. Delegates shall choose three candidates for membership in the House of Representatives, the three having the most votes becoming candidates. Arrange for the election each three years of three members of the House of Representatives in each district from among the candidates chosen in party conventions, the three have the most votes to be elected. SECTION 8: The Overseer shall also: Arrange for national conventions to meet nine years after previous presidential elections, with an equal number of delegates from each district, the whole number not to exceed one thousand. Candidates for delegates shall be eligible when petitions signed by five hundred registered voters have been filed. Those with the most votes, together with two alternates, being those next in number of votes, shall be chosen in each district. Approve procedures in these conventions for choosing one hundred candidates to be members-at-large of the House of Representatives, whose terms shall be coterminous with that of the President. For this purpose delegates shall file one choice with convention officials. Voting on submissions shall proceed until one hundred achieve 10 percent, but not more than three candidates may be resident in any one district; if any district have more than three, those with the fewest votes shall be eliminated, others being added from the districts having less than three, until equality be reached. Of those added, those having the most votes shall be chosen first. Arrange procedures for the consideration and approval of party objectives by the convention. Formulate rules for the nomination in these conventions of candidates for President and Vice Presidents when the offices are to fall vacant, candidates for nomination to be recognized when petitions shall have been presented by one hundred or more delegates, pledged to continue support until candidates can no longer win or until they consent to withdraw. Presidents and Vice-Presidents, together with Representatives-at-large, shall submit to referendum after serving for three years, and if they are rejected, new conventions shall be held within one month and candidates shall be chosen as for vacant offices. Candidates for President and Vice-Presidents shall be nominated on attaining a majority. Arrange for the election on the first Tuesday in June, in appropriate years, of new candidates for President and Vice-Presidents, and members-at-large of the House of Representatives, all being presented to the nation's voters as a ticket; if no ticket achieve a majority, the Overseer shall arrange another election, on the third Tuesday in June, between the two persons having the most votes; and if referendum so determine he shall provide similar arrangements for the nomination and election of candidates. In this election, the one having the most votes shall prevail. SECTION 9: The Overseer shall also: Arrange for the convening of the national legislative houses on the fourth Tuesday of July. Arrange for inauguration of the President and Vice- Presidents on the second Tuesday of August. SECTION 10: All costs of electoral procedures shall be paid from public funds, and there shall be no private contributions to parties or candidates; no contributions or expenditures for meetings, conventions, or campaigns shall be made; and no candidate for office may make any personal expenditures unless authorized by a uniform rule of the Overseer; and persons or groups making expenditures, directly or indirectly, in support of prospective candidates shall report to the Overseer and shall conform to his regulations. SECTION 11: Expenses of the Electoral Branch shall be met by the addition of one percent to the net annual taxable income returns of taxpayers, this sum to be held by the chancellor of Financial Affairs for disposition by the Overseer. Funds shall be distributed to parties in proportion to the respective number of votes cast for the President and Governors at the last election, except that new parties, on being recognized, shall share in proportion to their number. Party administrators shall make allocations to legislative candidates in amounts proportional to the party vote at the last elections. Expenditures shall be audited by the Watchkeeper; and sums not expended within four years shall be returned to the treasury. It shall be a condition of every communications franchise that reasonable facilities shall be available for allocations by the overseer. --- ARTICLE IV: The Planning Branch: SECTION 1: There shall be a Planning Branch to formulate and administer plans and to prepare budgets for the uses of expected income in pursuit of policies formulated by the processes provided herein. SECTION 2: There shall be a National Planning Board of fifteen members appointed by the President; the first members shall have terms designated by the President of one to fifteen years, thereafter one shall be appointed each year; the President shall appoint a Chairman who shall serve for fifteen years unless removed by him. SECTION 3: The Chairman shall appoint, and shall supervise, a planning administrator, together with such deputies as may be agreed to by the Board. SECTION 4: The Chairman shall present to the Board six- and twelve-year development plans prepared by the planning staff. They shall be revised each year after public hearings, and finally in the year before they are to take effect. They shall be submitted to the President on the fourth Tuesday in July for transmission to the Senate on September first with his comments. If members of the Board fail to approve the budget proposals by the forwarding date, the Chairman shall nevertheless make submission to the President with notations of reservation by such members. The President shall transmit this proposal, with his comments, to the House of Representatives on September first. SECTION 5: It shall be recognized that the six- and twelve-year development plans represent national intentions tempered by the appraisal of possibilities. The twelve-year plan shall be a general estimate of probable progress, both governmental and private; the six-year plan shall be more specific as to estimated income and expenditure and shall take account of necessary revisions. The purpose shall be to advance, through every agency of government, the excellence of national life. It shall be the further purpose to anticipate innovations, to estimate their impact, to assimilate them into existing institutions, and to moderate deleterious effects on the environment and on society. The six- and twelve-year plans shall be disseminated for discussion and the opinions expressed shall be considered in the formulation of plans for each succeeding year with special attention to detail in proposing the budget. SECTION 6: For both plans an extension of one year into the future shall be made each year and the estimates for all other years shall be revised accordingly. For nongovernmental activities the estimate of developments shall be calculated to indicate the need for enlargement or restriction. SECTION 7: If there be objection by the President or the Senate to the six- or Twelve-year plans, they shall be returned for restudy and resubmission. If there still be differences, and if the President and the Senate agree, they shall prevail. If they do not agree, the Senate shall prevail and the plan shall be revised accordingly. SECTION 8: The Newstates, on June 1, shall submit proposals for development to be considered for inclusion in those for the Newstates of America. Researches and administration shall be delegated, when convenient, to planning agencies of the Newstates. SECTION 9: There shall be submissions from private individuals or from organized associations affected with a public interest, as defined by the Board. They shall report intentions to expand or contract, estimates of production and demand, probable uses of resources, numbers expected to be employed, and other essential information. SECTION 10: The Planning Branch shall make and have custody of official maps, and these shall be documents of reference for future developments both public and private; on them the location of facilities, with extension indicated, and the intended use of all areas shall be marked out. Official maps shall also be maintained by the planning agencies of the Newstates, and in matters not exclusively national the National Planning Board may rely on these. Undertakings in violation of official designation shall be at the risk of the venturer, and there shall be no recourse; but losses from designations after acquisition shall be recoverable in actions before the Court of Claims. SECTION 11: The Planning Branch shall have available to it funds equal to one-half of one percent of the approved national budget (not including debt services or payments from trust funds). They shall be held by the Chancellor of Financial Affairs and expended according to rules approved by the Board; but funds not expended within six years shall be available for other users. SECTION 12: Allocations may be made for the planning agencies of the Newstates; but only the maps and plans of the national Board, or those approved by them, shall have status at law. SECTION 13: In making plans, there shall be due regard to the interests of other nations and such cooperation with their intentions as may be approved by the Board. SECTION 14: There may also be cooperation with international agencies and such contributions to their work as are not disapproved by the President. --- ARTICLE V: The Presidency: SECTION 1: The President of the Newstates of America shall be the head of government, shaper of its commitments, expositor of its policies, and supreme commander of its protective forces; shall have one term of nine years, unless rejected by 60 percent of the electorate after three years; shall take care that the nation's resources are estimated and are apportioned to its more exigent needs; shall recommend such plans, legislation, and action as may be necessary; and shall address the legislators each year on the state of the nation, calling upon them to do their part for the general good. SECTION 2: There shall be two Vice-Presidents elected with the President; at the time of taking office the President shall designate one Vice-President to supervise internal affairs; and one to be deputy for general affairs. The deputy for general affairs shall succeed if the presidency be vacated; the Vice- President for internal affairs shall be second in succession. If either Vice-President shall die or be incapacitated the President, with the consent of the Senate, shall appoint a successor. Vice-Presidents shall serve during an extended term with such assignments as the President may make. If the presidency fall vacant through the disability of both Vice-Presidents, the Senate shall elect successors from among its members to serve until the next general election. With the Vice-Presidents and other officials the President shall see to it that the laws are faithfully executed and shall pay attention to the findings and recommendations of the Planning Board, the National Regulatory Board, and the Watchkeeper in formulating national policies. SECTION 3: Responsible to the Vice-President for General Affairs there shall be Chancellors of External, Financial, Legal, and Military Affairs. The Chancellor of External Affairs shall assist in conducting relations with other nations. The Chancellor of Financial Affairs shall supervise the nation's financial and monetary systems, regulating its capital markets and credit-issuing institutions as they may be established by law; and this shall include lending institutions for operations in other nations or in cooperation with them, except that treaties may determine their purposes and standards. The Chancellor of Legal Affairs shall advise governmental agencies and represent them before the courts. The Chancellor of Military Affairs shall act for the presidency in disposing all armed forces except militia commanded by governors; but these shall be available for national service at the President's convenience. Except in declared emergency, the deployment of forces in far waters or in other nations without their consent shall be notified in advance to a national security committee of the Senate hereinafter provided. SECTION 4: Responsible to the Vice-President for Internal Affairs there shall be chancellors of such departments as the President may find necessary for performing the services of government and are not rejected by a two-thirds vote when the succeeding budget is considered. SECTION 5: Candidates for the presidency and the vice-presidencies shall be natural-born citizens. Their suitability may be questioned by the Senate within ten days of their nomination, and if two-thirds of the whole agree, they shall be ineligible and a nominating convention shall be reconvened. At the time of his nomination no candidate shall be a member of the Senate and none shall be on active service in the armed forces or a senior civil servant. SECTION 6: The President may take leave because of illness or for an interval of relief, and the Vice-President in charge of General Affairs shall act. The President may resign if the Senate agree; and, if the term shall have more than two years to run, the Overseer shall arrange for a special election for President and Vice-President. SECTION 7: The Vice-Presidents may be directed to perform such ministerial duties as the President may find convenient; but their instructions shall be of record, and their actions shall be taken as his deputy. SECTION 8: Incapacitation may be established without concurrence of the President by a three-quarters vote of the Senate, whereupon a successor shall become Acting President until the disability be declared, by a similar vote, to be ended or to have become permanent. Similarly the other Vice-President shall succeed if a predecessor die or be disabled. Special elections, in these contingencies, may be required by the Senate. Acting Presidents may appoint deputies, unless the Senate object, to assume their duties until the next election. SECTION 9: The Vice-Presidents, together with such other officials as the President may designate from time to time, may constitute a cabinet or council; but this shall not include officials of other branches. SECTION 10: Treaties or agreements with other nations, negotiated under the President's authority, shall be in effect unless objected to by a majority of the Senate within ninety days. If they are objected to, the President may resubmit and the Senate reconsider. If a majority still object, the Senate shall prevail. SECTION 11: All officers, except those of other branches, shall be appointed and may be removed by the President. A majority of the Senate may object to appointments within sixty days, and alternative candidates shall be offered until it agrees. SECTION 12: The President shall notify the Planning Board and the House of Representatives, on the fourth Tuesday in June, what the maximum allowable expenditures for the ensuing fiscal year shall be. The President may determine to make expenditures less than provided in appropriations; but, except in declared emergency, none shall be made in excess of appropriations. Reduction shall be because of changes in requirements and shall not be such as to impair the integrity of budgetary procedures. SECTION 13: There shall be a Public Custodian, appointed by the President and removable by him, who shall have charge of properties belonging to the government, but not allocated to specific agencies, who shall administer common public services, shall have charge of building construction and rentals, and shall have such other duties as may be designated by the President or the designated Vice Presidents. SECTION 14: There shall be an Intendant responsible to the President who shall supervise Offices for Intelligence and Investigation; also an Office of Emergency Organization with the duty of providing plans and procedures for such contingencies as can be anticipated. The Intendant shall also charter nonprofit corporations (or foundations), unless the President shall object, determined by him to be for useful public purposes. Such corporations shall be exempt from taxation but shall conduct no profit-making enterprises. SECTION 15: The Intendant shall also be a counselor for the coordination of scientific and cultural experiments, and for studies within the government and elsewhere, and for this purpose shall employ such assistance as may be found necessary. SECTION 16: Offices for other purposes may be established and may be discontinued by presidential order within the funds allocated in the procedures of appropriation. --- ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Branch: (The Senate and the House of Representatives): A. The Senate SECTION 1: There shall be a Senate with membership as follows: If they so desire, former Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Principal Justices, Overseers, Chairmen of the Planning and Regulatory Boards, Governors having had more than seven years service, and unsuccessful candidates for the presidency and vice-presidency who have received at least 30 percent of the vote. To be appointed by the President, three persons who have been Chancellors, two officials from the civil services, two officials from the diplomatic services, two senior military officers, also one person from a panel of three, elected in a process approved by the Overseer, by each of twelve such groups or associations as the President may recognize from time to time to be nationally representative, but none shall be a political or religious group, no individual selected shall have been paid by any private interest to influence government, and any association objected to by the Senate shall not be recognized. Similarly, to be appointed by the Principal Justice, two persons distinguished in public law and two former members of the High Courts or the Judicial Council. Also, to be elected by the House of Representatives, three members who have served six or more years. Vacancies shall be filled as they occur. SECTION 2: Membership shall continue for life, except that absences not provided for by rule shall constitute retirement, and that Senators may retire voluntarily. SECTION 3: The Senate shall elect as presiding officer a Convener who shall serve for two years, when his further service may be discontinued by a majority vote. Other officers, including a Deputy, shall be appointed by the Convener unless the Senate shall object. SECTION 4: The Senate shall meet each year on the second Tuesday in July and shall be in continuous session, but may adjourn to the call of the Convener. A quorum shall be more than three-fifths of the whole membership. SECTION 5: The Senate shall consider, and return within thirty days, all measures approved by the House of Representatives (except the annual budget). Approval or disapproval shall be by a majority vote of those present. Objection shall stand unless the House of Representatives shall overcome it by a majority vote plus one; if no return be made, approval by the House of Representatives shall be final. For consideration of laws passed by the House of Representatives or for other purposes, the Convener may appoint appropriate committees. SECTION 6: The Senate may ask advice from the Principal Justice concerning the constitutionality of measures before it; and if this be done, the time for return to the House of Representatives may extend to ninety days. SECTION 7: If requested, the Senate may advise the President on matters of public interest; or, if not requested, by resolution approved by two-thirds of those present. There shall be a special duty to expressions of concern during party conventions and commitments made during campaigns; and if these be neglected, to remind the President and the House of Representatives that these undertakings are to be considered. SECTION 8: In time of present or prospective danger caused by cataclysm, by attack, or by insurrection, the Senate may declare a national emergency and may authorize the President to take appropriate action. If the Senate be dispersed, and no quorum available, the President may proclaim the emergency, and may terminate it unless the Senate shall have acted. If the President be not available, and the circumstances extreme, the senior serving member of the presidential succession may act until a quorum assembles. SECTION 9: The Senate may also define and declare a limited emergency in time of prospective danger, or of local or regional disaster, or if an extraordinary advantage be anticipated. It shall be considered by the House of Representatives within three days and, unless disapproved, may extend for a designated period and for a limited area before renewal. Extraordinary expenditures during emergency may be approved, without regard to usual budget procedures, by the House of Representatives with the concurrence of the President. SECTION 10: The Senate, at the beginning of each session, shall select three of its members to constitute a National Security Committee to be consulted by the President in emergencies requiring the deployment of the armed forces abroad. If the Committee dissent from the President's proposal, it shall report to the Senate, whose decision shall be final. SECTION 11: The Senate shall elect, or may remove, a National Watchkeeper, and shall oversee, through a standing committee, a Watchkeeping Service conducted according to rules formulated for their approval. With the assistance of an appropriate staff the Watchkeeper shall gather and organize information concerning the adequacy, competence, and integrity of governmental agencies and their personnel, as well as their continued usefulness; and shall also suggest the need for new or expanded services, making report concerning any agency of the deleterious effect of its activities on citizens or on the environment. The Watchkeeper shall entertain petitions for the redress of grievances and shall advise the appropriate agencies if there be need for action. For all these purposes, personnel may be appointed, investigations made, witnesses examined, post audits made, and information required. The Convener shall present the Watchkeeper's findings to the Senate, and if it be judged to be in the public interest, they shall be made public or, without being made public, be sent to the appropriate agency for its guidance and such action as may be needed. On recommendation of the Watchkeeper the Senate may initiate corrective measures to be voted on by the House of Representatives within thirty days. When approved by a majority and not vetoed by the President, they shall become law. For the Watchkeeping Service one-quarter of one percent of individual net taxable incomes shall be held by the Chancellor of Financial Affairs; but amounts not expended in any fiscal year shall be available for general use. B. The House of Representatives SECTION 1: The House of Representatives shall be original lawmaking body of the Newstates of America. SECTION 2: It shall convene each year on the second Tuesday in July and shall remain in continuous session except that it may adjourn to the call of a Speaker, elected by a majority vote from among the Representatives-at-large, who shall be its presiding officer. SECTION 3: It shall be a duty to implement the provisions of this constitution and, in legislature to be guided by them. SECTION 4: Party leaders and their deputies shall be chosen by caucus at the beginning of each session. SECTION 5: Standing and temporary committees shall be selected as follows: Committees dealing with the calendaring and management of bills shall have a majority of members nominated to party caucuses by the Speaker; other members shall be nominated by minority leaders. Membership shall correspond to the parties' proportions at the last election. If nominations be not approved by a majority of the caucus, the Speaker or the minority leaders shall nominate others until a majority shall approve. Members of other committees shall be chosen by party caucus in proportion to the results of the last election. Chairmen shall be elected annually from among at-large-members. Bills referred to committees shall be returned to the house with recommendations within sixty days unless extension be voted by the House. In all committee actions names of those voting for and against shall be recorded. No committee chairman may serve longer than six years. SECTION 6: Approved legislation, not objected to by the Senate within the allotted time, shall be presented to the President for his approval or disapproval. If the President disapprove, and three- quarters of the House membership still approve, it shall become law. The names of those voting for and against shall be recorded. Bills not returned within eleven days shall become law. SECTION 7: The President may have thirty days to consider measures approved by the House unless they shall have been submitted twelve days previous to adjournment. SECTION 8: The house shall consider promptly the annual budget; if there be objection, it shall be notified to the Planning Board; The Board shall then resubmit through the President; and, with his comments, it shall be returned to the House. If there still be objection by a two-thirds majority, the House shall prevail. Objection must be by whole title; titles not objected to when voted on shall constitute appropriation. The budget for the fiscal year shall be in effect on January 1. Titles not yet acted on shall be as in the former budget until action be completed. SECTION 9: It shall be the duty of the House to make laws concerning taxes. 1. For their laying and collection: a. They shall be uniform, and shall not be retroactive. b. Except such as may be authorized by law to be laid by Authorities, or by the Newstates, all collections shall be made by a national revenue agency. This shall include collections for trust funds hereinafter authorized. c. Except for corporate levies to be held in the National Sharing Fund, hereinafter authorized, taxes may be collected only from individuals and only from incomes; but there may be withholding from current incomes. d. To assist in the maintenance of economic stability, the President may be authorized to alter rates by executive order. e. They shall be imposed on profitmaking enterprises owned or conducted by religious establishments or other nonprofit organizations. f. There shall be none on food, medicines, residential rentals, or commodities or services designated by law as necessities; and there shall be no double taxation. g. None shall be levied for registering ownership or transfer of property. 2. For expenditure from revenues: a. For the purposes detailed in the annual budget unless objection be made by the procedure prescribed herein. b. For such other purposes as the House may indicate and require the Planning Board to include in revision of the budget; but, except in declared emergency, the total may not exceed the President's estimate of available funds. 3. For fixing the percentage of net corporate taxable incomes to be paid into a National Sharing Fund to be held in the custody of the Chancellor of Financial Affairs and made available for such welfare and environmental purposes as are authorized by law. 4. To provide for the regulation of commerce with other nations and among the Newstates, Possessions, Territories; or, as shall be mutually agreed, with other organized governments; but exports shall not be taxed; and imports shall not be taxed except on recommendation of the President at rates whose allowable variations shall have been fixed by law. There shall be no quotas, and no nations favored by special rates, unless by special acts requiring two-thirds majorities. 5. To establish, or provide for the establishment of institutions for the safekeeping of savings, for the gathering and distribution of capital, for the issuance of credit, for regulating the coinage of money, for controlling the media of exchange, and for stabilizing prices; but such institutions, when not public or semipublic, shall be regarded as affected with the public interest and shall be supervised by the Chancellor of Financial Affairs. 6. To establish institutions for insurance against risks and liabilities for communication, transportation, and others commonly used and necessary for public convenience. 7. To ensure the maintenance, by ownership or regulation, of facilities for communication, transportation, and others commonly used and necessary for public convenience. * 8. To assist in the maintenance of world order, and, for this purpose, when the President shall recommend to vest jurisdiction in international legislative, judicial, or administrative agencies. 9. To develop with other peoples, and for the benefit of all, the resources of space, of other bodies in the universe, and of the seas beyond twelve miles from low-water shores unless treaties shall provide other limits. 10. To assist other peoples who have not attained satisfactory levels of well-being; to delegate the administration of funds for assistance, whenever possible, to international agencies; and to invest in or contribute to the furthering of development in other parts of the world. 11. To assure, or to assist in assuring, adequate and equal facilities for education; for training in occupations citizens may be fitted to pursue; and to reeducate or retrain those whose occupations may become obsolete. 12. To establish or to assist institutions devoted to higher education, to research, or to technical training. 13. To establish and maintain, or assist in maintaining, libraries, archives, monuments, and other places of historic interest. 14. To assist in the advancement of sciences and technologies; and to encourage cultural activities. 15. To conserve natural resources by purchase, by withdrawal from use, or by regulation; to provide, or to assist in providing, facilities for recreation; to establish and maintain parks, forests, wilderness areas, wetlands, and prairies; to improve streams and other waters; to ensure the purity of air and water; to control the erosion of soils; and to provide for all else necessary for the protection and common use of the national heritage. 16. To acquire property and improvements for public use at costs to be fixed, if necessary, by the Court of Claims. 17. To prevent the stoppage or hindrance of governmental procedures, or other activities affected with a public interest as defined by law, by reason of disputes between employers and employees, or for other reasons, and for this purpose to provide for conclusive arbitration if adequate provision for collective bargaining fail. From such findings there may be appeal to the Court of Arbitration Review; but such proceedings may not stay the acceptance of findings. 18. To support an adequate civil service for the performance of such duties as may be designated by administrators; and for this purpose to refrain from interference with the processes of appointment of placement, asking advice or testimony before committees only with the consent of appropriate superiors. 19. To provide for the maintenance of armed forces. 20. To enact such measures as will assist families in making adjustment to future conditions, using estimates concerning population and resources made by the Planning Board. 21. To vote within ninety days on such measures as the President may designate as urgent. --- ARTICLE VII: The Regulatory Branch: SECTION 1: There shall be a Regulatory Branch, and there shall be a National Regulator chosen by majority vote of the Senate and removable by a two-thirds vote of that body. His term shall be seven years, and he shall make and administer rules for the conduct of all economic enterprises. The Regulatory Branch shall have such agencies as the Board may find necessary and are not disapproved by law. SECTION 2: The Regulatory Board shall consist of seventeen members recommended to the Senate by the Regulator. Unless rejected by majority vote they shall act with the Regulator as a lawmaking body for industry. They shall initially have terms of one to seventeen years, one being replaced each year and serving for seventeen years. They shall be compensated and shall have no other occupation. SECTION 3: Under procedures approved by the Board, the Regulator shall charter all corporations or enterprises except those exempted because of size or other characteristics, or those supervised by the Chancellor of Financial Affairs, or by the Intendant, or those whose activities are confined to one Newstate. Charters shall describe proposed activities, and departure from these shall require amendment on penalty of revocation. For this purpose there shall be investigation and enforcement services under the direction of the Regulator. SECTION 4: Chartered enterprises in similar industries or occupations may organize joint Authorities. These may formulate among themselves codes to ensure fair competition, meet external costs, set standards for quality and service, expand trade, increase production, eliminate waste, and assist in standardization. Authorities may maintain for common use services for research and communication; but membership shall be open to all eligible enterprises. Nonmembers shall be required to maintain the same standards as those prescribed for members. SECTION 5: Authorities shall have governing committees of five, two being appointed by the Regulator to represent the public. They shall serve as he may determine; they shall be compensated; and he shall take care that there be no conflicts of interest. The Board may approve or prescribe rules for the distribution of profits to stockholders, allowable amounts of working capital, and reserves. Costing and all other practices affecting the public interest shall be monitored. All codes shall be subject to review by the Regulator with his board. SECTION 6: Member enterprises of an Authority shall be exempt from other regulation. SECTION 7: The regulator, with his Board, shall fix standards and procedures for mergers of enterprises or the acquisition of some by others; and these shall be in effect unless rejected by the Court of Administrative Settlements. The purpose shall be to encourage adaptation to change and to further approved intentions for the nation. SECTION 8: The charters of enterprises may be revoked and Authorities may be dissolved by the Regulator, with the concurrence of the Board, if they restrict the production of goods and services, or controls of their prices; also if external costs are not assessed to their originators or if the ecological impacts of their operations are deleterious. SECTION 9: Operations extending abroad shall conform to policies notified to the Regulator by the President; and he shall restrict or control such activities as appear to injure the national interest. SECTION 10: The Regulator shall make rules for and shall supervise marketplaces for goods and services; but this shall not include security exchanges regulated by the Chancellor of Financial Affairs. SECTION 11: Designation of enterprises affected with a public interest, rules for conduct of enterprises and of their Authorities, and other actions of the Regulator or of the Boards may be appealed to the Court of Administrative Settlements, whose judgments shall be informed by the intention to establish fairness to consumers and competitors and stability in economic affairs. SECTION 12: Responsible also to the Regulator, there shall be an Operations Commission appointed by the Regulator, unless the Senate object, for the supervision of enterprises owned in whole or in part by government. The commission shall choose its chairman, and he shall be the executive head of a supervisory staff. He may require reports, conduct investigations, and make rules and recommendations concerning surpluses or deficits, the absorption of external costs, standards of service, and rates or prices charged for services or goods. Each enterprise shall have a director, chosen by and removable by the Commission; and he shall conduct its affairs in accordance with standards fixed by the Commission. --- ARTICLE VIII: The Judicial Branch: SECTION 1: There shall be a Principal Justice of the Newstates for America; a Judicial Council; and a Judicial Assembly. There shall also be a Supreme Court and a High Court of Appeals; also Courts of Claims, Rights and Duties, Administrative Review, Arbitration Settlements, Tax Appeals, and Appeals from Watchkeeper's Findings. There shall be Circuit Courts to be of first resort in suits brought under national law; and they shall hear appeals from courts of the Newstates. Other courts may be established by law on recommendation of the Principal Justice with the Judicial Council. SECTION 2: The Principal Justice shall preside over the judicial system, shall appoint the members of all national courts, and unless the Judicial Council object, shall make its rules; also, through an Administrator, supervise its operations. SECTION 3: The Judicial Assembly shall consist of Circuit Court Judges, together with those of the High Courts of the Newstates of America and those of the highest courts of the Newstates. It shall meet annually, or at the call of the Principal Justice, to consider the state of the Judiciary and such other matters as may be laid before it. It shall also meet at the call of the Convener to nominate three candidates for the Principal Justiceship whenever a vacancy shall occur. From these nominees the Senate shall choose the one having the most votes. SECTION 4: The Principal Justice, unless the Senate object to any, shall appoint a Judicial Council of five members to serve during his incumbency. He shall designate a senior member who shall preside in his absence. It shall be the duty of the Council, under the direction of the Principal Justice, to study the courts in operation, to prepare codes of ethics to be observed by members, and to suggest changes in procedure. The Council may ask the advice of the Judicial Assembly. It shall also be a duty of the Council, as hereinafter provided, to suggest Constitutional amendments when they appear to be necessary; and it shall also draft revisions if they shall be required. Further it shall examine, and from time to time cause to be revised, civil and criminal codes; these, when approved by the Judicial Assembly, shall be in effect throughout the nation. SECTION 5: The Principal Justice shall have a term of eleven years; but if at any time the incumbent resign or be disabled from continuing in office, as may be determined by the Senate, replacement shall be by the senior member of the Judicial Council until a new selection be made. After six years the Assembly may provide, by a two-thirds vote, for discontinuance in office, and a successor shall then be chosen. SECTION 6: The Principal Justice may suspend members of any court for incapacity or violation of rules; and the separation shall be final if a majority of the Council agree. For each court the Principal Justice shall, from time to time, appoint a member who shall preside. SECTION 7: A presiding judge may decide, with the concurrence of the senior judge, that there may be pretrial proceedings, that criminal trials shall be conducted by either investigatory or adversary proceedings, and whether there shall be a jury and what the number of jurors shall be; but investigatory proceedings shall require a bench of three. SECTION 8: In deciding on the concordance of statutes with the Constitution, the Supreme Court shall return to the House of Representatives such as it cannot construe. If the House fail to make return within ninety days the Court may interpret. SECTION 9: The Principal Justice, or the President, may grant pardons or reprieves. SECTION 10: The High Courts shall have thirteen members; but nine members, chosen by then senior justices from time to time, shall constitute a court. The justices on leave shall be subject to recall. Other courts shall have nine members; but seven, chosen by their senior, shall constitute a court. All shall be in continuous session except for recesses approved by the Principal Justice. SECTION 11: The Principal Justice, with the Council, may advise the Senate, when requested, concerning the appropriateness of measures approved by the House of Representatives; and may also advise the President, when requested, on matters he may refer for consultation. SECTION 12: It shall be for other branches to accept and to enforce judicial decrees. SECTION 13: The High Court of Appeals may select applications for further consideration by the Supreme Court of decisions reached by other courts, including those of the Newstates. If it agree that there be a constitutional issue it may make preliminary judgment to be reviewed without hearing, and finally, by the Supreme Court. SECTION 14: The supreme Court may decide: a. Whether, in litigation coming to it on appeal, constitutional provisions have been violated or standards have not been met. b. On the application of constitutional provisions to suits involving the Newstates. c. Whether international law, as recognized in treaties, United Nations agreements, or arrangements with other nations, has been ignored or violated. d. Other causes involving the interpretation of constitutional provisions; except that in holding any branch to have exceeded its powers the decision shall be suspended until the Judicial Court shall have determined whether, in order to avoid confrontation, procedures for amendment of the Constitution are appropriate. If amendatory proceedings are instituted, decision shall await the outcome. SECTION 15: The Courts of the Newstates shall have initial jurisdiction in cases arising under their laws except those involving the Newstate itself or those reserved for national courts by a rule of the Principal Justice with the Judicial Council. --- ARTICLE IX: General Provisions: SECTION 1: Qualifications for participation in democratic procedures as a citizen, and eligibility for office, shall be subject to repeated study and redefinition; but any change in qualification or eligibility shall become effective only if not disapproved by the Congress. For this purpose a permanent Citizenship and Qualifications Commission shall be constituted, four members to be appointed by the President, three by the Convener of the Senate, three by the Speaker of the House, and three by the Principal Justice. Vacancies shall be filled as they occur. The members shall choose a chairman; they shall have suitable assistants and accommodations; and they may have other occupations. Recommendations of the commission shall be presented to the President and shall be transmitted to the House of Representatives with comments. They shall have a preferred place on the calendar and, if approved, shall be in effect. SECTION 2: Areas necessary for the uses of government may be acquired at its valuation and may be maintained as the public interest may require. Such areas shall have self-government in matters of local concern. SECTION 3: The President may negotiate for the acquisition of areas outside the Newstates of America, and, if the Senate approve, may provide for their organization as Possessions or Territories. SECTION 4: The President may make agreements with other organized peoples for a relation other than full membership in the Newstates of America. They may become citizens and may participate in the selection of officials. TO CONTINUE READING: Click any of the links at the top of this description to see the PDF file.

Links: New York Times Archive: https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/19/archives/report-from-iron-mountain.html Download the pdf here: https://archive.org/details/lewin-l.-c.-report-from-iron-mountain-and-nyt-article-1967/page/n147/mode/2up Iron Mountain: Blueprint for Tyranny Narrated by Milton William Cooper (1993, restored) https://rumble.com/v331lwy-iron-mountain-blueprint-for-tyranny-narrated-by-milton-william-cooper-1993.html Disclaimer for the Iron Mountain Report: This audiobook presents the "Report from Iron Mountain on the Possibility and Desirability of Peace." This document emerged in the mid-1960s and purports to be the findings of an anonymous "Special Study Group," supposedly convened at high governmental levels to delve into the consequences of a lasting peace on American society. Listeners should be mindful of the following context: 1. Origins: Upon its release, the report stirred considerable controversy and debate concerning its authenticity. After years of ambiguity, Leonard Lewin came forward stating he authored the report as a satirical work. 2. Purpose: Lewin's assertion was that the report aimed to provoke thought and discussion around the prevailing ideologies and mentalities during the Cold War era. 3. Nature of the Content: The views and recommendations contained within this report are presented in a sincere manner, but, given its contentious history, the genuine nature of the document remains a topic of discussion. In light of Lewin's later admission, the veracity of the report has been called into question. However, it's worth noting that this admission came after years of silence. As with many works of this nature, the lines between fact, fiction, and satire can often blur. I leave it to you, the listener, to draw your own conclusions about its authenticity and implications. Here is the New York Times, March 19th, 1972 article where Leonard Lewin eventually said it was satire: The book came out in November, 1967, and generated controversy as soon as appeared. It purported to be the secret report of an anonymous “Special Study Group,” set up, presumably at a very high level of government, to determine the consequences to American society of “permanent” peace, and to draft a program to deal with them. Its conclusions seemed shocking.some of the harder questions of war and peace. But those who felt their own oxen gored—who could identify themselves in some way with the government, the military, “systems analysis,” the established order of power—were not. They attacked, variously, the substance of the Report; the competence of those who praised its effectiveness; and the motives of whomever they assigned the obloquy of authorship, often charging him with a disingenuous sympathy for the Report's point of view. The more important think‐tankers, not unreasonably seeing the book as an indictment of their own collective moral sensibilities and intellectual pretensions, proffered literary as well as political judgments: very bad satire, declared Herman Kahn; lacking in bite, wrote Henry Rowen, of Rand. Whoever wrote it is an idiot, said Henry Kissinger. A handful of far‐right zealots and eccentrics predictably applauded the conclusions. This commission found: that even in the unlikely event that a lasting peace should prove “attainable,” it would almost surely be undesirable; that the “war system” is essential to the functioning of a stable society; that until adequate replacement for it might, be developed, wars and an “optimum” annual number of war deaths should be methodically planned and budgeted. And much more. Most of the Report deals with the “basic” functions of war (economic, political, sociological, ecological, etc.) and with possible substitutes to serve them, which were examined and found wanting. The text is preceded by my foreword, along with other background furnished by the “John Doe” who made the Report available. The first question raised, of course, was that of its authenticity. But government spokesmen were oddly cautious in phrasing their denials, and for a short time, at least in Washington, more speculation was addressed to the identity of the Group's members and of their sponsorship than to whether the Report was an actual quasi‐official document. (The editors of Trans‐action magazine, which ran an extensive round‐up of opinion on the book, noted that government officials, as a class, were those most likely to accept it as the real thing.) Eventually, however, in the absence of definitive confirmation either way, commentators tended to agree that it must be a political satire. In that case, who could have written it? Among the dozens of names mentioned, those of J. K. Galbraith and myself appeared most often, along with a mix of academics, politicians, think‐tank drop‐outs, and writers. Most reviewers, relatively uncontaminated by overexposure to real‐politik, were generous to what they saw as the author's intentions: to expose a kind of thinking in high places that was all too authentic, influential, and dangerous, and to stimulate more public discussion of Leonard Lewin's next book is “Triage.” That's as much background as I have room for, before destroying whatever residuum of suspense may still persist about the book's authorship. I wrote the “Report,” all of it. (How it came about and who was privy to the plot I'll have to discuss elsewhere.) But why as a hoax? What I intended was simply to pose the issues of war and peace in a provocative way. To deal with the essential absurdity of the fact that the war system, however much deplored, is nevertheless accepted as part of the necessary order of things. To caricature the bankruptcy of the thinktank mentality by pursuing its style of scientistic thinking to its logical ends. And perhaps, with luck, to extend the scope of public discussion of “peace planning” beyond its usual stodgy limits. Several sympathetic critics of the book felt that the guessing‐games it set off tended to deflect attention from those objectives, and thus to dilute its effects. To be sure. Yet if the “argument” of the Report had not been hyped up by its ambiguous authenticity—is it, just possibly for real?—its serious implications wouldn't have been discussed either. At all. This may be a brutal commentary on what it sometimes takes to get conspicuous exposure in the supermarket of political ideas, or it may only exemplify how an oblique approach may work when direct engagement fails. At any rate, the whodone‐it aspect of the book was eventually superseded by sober critiques. At this point it became clear that whatever surviving utility the Report might have, if any, would be as a point‐of‐departure book—for the questions it raises, not for the specious “answers” it purports to offer. And it seemed to me that unless a minimum of uncertainty about its origins could be sustained—i.e., so long as I didn't explicitly acknowledge writing it—its value as a model for this kind of “policy analysis” might soon be dissipated. So I continued to play the nocomment game. Until now. The charade is over, whatever is left of it. For the satirical conceit of Iron Mountain, like so many others, has been overtaken by the political phenomena it attacked. I'm referring to those other documents—real ones, and verifiable—that have appeared in print. The Pentagon papers were not written by someone like me. Neither was the Defense Department's Pax Americana study (how to take over Latin America). Nor was the script of Mr. Kissinger's “Special Action Group,” reported by Jack Anderson (how to help Pakistan against India while pretending to be neutral). So far as I know, no one has challenged the authenticity of these examples of high‐level strategic thinking. I believe a disinterested reader would agree that sections of them are as outrageous, morally and intellectually, as any of the Iron Mountain inventions. No, the revelations lay rather in the style of the reasoning—the profound cynicism, the contempt for public opinion. Some of the documents read like parodies of Iron Mountain, rather than the reverse. These new developments may have helped fuel the debates the book continues to ignite, but they raised a new problem for me. It was that the balance of uncertainty about the book's authorship could “tilt,” as Kissinger might say, the other way. (Was that Defense order for 5,000‐odd paperbacks, some one might ask, really for routine distribution to overseas libraries—or was it for another, more sinister, purpose?) I'm glad my own Special Defense Contingency Plan included planting two nonexistent references in the book's footnotes to help me prove, if I ever have to, that the work is fictitious. [END OF ARTICLE] Now, let's continue to the REPORT FROM IRON MOUNTAIN: ON THE POSSIBILITY AND DESIRABILITY OF PEACE With introductory material by Leonard C. Lewin The Dial Press, Inc. 1967, New York Library of Congress Catalog card Number 67-27553 Printed in the U.S. CONTENTS: Foreword 3 Background Information 8 Statement by "John Doe" 16 The Report of the Special Study Group 18 Letter of Transmittal 18 Introduction 19 Section 1. Scope of the Study 21 Section 2. Disarmament and the Economy 24 Section 3. Disarmament Scenarios 28 Section 4. War & Peace as Social Systems 30 Section 5. The Functions of War 33 Section 6. Substitutes for the Functions of War 46 Section 7. Summary and Conclusions 59 Section 8. Recommendations 69 NOTES 74 FOREWORD "John Doe," as I will call him in this book for reasons that will be made clear, is a professor at a large university in the Middle West. His field is one of the social sciences, but I will not identify him beyond this. He telephoned me one evening last winter, quite unexpectedly; we had not been in touch for several years. He was in New York for a few days, he said, and there was something important he wanted to discuss with me. He wouldn't say what it was. We met for lunch the next day at a midtown restaurant. He was obviously disturbed. He made small talk for half an hour, which was quite out of character, and I didn't press him. Then, apropos of nothing, he mentioned a dispute between a writer and a prominent political family that had been in the headlines. What, he wanted to know, were my views on "freedom of information"? How would I qualify them? And so on. My answers were not memorable, but they seemed to satisfy him. Then, quite abruptly, he began to tell me the following story: Early in August of 1963, he said, he found a message on his desk that a "Mrs. Potts" had called him from Washington. When he returned the call, a MAN answered immediately, and told Doe, among other things, that he had been selected to serve on a commission "of the highest importance." Its objective was to determine, accurately and realistically, the nature of the problems that would confront the United States if and when a condition of "permanent peace" should arrive, and to draft a program for dealing with this contingency. The man described the unique procedures that were to govern the commission's work and that were expected to extend its scope far beyond that of any previous examination of these problems. Considering that the caller did not precisely identify either himself or his agency, his persuasiveness must have been a truly remarkable order. Doe entertained no serious doubts of the bona fides of the project, however, chiefly because of his previous experience with the excessive secrecy that often surrounds quasi-governmental activities. In addition, the man at the other end of the line demonstrated an impressively complete and surprisingly detailed knowledge of Doe's work and personal life. He also mentioned the names of others who were to serve with the group; most of them were known to Doe by reputation. Doe agreed to take the assignment --- he felt he had no real choice in the matter --- and to appear the second Saturday following at Iron Mountain, New York. An airline ticket arrived in his mail the next morning. The cloak-and-dagger tone of this convocation was further enhanced by the meeting place itself. Iron Mountain, located near the town of Hudson, is like something out of Ian Fleming or E. Phillips Oppenheim. It is an underground nuclear hideout for hundreds of large American corporations. Most of them use it as an emergency storage vault for important documents. But a number of them maintain substitute corporate headquarters as well, where essential personnel could presumably survive and continue to work after an attack. This latter group includes such firms as Standard Oil of New Jersey, Manufacturers Hanover Trust, and Shell. I will leave most of the story of the operations of the Special Study Group, as the commission was formally called, for Doe to tell in his own words ("Background Information"). At this point it is necessary to say only that it met and worked regularly for over two and a half years, after which it produced a Report. It was this document, and what to do about it, that Doe wanted to talk to me about. The Report, he said, had been suppressed --- both by the Special Study Group itself and by the government INTERAGENCY committee to which it had been submitted. After months of agonizing, Doe had decided that he would no longer be party to keeping it secret. What he wanted from me was advice and assistance in having it published. He gave me his copy to read, with the express understanding that if for any reason I were unwilling to become involved, I would say nothing about it to anyone else. I read the Report that same night. I will pass over my own reactions to it, except to say that the unwillingness of Doe's associates to publicize their findings became readily understandable. What had happened was that they had been so tenacious in their determination to deal comprehensively with the many problems of transition to peace that the original questions asked of them were never quite answered. Instead, this is what they concluded: Lasting peace, while no theoretically impossible, is probably unattainable; even if it could be achieved it would almost certainly not be in the best interests of a stable society to achieve it. That is the gist of what they say. Behind their qualified academic language runs this general argument: War fills certain functions essential to the stability of our society; until other ways of filling them are developed, the war system must be maintained -- and improved in effectiveness. It is not surprising that the Group, in its Letter of Transmittal, did not choose to justify its work to "the lay reader, unexposed to the exigencies of higher political or military responsibility." Its Report was addressed, deliberately, to unnamed government administrators of high rank; it assumed - considerable political sophistication from this select audience. To the general reader, therefore, the substance of the document may be even more unsettling than its conclusions. He may not be prepared for some of its assumptions -- for instance, that most medical advances are viewed more as problems than as progress; or that poverty is necessary and desirable, public postures by politicians to the contrary notwithstanding; or that standing armies are, among other things social-welfare institutions in exactly the same sense as are old-people's homes and mental hospitals. It may strike him as odd to find the probably explanation of "flying saucer" incidents disposed of en passant in less than a sentence. He may be less surprised to find that the space program and the "controversial antimissile missile and fallout shelter programs are understood to have the spending of vast sums of money, not the advancement of science or national defense, as their principal goals, and to learn that "military" draft policies are only remotely concerned with defense. He may be offended to find the organized repression of minority groups, and even the reestablishment of slavery, seriously (and on the whole favorably discussed as possible aspects of a world at peace. He is not likely to take kindly to the notion of the deliberate intensification of air and water pollution (as part of a program leading to peace), even when the reason for considering it is made clear. That a world without war will have to turn sooner rather than later to universal test-tube procreation will be less disturbing, if no more appealing. But few readers will not be taken aback, at least, by a few lines in the Report's conclusions, repeated in its formal recommendations, that suggest that the longrange planning--and "budgeting" -- of the "optimum" number of lives to be destroyed annually in overt warfare is high on the Group's list of priorities for government action. I cite these few examples primarily to warn the general reader what he can expect. The statesmen and strategists for whose eyes the Report was intended obviously need no such protective admonition. This book, of course, is evidence of my response to Doe's request. After carefully considering the problems that might confront the publisher of the Report, we took it to The Dial Press. There, its significance was immediately recognized, and, more important, we were given firm assurances that no outside pressures of any sort would be permitted to interfere with its publication. It should be made clear that Doe does not disagree with the substance of the Report, which represents as genuine consensus in all important respects. He constituted a minority of one -- but only on the issue of disclosing it to the general public. A look at how the Group dealt with this question will be illuminating. The debate took place at the Group's last full meeting before the Report was written, late in March, 1966, and again at Iron Mountain. Two facts must be kept in mind, by way of background. The first is that the Special Study Group had never been explicitly charged with or sworn to secrecy, either when it was convened or at any time thereafter. The second is that the Group had nevertheless operated as if it had been. This was assumed from the circumstances of its inception and from the tone of its instructions. (The Group's acknowledgment of help from "the many persons....who contributed so greatly to our work" is somewhat equivocal; these persons were not told the nature of the project for which their special resources of information were solicited.) Those who argued the case for keeping the Report secret were admittedly motivated by fear of the explosive political effects that could be expected from publicity. For evidence, they pointed to the suppression of the far less controversial report of then-Senator Hubert Humphrey's subcommittee on disarmament in 1962. (Subcommittee members had reportedly feared that it might be used by Communist propagandists, as Senator Stuart Symington put it, to "back up the Marxian theory that was production was the reason for the success of capitalism.") Similar political precautions had been taken with the better-known Gaither Report in 1957, and even with the so-called Moynihan Report in 1965. Furthermore, they insisted, a distinction must be made between serious studies, which are normally classified unless and until policy makers decide to release them, and conventional "showcase" projects, organized to demonstrate a political leadership's concerns about an issue and to deflect the energy of those pressing for action on it. (The example used, because some of the Group had participated in it, was a "While House Conference" on intended cooperation, disarmament, etc., which had been staged late in 1965 to offset complaints about escalation of Vietnam War.) Doe acknowledges this distinction, as well as the strong possibility of public misunderstanding. But he feels that if the sponsoring agency had wanted to mandate secrecy it could have done so at the outset. It could also have assigned the project to one of the government's established "think tanks," which normally work on a classified basis. He scoffed at fear of public reaction, which could have no lasting effect on long-range measures that might be taken to implement the Group's proposals, and derided the Group's abdication of responsibility for its opinions and conclusions. So far as he was concerned, there was such a thing as a public right to know what was being done on its behalf; the burden of proof was on those who would abridge it. If my account seems to give Doe the better of the argument, despite his failure to convince his colleagues, so be it. My participation in this book testifies that I am not neutral. In my opinion, the decision of the Special Study Group to censor its own findings was not merely timid but presumptuous. But the refusal, as of this writing, of the agencies for which the Report was prepared to release it themselves raises broader questions of public policy. Such questions center on the continuing use of self-serve definitions of "security" to avoid possible political embarrassment. It is ironic how often this practice backfires. I should state, for the record, that I do not share the attitudes toward war and peace, life and death, and survival of the species manifested in the Report. Few readers will. In human terms, it is an outrageous document. But it does represent a serious and challenging effort to define an enormous problem. And it explains, or certainly appears to explain, aspects of American policy otherwise incomprehensible by the ordinary standards of common sense. What we may think of these explanations is something else, but it seems to me that we are entitled to know not only what they are but whose they are. By "whose" I don't mean merely the names of the authors of the Report. Much more important, we have a right to know to what extent their assumptions of social necessity are shared by the decision-makers in our government. Which do they accept and which do they reject? However disturbing the answers, only full and frank discussion offers any conceivable hope of solving the problems raised by the Special Study Group in their Report from Iron Mountain. L.C.L. New York June 1967 BACKGROUND INFORMATION [The following account of the workings of the Special Study Group is taken verbatim from a series of tape recorded interviews I had with "John Doe." The transcript has been edited to minimize the intrusion of my questions and comments, as well as for length, and the sequence has been revised in the interest of continuity. L.C.L.] HOW WAS THE GROUP FORMED? ...The general idea for it, for this kind of study dates back at least to 1961. It started with some of the new people who came in with the Kennedy administration, mostly, I think, with McNamara, Bundy, and Rusk. They were impatient about many things....One of them was that no really serious work had been done about planning for peace---a long-range peace, that is, with long-range planning. Everything that had been written on the subject [before 1961] was superficial. There was insufficient appreciation of the scope of the problem. The main reason for this, of course, was that the idea of a real peace in the world, general disarmament and so on, was looked on as utopian. Or even crack- pot. This is still true, and it's easy enough to understand when you look at what's going on in the world today....It was reflected in the studies that had been made up to that time. They were not realistic... The idea of the Special Study, the exact form it would take, was worked out early in '63...The settlement of the Cuban missile affair had something to do with it, but what helped most to get it moving were the big changes in military spending that were being planned.....Plants being closed, relocations, and so forth. Most of it wasn't made public until much later.... [I understand] it took a long time to select the people for the Group. The calls didn't go out until the summer...... WHO MADE THE SELECTION? That's something I can't tell you. I wasn't involved with the preliminary planning. The first I knew of it was when I was called myself. But three of the people had been in on it, and what the rest of us know we learned from them, about what went on earlier. I do know that it started very informally. I don't know what particular government agency approved the project. WOULD YOU CARE TO MAKE A GUESS? All right---I think it was an ad hoc committee, at the cabinet level, or near it. It had to be. I suppose they gave the organizational job--making arrangements, paying the bills, and so on---to somebody from the State or Defense of the National Security Council. Only one of us was in touch with Washington, and I wasn't the one. But I can tell you that very, very few people knew about us....For instance, there was the Ackley Committee. It was set up after we were. If you read their report---the same old tune---economic reconversion, turning sword plants into plowshare factories...I think you'll wonder if even the President knew about our Group. The Ackley Committee certainly didn't. IS THAT POSSIBLE, REALLY? I MEAN THAT NOT EVEN THE PRESIDENT KNEW OF YOUR COMMISSION? Well, I don't think there's anything odd about the government attacking a problem at two different levels. Or even about two or three [government] agencies working at cross-purposes. It happens all the time. Perhaps the President did know. And I don't mean to denigrate the Ackley Committee, but it was exactly that narrowness of approach that we were supposed to get away from....... You have to remember -- you've read the Report---that what they wanted from us was a different kind of thinking. It was a matter of approach. Herman Kahn calls is "Byzantine"--no agonizing over cultural and religious values. No moral posturing. It's the kind of thinking that Rand and the Hudson Institute and I.D.A. (Institute for Defense Analysis.) brought into war planning...What they asked up to do, and I think we did it, was to give the same kind of treatment to the hypothetical nuclear war...We may have gone further than they expected, but once you establish your premises and your logic you can't turn back.... Kahn's books, for example, are misunderstood, at least by laymen. They shock people. But you see, what's important about them is not his conclusions, or his opinions. It's the method. He has done more than anyone else I can think of to get the general public accustomed to the style of modern military thinking.....Today it's possible for a columnist to write about "counterforce strategy" and "minimum deterrence" and "credible first strike capability" without having to explain every other word. He can write about war and strategy without getting bogged down in questions or morality....... The other big difference about or work is breadth. The Report speaks for itself. I can't say that we took every relevant aspect of life and society into account, but I don't think we missed anything essential... WHY WAS THE PROJECT GIVEN TO AN OUTSIDE COMMISSION? WHY COULDN'T IT HAVE BEEN HANDLED BY AN APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT AGENCY? I think that's obvious, or should be. The kind of thinking wanted from our Group just isn't to be had in a formal government operation. Too many constraints. Too many inhibitions. This isn't a new problem. Why else would outfits like Rand and Hudson stay in business? Any assignment that's at all sophisticated is almost always given to an outside group. This is true even in the State Department, in the "gray" operations, those that are supposed to be unofficial, but are really as official as can be. Also with the C.I.A.... For our study, even the private research centers were too institutional... A lot of thought went into making sure that our thinking would be unrestricted. All kinds of little things. The way we were called into the Group, the places we met, all kinds of subtle devices to remind us. For instance, even our name, the Special Study Group. You know government names. Wouldn't you think we'd have been called "Operation Olive Branch," or "Project Pacifica," or something like that? Nothing like that for us---too allusive, too suggestive. And no minutes of our meetings---too inhibiting.... About who might be reading them. Of course, we took notes for our own use. And among ourselves, we usually called ourselves "The Iron Mountain Boys," or "Our Thing," or whatever came to mind........ WHAT CAN YOU TELL ME ABOUT THE MEMBERS OF THE GROUP? I'll have to stick to generalities....There were fifteen of us. The important thing was that we represented a very wide range of disciplines. And not all academic. People from the natural sciences, the social sciences, even the humanities. We had a lawyer and a businessman. Also, a professional war planner. Also, you should know that everyone in the Group had done work of distinction in at least two different fields. The interdisciplinary element was built in..... It's true that there were no women in the Group, but I don't think that was significant.....We were all American citizens, of course. And all, I can say, in very good health, at least when we began.... You see, the first order of business, at the first meeting, was the reading of dossiers. They were very detailed, and not just professional, but also personal. They included medical histories. I remember one very curious thing, for whatever it's worth. Most of us, and that includes me, had a record of abnormally high uric acid concentrations in the blood...... None of us had ever had this experience, of a public inspection of credentials, or medical reports. It was very disturbing... But it was deliberate. The reason for it was to emphasize that we were supposed to make ALL our own decisions on procedure, without outside rules. This included judging each other's qualifications and making allowances for possible bias. I don't think it affected our work directly, but it made the point it was supposed to make...... That we should ignore absolutely nothing that might conceivably affect our objectivity. [At this point I persuaded Doe that a brief occupational description of the individual members of the Group would serve a useful purpose for readers of the Report. The list which follows was worked out on paper. (It might be more accurate to say it was negotiated)/. The problem was to give as much relevant information as possible without violating Doe's commitment to protect his colleagues' anonymity. It turned out to be very difficult, especially in the cases of those members who are very well known. For this reason, secondary areas of achievement or reputations are usually not shown. The simple alphabetical "names" were assigned by Doe for convenient reference; they bear no intended relation to actual names. "Able" was the Group's Washington contact. It was he who brought and read the dossiers, and who most often acted as chairman. He, "Baker," and "Cox" were the three who had been involved in the preliminary planning. There is no other significance to the order of listing. "Arthur Able" is an historian and political theorist, who has served in government. "Bernard Baker: is a professor of international law and a consultant on government operations. "Charles Cox" is an economist, social critic, and biographer. "John Doe." "Edward Ellis" is a sociologist often involved in public affairs. "Frank Fox" is a cultural anthropologist. "George Green" is a psychologist, educator, and developer of personnel testing systems. "Harold Hill" is a psychiatrist, who has conducted extensive studies of the relationship between individual and group behavior. "John Jones" is a scholar and literary critic. "Martin Miller" is a physical chemist, whose work has received inter- national recognition at the highest level. "Paul Peters" is a biochemist, who has made important discoveries bearing on reproductive processes. "Richard Roe" is a mathematician affiliated with an independent West Coast research institution. "Samuel Smith" is an astronomer, physicist, and communications theorist. "Thomas Taylor" is a systems analyst and war planner, who has written extensively on war, peace, and international relations. "William White" is an industrialist, who has undertaken many special government assignments. HOW DID THE GROUP OPERATE? I MEAN, WHERE AND WHEN DID YOU MEET, AND SO FORTH? We met on the average of once a month. Usually it was on weekends, and usually for two days. We had a few longer sessions, and one that lasted only four hours. .... We met all over the country, always at a different place, except for the first and last times, which were at Iron Mountain. It was like a traveling seminar....Sometimes at hotels, sometimes at universities. Twice we met at summer camps, and once at a private estate, in Virginia. We used a business place in Pittsburgh, and another in Poughkeepsie, [New York]....We never met in Washington, or on government property anywhere....Able would announce the times and places two meetings ahead. They were never changed..... We didn't divide into subcommittees, or anything else that formal. But we all took individual assignments between meetings. A lot of it involved getting information from other people.... Among the fifteen of us, I don't thing there was anybody in the academic or professional world we couldn't call on if we wanted to, and we took advantage of it..... We were paid a very modest per diem. All of it was called "expenses" on the vouchers. We were told not to report it on our tax returns.... The checks were drawn on a special account of Able's at a New York bank. He signed them....I don't know what the study cost. So far as our time and travel were concerned, it couldn't have come to more than the low six-figure range. But the big item must have been computer time, and I have no idea how high this ran...... YOU SAY THAT YOU DON'T THINK YOUR WORK WAS AFFECTED BY PROFESSIONAL BIAS. WHAT ABOUT POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BIAS? IS IT POSSIBLE TO DEAL WITH QUESTIONS OF WAR AND PEACE WITHOUT REFLECTING PERSONAL VALUES? Yes, it is. I can understand your skepticism. But if you had been at any of our meetings you'd have had a very hard time figuring out who were the liberals and who were the conservatives, or who were hawks and who were doves. There IS such a thing as objectivity, and I think we had it... I don't say no one had any emotional reaction to what we were doing. We all did, to some extent. As a matter of fact, two members had heart attacks after we were finished, and I'll be the first to admit it probably wasn't a coincidence. YOU SAID YOU MADE UP YOUR OWN GROUND RULES. WHAT WERE THESE GROUND RULES? The most important were informality and unanimity . By informality I mean that our discussions were open-ended. We went as far afield as any one of us thought we had to. For instance, we spent a lot of time on the relationship between military recruitment policies and industrial employment. Before we were finished with it, we'd gone through the history of western penal codes and any number of comparative psychiatric studies [of draftees and volunteers]. We looked over the organization of the Inca empire. We determined the effects of automation on underdeveloped societies....It was all relevant.... By unanimity, I don't mean that we kept taking votes, like a jury. I mean that we stayed with every issue until we had what the Quakers call a "sense of the meeting." It was time-consuming. But in the long run it saved time. Eventually we all got on the same wavelength, so to speak..... Of course we had differences, and big ones, especially in the beginning... For instance, in Section I you might think we were merely clarifying our instructions. Not so; it took a long time before we all agreed to a strict interpretation.... Roe and Taylor deserve most of the credit for this... There are many things in the Report that look obvious now, but didn't seem so obvious then. For instance, on the relationship of war to social systems. The original premise was conventional, from Clausewitz. .... That war was an "instrument" of broader political values. Able was the only one who challenged this, at first. Fox called his position "perverse." Yet it was Fox who furnished most of the data that led us all to agree with Able eventually. I mention this be- cause I think it's a good example of the way we worked. A triumph of method over cliché...... I certainly don't intend to go into details about who took what side about what, and when. But I will say, to give credit where due, that only Roe, Able, Hill and Taylor were able to see, at the beginning, where our method was taking us. BUT YOU ALWAYS REACHED AGREEMENT, EVENTUALLY? Yes. It's a unanimous report... I don't mean that our sessions were always harmonious. Some of them were rough. The last six months there was a lot of quibbling about small points... We'd been under pressure for a long time, we'd been working together too long. It was natural.....that we got on each other's nerves. For a while Able and Taylor weren't speaking to each other. Miller threatened to quit. But this all passed. There were no important differences... HOW WAS THE REPORT ACTUALLY WRITTEN? WHO DID THE WRITING? We all had a hand in the first draft. Jones and Able put it together, and then mailed it round for review before working out a final version... The only problems were the form it should take and whom we were writing it for. And, of course, the question of disclosure.... [Doe's comments on this point are summarized in the introduction.] YOU MENTIONED A "PEACE GAMES" MANUAL. WHAT ARE PEACE GAMES? I wanted to say something about that. The Report barely mentions it. "Peace games" is a method we developed during the course of the study. It's a forecasting technique, an information system. I'm very excited about it. Even if nothing is done about our recommendations--which is conceivable--this is something that can't be ignored. It will revolutionize the study of social problems. It's a by-product of the study. We needed a fast, dependable procedure to approximate the effects of disparate social phenomena on other social phenomena. We got it. It's in a primitive phase, but it works. HOW ARE PEACE GAMES PLAYED? ARE THEY LIKE RAND'S WAR GAMES? You don't "play" peace games, like chess or Monopoly, any more than you play war games with toy soldiers. You use computers. It's a programming system. A computer "language," like Fortran, or Algol, or Jovial.... Its advantage is its superior capacity to interrelate data with no apparent common points of reference.... A simple analogy is likely to be misleading. But I can give you some examples. For instance, supposing I asked you to figure out what effect a moon landing by U.S. astronauts would have on an election in, say, Sweden. Or what effect a change in the draft law--a specific change--would have on the value of real estate in downtown Manhattan? Or a certain change in college entrance requirements in the United States on the British shipping industry? You would probably say, first, that there would be no effect to speak of, and second, that there would be no way of telling. But you'd be wrong on both counts. In each case there would be an effect, and the peace games method could tell you what it would be, quantitatively. I didn't take these examples out of the air. We used them in working out the method....Essentially, it's an elaborate high-speed trial-and-error system for determining working algorithms. Like most sophisticated types of computer problem-solving... A lot of the "games" of this kind you read about are just glorified and conversational exercises. They really are games, and nothing more. I just saw one reported in the Canadian Computer Society Bulletin, called a "Vietnam Peace Game." They use simulation techniques, but the programming hypotheses are speculative.... The idea of a problem-solving system like this is not original with us. ARPA (the Advanced Research Projects Agency, of the Department of Defense DoD.) has been working on something like it. So has General Electric, in California. There are others..... We were successful not because we know more than they do about programming, which we don't, but because we leaned how to formulate the problems accurately. It goes back to the old saw. You can always find the answer if you know the right question..... SUPPOSING YOU HADN'T DEVELOPED THIS METHOD. WOULD YOU HAVE COME TO THE SAME CONCLUSIONS IN THE REPORT? Certainly. But it would have taken many times longer. But please don't misunderstand my enthusiasm [about the peace games method]. With all due respect to the effects of computer technology on modern thinking, basic judgments must still be made by human beings. The peace games technique isn't responsible for our Report. We are. STATEMENT BY "JOHN DOE" Contrary to the decision of the Special Study Group, of which I was a member, I have arranged for the general release of our Report. I am grateful to Mr. Leonard C. Lewin for his invaluable assistance in making this possible, and to The Dial Press for accepting the challenge of publication. Responsibility for taking this step, however, is mine and mine alone. I am well aware that my action may be taken as a breach of faith by some of my former colleagues. But in my view my responsibility to the society for which I am a part supersedes any self-assumed obligation on the part of fifteen individual men. Since our Report can be considered on its merits, it is not necessary for me to disclose their identity to accomplish my purpose. Yet I gladly abandon my own anonymity it is were possible to do so without at the same time comprising theirs, to defend our work publicly if and when they release me from this personal bond. But this is secondary. What is needed now, and needed badly, is widespread public discussion and debate about the elements of war and the problems of peace. I hope that publication of this Report will serve to initiate it. THE REPORT OF THE SPECIAL STUDY GROUP LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To the convener of this Group: Attached is the Report of the Special Study Group established by you in August, 1963, 1) to consider the problems involved in the contingency of a transition to a general condition of peace, and 2) to recommend procedures for dealing with this contingency. For the convenience of nontechnical readers we have elected to submit our statistical supporting data, totaling 604 exhibits, separately, as well as a preliminary manual of the "peace games" method devised during the course of our study. We have completed our assignment to the best of our ability, subject to the limitations of time and resources available to us. Our conclusions of fact and our recommendations are unanimous; those of use who differ in certain secondary respects from the findings set forth herein do not consider these differences sufficient to warrant the filing of a minority report. It is our earnest hope that the fruits of our deliberations will be of value to our government in its efforts to provide leadership to the nation in solving the complex and far reaching problems we have examined, and that our recommendations for subsequent Presidential action in this area will be adopted.Because of the unusual circumstances surrounding the establishment of this Group, and in view of the nature of its findings, we do not recommend that this Report be released for publication. It is our affirmative judgment that such action would not be in the public interest. The uncertain advantages of public discussion of our conclusions and recommendations are, in our opinion, greatly outweighed by the clear and predictable danger of a crisis in public confidence which untimely publication of this Report might be expected to provoke. The likelihood that a lay reader, unexposed to the exigencies of higher political or military responsibility, will misconstrue the purpose of this project, and the intent of its participants, seems obvious. We urge that circulation of this Report be closely restricted to those whose responsibilities require that they be apprised of its contents. We deeply regret that the necessity of anonymity, a prerequisite to our Group's unhindered pursuit of its objectives, precludes proper acknowledgment of our gratitude to the many persons in and out of government who contributed so greatly to our work. FOR THE SPECIAL STUDY GROUP [signature withheld for publication] 30 SEPTEMBER, 1966 INTRODUCTION The Report which follows summarizes the results of a two-and-a-half-year study of the broad problems to be anticipated in the event of general transformation of American society to a condition lacking its most critical current characteristics: its capability and readiness to make war when doing so is judged necessary or desirable by its political leadership. Our work has been predicated on the belief that some kind of general peace may soon be negotiable. The de facto admission of Communist China into the United Nations now appears to be only a few years away at most. It has become increasingly manifest that conflicts of American national interest with those of China and the Soviet Union are susceptible of political solution, despite the superficial contraindications of the current Vietnam war, of the threats of an attack on China, and of the necessarily hostile tenor of day-to-day foreign policy statements. It is also obvious that differences involving other nations can be readily resolved by the three great powers whenever they arrive at a stable peace among themselves. It is not necessary, for the purposes of our study, to assume that a general detente of this sort will come about---and we make no such argument--but only that it may. It is surely no exaggeration to say that a condition of general world peace would lead to changes in the social structures of the nations of the world of unparalleled and revolutionary magnitude. The economic impact of general disarmament, to name only the most obvious consequence of peace, would revise the production and distribution patterns of the globe to a degree that would make changes of the past fifty years seem insignificant. Political, sociological, cultural, and ecological changes would be equally far-reaching. What has motivated our study of these contingencies has been the growing sense of thoughtful men in and out of government that the world is totally unprepared to meet the demands of such a situation. We had originally planned, when our study was initiated, to address ourselves to these two broad questions and their components: What can be expected if peace comes? What should we be prepared to do about it? But as our investigation proceeded, it became apparent that certain other questions had to be faced. What, for instance, are the real functions of war in modern societies, beyond the ostensible ones of defending and advancing the "national interests" of nations? In the absence of war, what other institutions exist or might be devised to fulfill these functions? Granting that a "peaceful" settlement of disputes is within the range of current international relationships, is the abolition of war, in the broad sense, really possible? If so, is it necessarily desirable, in terms of social stability? If not, what can be done to improve the operation of our social system in respect to its war-readiness? The word peace, as we have used it in the following pages, describes a permanent, or quasi-permanent, condition entirely free from the national exercise, or contemplation, of any form of the organized social violence, or threat of violence, generally known as war. It implies total and general disarmament. It is not used to describe the more familiar condition of "cold war," "armed peace," or other mere respite, long or short, from armed conflict. Nor is it used simply as a synonym for the political settlement of international differences. The magnitude of modern means of mass destruction and the speed of modern communications require the unqualified working definition given above; only a generation ago such an absolute description would have seemed utopian rather than pragmatic. Today, any modification of this definition would render it almost worthless for our purpose. By the same standard, we have used the work war to apply interchangeably to conventional ("hot") war, to the general condition of war preparation or war readiness, and to the general "war system." The sense intended is made clear in context. The first section of our Report deals with its scope and with the assumptions on which our study was based. The second considers the effects of disarmament on the economy, the subject of most peace research to date. The third takes up socalled "disarmament scenarios" which have been proposed. The fourth, fifth, and sixth examine the nonmilitary functions of war and the problems they raise for a viable transition to peace; here will be found some indications of the true dimensions of the problem, not previously coordinated in any other study. In the seventh section we summarize our findings, and in the eight we set forth our recommendations for what we believe to be a practical and necessary course of action. SECTION 1 - SCOPE OF THE STUDY When The Special Study Group was established in August, 1963, its members were instructed to govern their deliberations in accordance with three principal criteria. Briefly stated, they were these: 1) military-style objectivity; 2) avoidance of preconceived value assumptions; 3) inclusion of all relevant areas of theory and data. These guideposts are by no means as obvious as they may appear at first glance, and we believe it necessary to indicate clearly how they were to inform our work. For they express succinctly the limitations of previous "peace studies," and imply the nature of both government and unofficial dissatisfaction with these earlier efforts. It is not our intention here to minimize the significance of the work of our predecessors, or to belittle the quality of their contributions. What we have tried to do, and believe we have done, is extend their scope. We hope that our conclusions may serve in turn as a starting point for still broader and more detailed examinations of every aspect of the problems of transition to peace and of the questions which must be answer- ed before such a transition can be allowed to get under way. It is a truism that objectivity is more often an intention expressed than an attitude achieved, but the intention---conscious, unambiguous, and constantly self-critical -- is a precondition to its achievement. We believe it no accident that we were charged to use a "military contingency" model for our study, and we owe a considerable debt to the civilian war planning agencies for their pioneering work in the objective examination of the contingencies of nuclear war. There is no such precedent in the peace studies. Much of the usefulness of even the most elaborate and carefully reasoned programs for economic conversion to peace, for example, has been vitiated by a wishful eagerness to demonstrate that peace is not only possible, but even cheap or easy. One official report is replete with references to the critical role of "dynamic optimism" on economic developments, and goes on to submit, as evidence, that it "would be hard to imagine that the American people would not respond very positively to an agreed and safeguarded program to substitute an international rule of law and order," etc. Another line of argument frequently taken is that disarmament would entail comparatively little disruption of the economy, since it need only be partial; we will deal with this approach later. Yet genuine objectivity in war studies is often critized as inhuman. As Herman Kahn, the writer on strategic studies best known to the general public, put it: "Critics frequently object to the icy rationality of the Hudson Institute, the Rand Corporation, and other such organizations. I'm always tempted to ask in reply, `Would you prefer a warm, human error? Do you feel better with a nice emotional mistake.'" And, as Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara has pointed out, in reference to facing up to the possibility of nuclear war, "Some people are afraid even to look over the edge. But in a thermonuclear war we cannot afford any political acrophobia." Surely it would be self-evident that this applies equally to the opposite prospect, but so far no one has taken more than a timid glance over the brink of peace. An intention to avoid preconceived value judgments is if anything even more productive of self-delusion. We claim no immunity, as individuals, from this type of bias, but we have made a continuously self-conscious effort to deal with the problems of peace without, for example, considering that a condition of peace is per se "good" or "bad." This has not been easy, but it has been obligatory; to our knowledge, it has not been done before. Previous studies have taken the desirability of peace, the importance of human life, the superiority of democratic institutions, the greatest "good" for the greatest number, the "dignity" of the individual, the desirability of maximum health and longevity, and other such wishful premises as axiomatic values necessary for the justification of a study of peace issues. We have not found them so. We have attempted to apply the standards of physical science to our thinking, the principal characteristic of which is not quantification, as is popularly believed, but that, in Whitehead's words, "...it ignores all judgments of value; for instance, all aesthetic and moral judgments." Yet it is obvious that any serious investigation of a problem, however "pure," must be informed by some normative standard. In this case it has been simply the survival of human society in general, of American society in particular, and, as a corollary to survival, the stability of this society. It is interesting, we believe, to note that the most dispassionate planners of nuclear strategy also recognize that the stability of society is the one bedrock value that cannot be avoided. Secretary McNamara has defended the need for American nuclear superiority on the grounds that it "makes possible a strategy designed to preserve the fabric of our societies if war should occur." A former member of the Department of State policy planning staff goes further. "A more precise word for peace, in terms of the practical world, is stability. ... Today the great nuclear panoplies are essential elements in such stability as exists. Our present purpose must be to continue the process of learning how to live with them." We, of course, do not equate stability with peace, but we accept it as the one common assumed objective of both peace and war. The third criterion-breadth-has taken us still farther afield from peace studies made to date. It is obvious to any layman that the economic patterns of a warless world will be drastically different from those we live with today, and it is equally obvious that the political relationships of nations will not be those we have learned to take for granted, sometimes described as a global version of the adversary system of our common law. But the social implications of peace extend far beyond its putative effects on national economics and international relations. As we shall show, the relevance of peace and war to the internal political organization of societies, to the sociological relationships of their members, to psychological motivations, to ecological processes, and to cultural values is equally profound. More important, it is equally critical in assaying the consequences of a transition to peace, and in deter- mining the feasibility of any transition at all. It is not surprising that these less obvious factors have been generally ignored in peace research. They have not lent themselves to systematic analysis. They have been difficult, perhaps impossible, to measure with any degree of assurance that estimates of their effects could be depended on. They are "intangibles," but only in the sense that abstract concepts in mathematics are intangible compared to those which can be quantified. Economic factors, on the other hand, can be measured, at least superficially; and international relationships can be verbalized, like law, into logical sequences. We do not claim that we have discovered an infallible way of measuring these other factors, or of assigning them precise weights in the equation of transition. But we believe we have taken their relative importance into account to this extent: we have removed them from the category of the "intangible," hence scientifically suspect and therefore somehow of secondary importance, and brought them out into the realm of the objective. The result, we believe, provides a context of realism for the discussion of the issues relating to the possible transition to peace which up to now has been missing. This is not to say that we presume to have found the answers we were seeking. But we believe that our emphasis on breadth of scope has made it at least possible to begin to understand the questions. SECTION 2 - DISARMAMENT AND THE ECONOMY In this section we shall briefly examine some of the common features of the studies that have been published dealing with one or another aspect of the expected impact of disarmament on the American economy. Whether disarmament is considered as a by-product of peace or as its precondition, its effect on the national economy will in either case be the most immediately felt of its consequences. The quasi-mensurable quality of economic manifestations has given rise to more detailed speculation in this area than in any other. General agreement prevails in respect to the more important economic problems that general disarmament would raise. A short survey of these problems, rather than a detailed critique of their comparative significance, is sufficient for our purposes in this Report. The first factor is that of size. The "world war industry," as one writer has aptly called it, accounts for approximately a tenth of the output of the world's total economy. Although this figure is subject to fluctuation, the causes of which are themselves subject to regional variation, it tends to hold fairly steady. The United States, as the world's richest nation, not only accounts for the largest single share of this expense, currently upward of $60 billion a year, but also "...has devoted a higher proportion [emphasis added] of its gross national product to its military establishment than any other major free world nation. This was true even before our increased expenditures in Southeast Asia." Plans for economic conversion that minimize the economic magnitude of the problem do so only by rationalizing, however persuasively, the maintenance of a substantial residual military budget under some euphemized classification. Conversion of military expenditures to other purposes entails a number of difficulties. The most serious stems from the degree of rigid specialization that characterizes modern war production, best exemplified in nuclear and missile technology. This constituted no fundamental problem after World War II, nor did the question of free-market consumer demand for "conventional" items of consumption---those good and services consumers had already been conditioned to require. Today's situation is qualitatively different in both respects. This inflexibility is geographical and occupational, as well as industrial, a fact which has led most analysts of the economic impact of disarmament to focus their attention on phased plans for the relocation of war industry personnel and capital installations as much as on proposals for developing new patterns of consumption. One serious flaw common to such plans is the kind called in the natural sciences the "macroscopic error." An implicit presumption is made that a total national plan for conversion differs from a community program to cope with the shutting down of a "defense facility" only in degree. We find no reason to believe that this is the case, nor that a general enlargement of such local programs, however well thought out in terms of housing, occupational retraining, and the like, can be applied on a national scale. A national economy can absorb almost any number of subsidiary reorganizations within its total limits, providing there is no basic change in its own structure. General disarmament, which would require such basic changes, lends itself to no valid smaller-scale analogy.Even more questionable are the models proposed for the retaining labor for nonarmaments occupations. Putting aside for the moment the unsolved questions dealing with the nature of new distribution patterns---retraining for what?-- the increasingly specialized job skills associated with war industry production are further depreciated by the accelerating inroads of the industrial techniques loosely described as "automation." It is not too much to say that general disarmament would require the scrapping of a critical proportion of the most highly developed occupational specialties in the economy. The political difficulties inherent in such an "adjustment" would make the outcries resulting from the closing of a few obsolete military and naval installations in 1964 sound like a whisper. In general, discussions of the problem of conversion have been characterized by an unwillingness to recognize its special quality. This is best exemplified by the 1965 report of the Ackley Committee. One critic has tellingly pointed out that it blindly assumes that "...nothing in the arms economy--neither its size, nor its geographical concentration, nor its highly specialized nature, nor the peculiarities of its market, nor the special nature of much of its labor force--- endows it with any uniqueness when the necessary time of adjustment comes." Let us assume, however, despite the lack of evidence that a viable program for conversion can be developed in the framework of the existing economy, that the problems noted above can be solved. What proposals have been offered for utilizing the productive capabilities that disarmament would presumably release? The most common held theory is simply that general economic reinvestment would absorb the greater part of these capabilities. Even though it is now largely taken for granted (and even by today's equivalent of traditional laissezfaire economists) that unprecedented government assistance (and concomitant government control) will be needed to solve the "structural" problems of transition, a general attitude of confidence prevails that new consumption patterns will take up the slack. What is less clear is the nature of these patterns. One school of economists has it that these patterns will develop on their own. It envisages the equivalent of the arms budget being returned, under careful control, to the consumer, in the form of tax cuts. Another, recognizing the undeniable need for increased "consumption" in what is generally considered the public sector of the economy, stresses vastly increased government spending in such areas of national concern as health, education, mass transportation, lowcost housing, water supply, control of the physical environment, and, stated generally, "poverty." The mechanisms proposed for controlling the transition to an arms-free economy are also traditional--changes in both sides of the federal budget, manipulation of interest rates, etc. We acknowledge the undeniable value of fiscal tools in a normal cyclical economy, where they provide leverage to accelerate or brake an existing trend. TO CONTINUE READING: Click the link at the top of this description to see the PDF file.

Here is the link to the version available online - use it to see the diagrams and charts: https://www.lawfulpath.com/ref/sw4qw/index.shtml Here is the script for this video: Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars An Introduction Programming Manual Operations Research Technical Manual TW-SW7905.1 The following document is taken from two sources. The first, was acquired on a website (of which I can't remember the address) listing as its source the book titled Behold A Pale Horse by William Cooper, Light Technology Publishing, 1991, ("Copy furnished by Mr. Tom Young; A fellow Warrior in the cause of Freedom" is what Bill put in his book as his source.) The second source is a crudely copied booklet which does not contain a copyright notice, or a publishers name. With the exception of the Forward, the Preface, the main thing that was missing from the first source was the illustrations. As we began comparing the two, we realized that the illustrations, and the accompanying text (also missing from the first) made up a significant part of the document. This has now been restored by The Lawful Path, and so far as I know, is the only internet copy available complete with the illustrations. To be really clear - We have no first-hand knowledge that this document is genuine, however many of the concepts contained herein are certainly reasonable, important, and bear strong consideration. If anyone has additional knowledge about the source of this document; has better copies of the illustrations than the ones posted here; has any missing pieces to this document, or has any comments which can improve upon the quality of this document, we will appreciate your comments. For more you can go to either of these websites: The Lawful Path http://www.lawfulpath.com https://www.lawfulpath.com/ref/sw4qw/index.shtml Or, read Chapter One in Bill Cooper's book "Behold A Pale Horse", any edition will have the chapter titled "Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars", and he goes into it with added comments and emphasis, so it is worth a look to get the full picture. This manuscript was delivered to our offices by an unknown person. We did not steal the document, nor are we involved with any theft from the United States Government, and we did not get the document by way of any dishonest methods. We feel that we are not endangering the "National Security" by reproducing this document, quite the contrary; it has been authenticated and we feel that we are not only within our rights to publish it, but morally bound to do so. Regarding the training manual, you may have detected that we had to block out the marginal notes made by the selectee at the C.I.A. Training Center, but I can assure you that the manual is authentic, and was printed for the purpose of introducing the selectee to the conspiracy. It has been authenticated by four different technical writers for Military Intelligence, one just recently retired who wants very much to have this manual distributed throughout the world, and one who is still employed as an Electronics Engineer by the Federal Government, and has access to the entire series of Training Manuals. One was stationed in Hawaii, and held the highest security clearance in the Naval Intelligence, and another who is now teaching at a university, and has been working with the Central Intelligence Agency for a number of years, and wants out before the axe falls on the conspirators. We believed that the entire world should know about this plan, so we distributed internationally one-hundred of these manuscripts, to ask individuals at top level positions their opinions. The consensus opinion was to distribute this to as many people as who wanted it, to the end that they would not only understand that "War" had been declared against them, but would be able to properly identify the true enemy to Humanity. Delamer Duverus Preface Conspiracy theories are nothing new to history. Plots to "kill Caesar" and overthrow Rome abounded, for instance. however, it is seldom that concrete clues to such plots come to light, and are generally known. Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars, An Introduction Programming Manual was uncovered quite by accident on July 7, 1986 when an employee of Boeing Aircraft Co. purchased a surplus IBM copier for scrap parts at a sale, and discovered inside details of a plan, hatched in the embryonic days of the "Cold War" which called for control of the masses through manipulation of industry, peoples' pastimes, education and political leanings. It called for a quiet revolution, putting brother against brother, and diverting the public's attention from what is really going on. The document you are about to read is real. It is reprinted in its virgin form, with diagrams, as a touch of reality. Table of Contents Foreword Preface Security Historical Introduction Political Introduction Energy Descriptive Introduction of the Silent Weapon Theoretical Introduction General Energy Concepts Mr. Rothschild's Energy Discovery Apparent Capital as "Paper Inductor Breakthrough Application in Economics The Economic Model Industrial Diagrams Three Industrial Classes Aggregation The E-model Economic Inductance Inductive Factors to Consider Translation Time Flow Relationships and Self-destructive Oscillations Industry Equivalent Circuits Stages of Schematic Simplification Generalization Final Bill of Goods The Technical Coefficients The Household Industry Household Models Economic Shock Testing Introduction to the Theory of Shock Testing Example of Shock Testing Introduction to Economic Amplifiers Short List of Inputs Short List of Outputs Table of Strategies Diversion, the Primary Strategy Diversion Summary Consent, the Primary Victory Amplification Energy Sources Logistics The Artificial Womb The Political Structure of a Nation - Dependency Action/Offense Responsibility Summary System Analysis The Draft Enforcement The following document, dated May 1979, was found on July 7, 1986, in an IBM copier that had been purchased at a surplus sale. TOP SECRET Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars Operations Research Technical Manual TM-SW7905.1 Welcome Aboard This publication marks the 25th anniversary of the Third World War, called the "Quiet War", being conducted using subjective biological warfare, fought with "silent weapons." This book contains an introductory description of this war, its strategies, and its weaponry. May 1979 #74-1120 Security It is patently impossible to discuss social engineering or the automation of a society, i.e., the engineering of social automation systems (silent weapons) on a national or worldwide scale without implying extensive objectives of social control and destruction of human life, i.e., slavery and genocide. This manual is in itself an analog declaration of intent. Such a writing must be secured from public scrutiny. Otherwise, it might be recognized as a technically formal declaration of domestic war. Furthermore, whenever any person or group of persons in a position of great power and without full knowledge and consent of the public, uses such knowledge and methodologies for economic conquest - it must be understood that a state of domestic warfare exists between said person or group of persons and the public. The solution of today's problems requires an approach which is ruthlessly candid, with no agonizing over religious, moral or cultural values. You have qualified for this project because of your ability to look at human society with cold objectivity, and yet analyze and discuss your observations and conclusions with others of similar intellectual capacity without the loss of discretion or humility. Such virtues are exercised in your own best interest. Do not deviate from them. Historical Introduction Silent weapon technology has evolved from Operations Research (O.R.), a strategic and tactical methodology developed under the Military Management in England during World War II. The original purpose of Operations Research was to study the strategic and tactical problems of air and land defense with the objective of effective use of limited military resources against foreign enemies (i.e., logistics). It was soon recognized by those in positions of power that the same methods might be useful for totally controlling a society. But better tools were necessary. Social engineering (the analysis and automation of a society) requires the correlation of great amounts of constantly changing economic information (data), so a high-speed computerized data-processing system was necessary which could race ahead of the society and predict when society would arrive for capitulation. Relay computers were to slow, but the electronic computer, invented in 1946 by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, filled the bill. The next breakthrough was the development of the simplex method of linear programming in 1947 by the mathematician George B. Dantzig. Then in 1948, the transistor, invented by J. Bardeen, W.H. Brattain, and W. Shockley, promised great expansion of the computer field by reducing space and power requirements. With these three inventions under their direction, those in positions of power strongly suspected that it was possible for them to control the whole world with the push of a button. Immediately, the Rockefeller Foundation got in on the ground floor by making a four-year grant to Harvard College, funding the Harvard Economic Research Project for the study of the structure of the American Economy. One year later, in 1949, The United States Air Force joined in. In 1952 the grant period terminated, and a high-level meeting of the Elite was held to determine the next phase of social operations research. The Harvard project had been very fruitful, as is borne out by the publication of some of its results in 1953 suggesting the feasibility of economic (social) engineering. (Studies in the Structure of the American Economy - copyright 1953 by Wassily Leontief, International Science Press Inc., White Plains, New York). Engineered in the last half of the decade of the 1940's, the new Quiet War machine stood, so to speak, in sparkling gold-plated hardware on the showroom floor by 1954. With the creation of the maser in 1954, (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) the promise of unlocking unlimited sources of fusion atomic energy from the heavy hydrogen in sea water and the consequent availability of unlimited social power was a possibility only decades away. The combination was irresistible. The Quiet War was quietly declared by the International Elite at a meeting held in 1954. Although the silent weapons system was nearly exposed 13 years later, the evolution of the new weapon-system has never suffered any major setbacks. This volume marks the 25th anniversary of the beginning of the Quiet War. Already this domestic war has had many victories on many fronts throughout the world. Political Introduction In 1954 it was well recognized by those in positions of authority that it was only a matter of time, only a few decades, before the general public would be able to grasp and upset the cradle of power, for the very elements of the new silent-weapon technology were as accessible for a public utopia as they were for providing a private utopia. The issue of primary concern, that of dominance, revolved around the subject of the energy sciences. Energy Energy is recognized as the key to all activity on earth. Natural science is the study of the sources and control of natural energy, and social science, theoretically expressed as economics, is the study of the sources and control of social energy. Both are bookkeeping systems: mathematics. Therefore, mathematics is the primary energy science. And the bookkeeper can be king if the public can be kept ignorant of the methodology of the bookkeeping. All science is merely a means to an end. The means is knowledge. The end is control. Beyond this remains only one issue: Who will be the beneficiary? In 1954 this was the issue of primary concern. Although the so-called "moral issues" were raised, in view of the law of natural selection it was agreed that a nation or world of people who will not use their intelligence are no better than animals who do not have intelligence. Such people are beasts of burden and steaks on the table by choice and consent. Consequently, in the interest of future world order, peace, and tranquillity, it was decided to privately wage a quiet war against the American public with an ultimate objective of permanently shifting the natural and social energy (wealth) of the undisciplined and irresponsible many into the hands of the self-disciplined, responsible, and worthy few. In order to implement this objective, it was necessary to create, secure, and apply new weapons which, as it turned out, were a class of weapons so subtle and sophisticated in their principle of operation and public appearance as to earn for themselves the name "silent weapons." In conclusion, the objective of economic research, as conducted by the magnates of capital (banking) and the industries of commodities (goods) and services, is the establishment of an economy which is totally predictable and manipulatable. In order to achieve a totally predictable economy, the low-class elements of society must be brought under total control, i.e., must be housebroken, trained, and assigned a yoke and long-term social duties from a very early age, before they have an opportunity to question the propriety of the matter. In order to achieve such conformity, the lower-class family unit must be disintegrated by a process of increasing preoccupation of the parents and the establishment of government-operated day-care centers for the occupationally orphaned children. The quality of education given to the lower class must be of the poorest sort, so that the moat of ignorance isolating the inferior class from the superior class is and remains incomprehensible to the inferior class. With such an initial handicap, even bright lower class individuals have little if any hope of extricating themselves from their assigned lot in life. This form of slavery is essential to maintain some measure of social order, peace, and tranquillity for the ruling upper class. Descriptive Introduction of the Silent Weapon Everything that is expected from an ordinary weapon is expected from a silent weapon by its creators, but only in its own manner of functioning. It shoots situations, instead of bullets; propelled by data processing, instead of chemical reaction (explosion); originating from bits of data, instead of grains of gunpowder; from a computer, instead of a gun; operated by a computer programmer, instead of a marksman; under the orders of a banking magnate, instead of a military general. It makes no obvious explosive noises, causes no obvious physical or mental injuries, and does not obviously interfere with anyone's daily social life. Yet it makes an unmistakable "noise," causes unmistakable physical and mental damage, and unmistakably interferes with the daily social life, i.e., unmistakable to a trained observer, one who knows what to look for. The public cannot comprehend this weapon, and therefore cannot believe that they are being attacked and subdued by a weapon. The public might instinctively feel that something is wrong, but that is because of the technical nature of the silent weapon, they cannot express their feeling in a rational way, or handle the problem with intelligence. Therefore, they do not know how to cry for help, and do not know how to associate with others to defend themselves against it. When a silent weapon is applied gradually, the public adjusts/adapts to its presence and learns to tolerate its encroachment on their lives until the pressure (psychological via economic) becomes too great and they crack up. Therefore, the silent weapon is a type of biological warfare. It attacks the vitality, options, and mobility of the individuals of a society by knowing, understanding, manipulating, and attacking their sources of natural and social energy, and their physical, mental, and emotional strengths and weaknesses. Theoretical Introduction Give me control over a nation's currency, and I care not who makes its laws. -- Mayer Amschel Rothschild, 1743 - 1812 Today's silent weapons technology is an outgrowth of a simple idea discovered, succinctly expressed, and effectively applied by the quoted Mr. Mayer Amschel Rothschild. Mr. Rothschild discovered the missing passive component of economic theory known as economic inductance. He, of course, did not think of his discovery in these 20th-century terms, and, to be sure, mathematical analysis had to wait for the Second Industrial Revolution, the rise of the theory of mechanics and electronics, and finally, the invention of the electronic computer before it could be effectively applied in the control of the world economy. General Energy Concepts In the study of energy systems, there always appears three elementary concepts. These are potential energy, kinetic energy, and energy dissipation. And corresponding to these concepts, there are three idealized, essentially pure physical counterparts called passive components. In the science of physical mechanics, the phenomenon of potential energy is associated with a physical property called elasticity or stiffness, and can be represented by a stretched spring. In electronic science, potential energy is stored in a capacitor instead of a spring. This property is called capacitance instead of elasticity or stiffness. In the science of physical mechanics, the phenomenon of kinetic energy is associated with a physical property called inertia or mass, and can be represented by a mass or a flywheel in motion. In electronic science, kinetic energy is stored in an inductor (in a magnetic field) instead of a mass. This property is called inductance instead of inertia. In the science of physical mechanics, the phenomenon of energy dissipation is associated with a physical property called friction or resistance, and can be represented by a dashpot or other device which converts energy into heat. In electronic science, dissipation of energy is performed by an element called either a resistor or a conductor, the term "resistor" being the one generally used to describe a more ideal device (e.g., wire) employed to convey electronic energy efficiently from one location to another. The property of a resistance or conductor is measured as either resistance or conductance reciprocals. In economics these three energy concepts are associated with: Economic Capacitance - Capital (money, stock/inventory, investments in buildings and durables, etc.) Economic Conductance - Goods (production flow coefficients) Economic Inductance - Services (the influence of the population of industry on output) All of the mathematical theory developed in the study of one energy system (e.g., mechanics, electronics, etc.) can be immediately applied in the study of any other energy system (e.g., economics). Mr. Rothchild's Energy Discovery What Mr. Rothschild had discovered was the basic principle of power, influence, and control over people as applied to economics. That principle is "when you assume the appearance of power, people soon give it to you." Mr. Rothschild had discovered that currency or deposit loan accounts had the required appearance of power that could be used to induce people (inductance, with people corresponding to a magnetic field) into surrendering their real wealth in exchange for a promise of greater wealth (instead of real compensation). They would put up real collateral in exchange for a loan of promissory notes. Mr. Rothschild found that he could issue more notes than he had backing for, so long as he had someone's stock of gold as a persuader to show his customers. Mr. Rothschild loaned his promissory notes to individual and to governments. These would create overconfidence. Then he would make money scarce, tighten control of the system, and collect the collateral through the obligation of contracts. The cycle was then repeated. These pressures could be used to ignite a war. Then he would control the availability of currency to determine who would win the war. That government which agreed to give him control of its economic system got his support. Collection of debts was guaranteed by economic aid to the enemy of the debtor. The profit derived from this economic methodology mad Mr. Rothschild all the more able to expand his wealth. He found that the public greed would allow currency to be printed by government order beyond the limits (inflation) of backing in precious metal or the production of goods and services. Apparent Capital as "Paper" Unquote Inductor In this structure, credit, presented as a pure element called Quote, "currency," Unquote has the appearance of capital, but is in effect negative capital. Hence, it has the appearance of service, but is in fact, indebtedness or debt. It is therefore an economic inductance instead of an economic capacitance, and if balanced in no other way, will be balanced by the negation of population (war, genocide). The total goods and services represent real capital called the gross national product, and currency may be printed up to this level and still represent economic capacitance; but currency printed beyond this level is subtractive, represents the introduction of economic inductance, and constitutes notes of indebtedness. War is therefore the balancing of the system by killing the true creditors (the public which we have taught to exchange true value for inflated currency) and falling back on whatever is left of the resources of nature and regeneration of those resources. Mr. Rothschild had discovered that currency gave him the power to rearrange the economic structure to his own advantage, to shift economic inductance to those economic positions which would encourage the greatest economic instability and oscillation. The final key to economic control had to wait until there was sufficient data and high-speed computing equipment to keep close watch on the economic oscillations created by price shocking and excess paper energy credits - paper inductance/inflation. Breakthrough The aviation field provided the greatest evolution in economic engineering by way of the mathematical theory of shock testing. In this process, a projectile is fired from an airframe on the ground and the impulse of the recoil is monitored by vibration transducers connected to the airframe and wired to chart recorders. By studying the echoes or reflections of the recoil impulse in the airframe, it is possible to discover critical vibrations in the structure of the airframe which either vibrations of the engine or aeolian vibrations of the wings, or a combination of the two, might reinforce resulting in a resonant self-destruction of the airframe in flight as an aircraft. From the standpoint of engineering, this means that the strengths and weaknesses of the structure of the airframe in terms of vibrational energy can be discovered and manipulated. Application in Economics To use this method of airframe shock testing in economic engineering, the prices of commodities are shocked, and the public consumer reaction is monitored. The resulting echoes of the economic shock are interpreted theoretically by computers and the psycho-economic structure of the economy is thus discovered. It is by this process that partial differential and difference matrices are discovered that define the family household and make possible its evaluation as an economic industry (dissipative consumer structure). Then the response of the household to future shocks can be predicted and manipulated, and society becomes a well-regulated animal with its reins under the control of a sophisticated computer-regulated social energy bookkeeping system. Eventually every individual element of the structure comes under computer control through a knowledge of personal preferences, such knowledge guaranteed by computer association of consumer preferences (universal product code, UPC; zebra-striped pricing codes on packages) with identified consumers (identified via association with the use of a credit card and later a permanent "tattooed" body number invisible under normal ambient illumination). Summary Economics is only a social extension of a natural energy system. It, also, has its three passive components. Because of the distribution of wealth and the lack of communication and lack of data, this field has been the last energy field for which a knowledge of these three passive components has been developed. Since energy is the key to all activity on the face of the earth, it follows that in order to attain a monopoly of energy, raw materials, goods, and services and to establixh a world system of slave labor, it is necessary to have a first strike capability in the field of economics. In order to maintain our position, it is necessary that we have absolute first knowledge of the science of control over all economic factors and the first experience at engineering the world economy. In order to achieve such sovereignty, we must at least achieve this one end: that the public will not make either the logical or mathematical connection between economics and the other energy sciences or learn to apply such knowledge. This is becoming increasingly difficult to control because more and more businesses are making demands upon their computer programmers to create and apply mathematical models for the management of those businesses. It is only a matter of time before the new breed of private programmer/economists will catch on to the far reaching implications of the work begun at Harvard in 1948. The speed with which they can communicate their warning to the public will largely depend upon how effective we have been at controlling the media, subverting education, and keeping the public distracted with matters of no real importance. The Economic Model Economics, as a social energy science has as a first objective the description of the complex way in which any given unit of resources is used to satisfy some economic want. (Leontief Matrix). This first objective, when it is extended to get the most product from the least or limited resources, comprises that objective of general military and industrial logistics known as Operations Research. (See simplex method of linear programming.) The Harvard Economic Research Project (1948-) was an extension of World War II Operations Research. Its purpose was to discover the science of controlling an economy: at first the American economy, and then the world economy. It was felt that with sufficient mathematical foundation and data, it would be nearly as easy to predict and control the trend of an economy as to predict and control the trajectory of a projectile. Such has proven to be the case. Moreover, the economy has been transformed into a guided missile on target. The immediate aim of the Harvard project was to discover the economic structure, what forces change that structure, how the behavior of the structure can be predicted, and how it can be manipulated. What was needed was a well-organized knowledge of the mathematical structures and interrelationships of investment, production, distribution, and consumption. To make a short story of it all, it was discovered that an economy obeyed the same laws as electricity and that all of the mathematical theory and practical and computer know-how developed for the electronic field could be directly applied in the study of economics. This discovery was not openly declared, and its more subtle implications were and are kept a closely guarded secret, for example that in an economic model, human life is measured in dollars, and that the electric spark generated when opening a switch connected to an active inductor is mathematically analogous to the initiation of war. The greatest hurdle which theoretical economists faced was the accurate description of the household as an industry. This is a challenge because consumer purchases are a matter of choice which in turn is influenced by income, price, and other economic factors. This hurdle was cleared in an indirect and statistically approximate way by an application of shock testing to determine the current characteristics, called current technical coefficients, of a household industry Finally, because problems in theoretical electronics can be translated very easily into problems of theoretical electronics, and the solution translated back again, it follows that only a book of language translation and concept definition needed to be written for economics. The remainder could be gotten from standard works on mathematics and electronics. This makes the publication of books on advanced economics unnecessary, and greatly simplifies project security. Industrial Diagrams An ideal industry is defined as a device which receives value from other industries in several forms and converts them into one specific product for sales and distribution to other industries. It has several inputs and one output. What the public normally thinks of as one industry is really an industrial complex, where several industries under one roof produce one or more products. A pure (single output) industry can be represented oversimply by a circuit block as follows: Industry 'K' The flow of product from industry #1 (supply) to industry #2 (demand) is denoted by 112. The total flow out of industry "K" is denoted by Ik (sales, etc.). A three industry network can be diagrammed as follows: 3 Industry Network A node is a symbol of collection and distribution of flow. Node #3 receives from industry #3 and distributes to industries #1 and #3. If industry #3 manufactures chairs, then a flow from industry #3 back to industry #3 simply indicates that industry #3 is using part of its own output product, for example, as office furniture. Therefore the flow may be summarized by the equations: equations Three Industrial Classes Industries fall into three categories or classes by type of output: Class #1 - Capital (resources) Class #2 - Goods (commodities or use - dissipative) Class #3 - Services (action of population) Class #1 industries exist at three levels: Nature - sources of energy and raw materials. Government - printing of currency equal to the gross national product (GNP), and extension of currency in excess of GNP. Banking - loaning of money for interest, and extension (inflation/counterfeiting) of economic value through the deposit loan accounts. Class #2 industries exist as producers of tangible or consumer (dissipated) products. This sort of activity is usually recognized and labeled by the public as "industry." Class #3 industries are those which have service rather than a tangible product as their output. These industries are called (1) households, and (2) governments. Their output is human activity of a mechanical sort, and their basis is population. Aggregation The whole economic system can be represented by a three-industry model if one allows the names of the outputs to be (1) capital, (2) goods, and (3) services. The problem with this representation is that it would not show the influence, say, the textile industry on the ferrous metal industry. This is because both the textile industry and the ferrous metal industry would be contained within a single classification called the "goods industry" and by this process of combining or aggregating these two industries under one system block they would lose their economic individuality. The E-Model A national economy consists of simultaneous flows of production, distribution, consumption, and investment. If all of these elements including labor and human functions are assigned a numerical value in like units of measure, say, 1939 dollars, then this flow can be further represented by a current flow in an electronic circuit, and its behavior can be predicted and manipulated with useful precision. The three ideal passive energy components of electronics, the capacitor, the resistor, and the inductor correspond to the three ideal passive energy components of economics called the pure industries of capital, goods, and services, respectively. Economic capacitance represents the storage of capital in one form or another. Economic conductance represents the level of conductance of materials for the production of goods. Economic inductance represents the inertia of economic value in motion. This is a population phenomenon known as services. Economic Inductance An electrical inductor (e.g., a coil or wire) has an electric current as its primary phenomenon and a magnetic field as its secondary phenomenon (inertia). Corresponding to this, an economic inductor has a flow of economic value as its primary phenomenon and a population field as its secondary field phenomenon of inertia. When the flow of economic value (e.g., money) diminishes, the human population field collapses in order to keep the economic value (money) flowing (extreme case - war). This public inertia is a result of consumer buying habits, expected standard of living, etc., and is generally a phenomenon of self-preservation. Inductive Factors to Consider: Population Magnitude of the economic activities of the government The method of financing these government activities (See Peter-Paul Principle - inflation of the currency.) Translation (a few examples will be given.) Charge: coulombs; dollars (1939). Flow/Current: amperes (coulombs per second); dollars of flow per year. Motivating Force: volts; dollars (output) demand. Conductance: amperes per volt; dollars of flow per year per dollar demand. Capacitance: coulombs per volt; dollars of production inventory/stock per dollar demand. Time Flow Relationships and Self-Destructive Oscillations An ideal industry may be symbolized electronically in various ways. The simplest way is to represent a demand by a voltage and a supply by a current. When this is done, the relationship between the two becomes what is called an admittance, which can result from three economic factors: (1) foresight flow, (2) present flow, and (3) hindsight flow. Foresight flow is the result of that property of living entities to cause energy (food) to be stored for a period of low energy (e.g., a winter season). It consists of demands made upon an economic system for that period of low energy (winter season). In a production industry it takes several forms, one of which is known as production stock or inventory. In electronic symbology this specific industry demand (a pure capital industry) is represented by capacitance and the stock or resource is represented by a stored charge. Satisfaction of an industry demand suffers a lag because of the loading effect of inventory priorities. Present flow ideally involves no delays. It is, so to speak, input today for output today, a "hand to mouth" flow. In electronic symbology, this specific industry demand (a pure us industry) is represented by a conductance which is then a simple economic valve (a dissipative element). Hindsight flow is known as habit or inertia. In electronics this phenomenon is the characteristic of an inductor (economic analog = a pure service industry) in which a current flow (economic analog = flow of money) creates a magnetic field (economic analog = active human population) which, if the current (money flow) begins to diminish, collapse (war) to maintain the current (flow of money - energy). Other large alternatives to war as economic inductors or economic flywheels are an open-ended social welfare program, or an enormous (but fruitful) open-ended space program. The problem with stabilizing the economic system is that there is too much demand on account of (1) too much greed and (2) too much population. This creates excessive economic inductance which can only be balanced with economic capacitance (true resources or value - e.g., in goods or services). The social welfare program is nothing more than an open-ended credit balance system which creates a false capital industry to give nonproductive people a roof over their heads and food in their stomachs. This can be useful, however, because the recipients become state property in return for the "gift," a standing army for the elite. For he who pays the piper picks the tune. Those who get hooked on the economic drug, must go to the elite for a fix. In this, the method of introducing large amounts of stabilizing capacitance is by borrowing on the future "credit" of the world. This is a fourth law of motion - onset, and consists of performing an action and leaving the system before the reflected reaction returns to the point of action - a delayed reaction. The means of surviving the reaction is by changing the system before the reaction can return. By this means, politicians become more popular in their own time and the public pays later. In fact, the measure of such a politician is the delay time. The same thing is achieved by a government by printing money beyond the limit of the gross national product, and economic process called inflation. This puts a large quantity of money into the hands of the public and maintains a balance against their greed, creates a false self-confidence in them and, for awhile, stays the wolf from the door. They must eventually resort to war to balance the account, because war ultimately is merely the act of destroying the creditor, and the politicians are the publicly hired hit men that justify the act to keep the responsibility and blood off the public conscience. (See section on consent factors and social-economic structuring.) If the people really cared about their fellow man, they would control their appetites (greed, procreation, etc.) so that they would not have to operate on a credit or welfare social system which steals from the worker to satisfy the bum. Since most of the general public will not exercise restraint, there are only two alternatives to reduce the economic inductance of the system. Let the populace bludgeon each other to death in war, which will only result in a total destruction of the living earth. Take control of the world by the use of economic "silent weapons" in a form of "quiet warfare" and reduce the economic inductance of the world to a safe level by a process of benevolent slavery and genocide. The latter option has been taken as the obviously better option. At this point it should be crystal clear to the reader why absolute secrecy about the silent weapons is necessary. The general public refuses to improve its own mentality and its faith in its fellow man. It has become a herd of proliferating barbarians, and, so to speak, a blight upon the face of the earth. They do not care enough about economic science to learn why they have not been able to avoid war despite religious morality, and their religious or self-gratifying refusal to deal with earthly problems renders the solution of the earthly problem unreachable to them. It is left to those few who are truly willing to think and survive as the fittest to survive, to solve the problem for themselves as the few who really care. Otherwise, exposure of the silent weapon would destroy our only hope of preserving the seed of the future true humanity. Industry Equivalent Circuits The industry 'Q' can be given a block symbol as follows: Industry 'Q' Terminals #1 through #m are connected directly to the outputs of industries #1 and #m, respectively. The equivalent circuit of industry 'Q' is given as follows: Equivalent of 'Q' Characteristics: All inputs are at zero volts. A - Amplifier - causes output current IQ to be represented by a voltage EQ. Amplifier delivers sufficient current at EQ to drive all loads Y10 through YmQ and sink all currents i1Q through imQ. The unit transconductance amplifier AQ is constructed as follows: transconductance amplifier * Arrow denotes the direction of the flow of capital, goods, and services. The total demand is given as EQ, where EQ=IQ. Coupling Network The coupling network YPQ symbolizes the demand which industry Q makes on industry P. the connective admittance YPQ is called the 'technical coefficient' of the industry Q stating the demand of industry Q, called the industry of use, for the output in capital, goods, or services of industry P called the industry of origin. The flow of commodities from industry P to industry Q is given by iPQ evaluated by the formula: iPQ = YPQ* EQ. When the admittance YPQ is a simple conductance, this formula takes on the common appearance of Ohm's Law, iPQ = gPQ* IQ. The interconnection of a three industry system can be diagrammed as follows. The blocks of the industry diagram can be opened up revealing the technical coefficients, and a much simpler format. The equations of flow are given as follows: equations of flow Stages of Schematic Simplification Stages Generalization All of this may now be summarized. Let Ij represent the output of industry j, and ijk, the amount of the product of industry j absorbed annually by industry k, and ijo, the amount of the same product j made available for 'outside' use. Then equation Substituting the technical coefficiences, yjk equation which is the general equation of every admittance in the industry circuit. Final Bill of Goods equation is called the final bill of goods or the bill of final demand, and is zero when the system can be closed by the evaluation of the technical coefficients of the 'non-productive' industries, government and households. Households may be regarded as a productive industry with labor as its output product. The Technical Coefficients The quantities yjk are called the technical coefficients of the industrial system. They are admittances and can consist of any combination of three passive parameters, conductance, capacitance, and inductance. Diodes are used to make the flow unidirectional and point against the flow. gjk = economic conductance, absorption coefficient yjk = economic capacitance, capital coefficient Ljk = economic inductance, human activity coefficient Types of Admittances admittance schematic admittance schematic The Household Industry The industries of finance (banking), manufacturing, and government, real counterparts of the pure industries of capital, goods, and services, are easily defined because they are generally logically structured. Because of this their processes can be described mathematically and their technical coefficients can be easily deduced. This, however, is not the case with the service industry known as the household industry. Household Models When the industry flow diagram is represented by a 2-block system of households on the right and all other industries on the left, the following results: labor, etc. The arrows from left to right labeled A, B, C, etc., denote flow of economic value from the industries in the left hand block to the industry in the right hand block called 'households'. These may be thought of as the monthly consumer flows of the following commodities. A - alcoholic beverages, B - beef, C - coffee, . . . . , U - unknown, etc. . . The problem which a theoretical economist faces is that the consumer preferences of any household is not easily predictable and the technical coefficients of any one household tend to be a nonlinear, very complex, and variable function of income, prices, etc. Computer information derived from the use of the universal product code in conjuction with credit-card purchase as an individual household identifier could change this state of affairs, but the U.P.C. method is not yet available on a national or even a significant regional scale. To compensate for this data deficiency, an alternate indirect approach of analysis has been adopted known as economic shock testing. This method, widely used in the aircraft manufacturing industry, develops an aggregate statistical sort of data. Applied to economics, this means that all of the households in one region or in the whole nation are studied as a group or class rather than individually, and the mass behavior rather than the individual behavior is used to discover useful estimates of the technical coefficients governing the economic structure of the hypothetical single-household industry. Notice in the industry flow diagram that the values for the flows A, B, C, etc. are accessible to measurement in terms of selling prices and total sales of commodities. One method of evaluating the technical coefficients of the household industry depends upon shocking the prices of a commodity and noting the changes in the sales of all of the commodities. Economic Shock Testing In recent times, the application of Operations Research to the study of the public economy has been obvious for anyone who understands the principles of shock testing. In the shock testing of an aircraft airframe, the recoil impulse of firing a gun mounted on that airframe causes shock waves in that structure which tell aviation engineers the conditions under which some parts of the airplane or the whole airplane or its wings will start to vibrate or flutter like a guitar string, a flute reed, or a tuning fork, and disintegrate or fall apart in flight. Economic engineers achieve the same result in studying the behavior of the economy and the consumer public by carefully selecting a staple commodity such as beef, coffee, gasoline, or sugar, and then causing a sudden change or shock in its price or availability, thus kicking everybody's budget and buying habits out of shape. They then observe the shock waves which result by monitoring the changes in advertising, prices, and sales of that and other commodities. The objective of such studies is to acquire the know-how to set the public economy into a predictable state of motion or change, even a controlled self-destructive state of motion which will convince the public that certain "expert" people should take control of the money system and reestablish security (rather than liberty and justice) for all. When the subject citizens are rendered unable to control their financial affairs, they, of course, become totally enslaved, a source of cheap labor. Not only the prices of commodities, but also the availability of labor can be used as the means of shock testing. Labor strikes deliver excellent tests shocks to an economy, especially in the critical service areas of trucking (transportation), communication, public utilities (energy, water, garbage collection), etc. By shock testing, it is found that there is a direct relationship between the availability of money flowing in an economy and the real psychological outlook and response of masses of people dependent upon that availability. For example, there is a measurable quantitative relationship between the price of gasoline and the probability that a person would experience a headache, feel a need to watch a violent movie, smoke a cigarette, or go to a tavern for a mug of beer. It is most interesting that, by observing and measuring the economic models by which the public tries to run from their problems and escape from reality, and by applying the mathematical theory of Operations Research, it is possible to program computers to predict the most probable combination of created events (shocks) which will bring about a complete control and subjugation of the public through a subversion of the public economy (by shaking the plum tree). Introduction to the Theory of Economic Shock Testing Let the prices and total sales of commodities be given and symbolized as follows: Commodities Price Function Total Sales alcoholic beverages A A beef B B coffee C C gasoline G G sugar S S tobacco T T unknown balance U U Let us assume a simple economic model in which the total number of important (staple) commodities are represented as beef, gasoline, and an aggregate of all other staple commodities which we will call the hypothetical miscellaneous staple commodity 'M' (e.g., M is an aggregate of C, S, T, U, etc.). Example of Shock Testing: Assume that the total sales, P, of petroleum products can be described by the linear function of the quantities B, G, and M, which are functions of the prices of those respective commodities. P = aPG B + aPG G + aPM M Then where B, G, and M are functions of the prices of beef, gasoline, and miscellaneous, respectively, and aPB, aPG, and aPM are constant coefficients defining the amount by which each of the functions B, G, and M affect the sales, P, of petroleum products. We are assuming that B, G, and M are variables independent of each other. If the availability or price of gasoline is suddenly changed, then G must be replaced by G + G. This causes a change in the petroleum sales from P to P + P. Also we will assume that B and M remain constant when G changes to G + G. (P + P) = aPB B + aPG (G + G) + aPMM. Expanding upon this expression, we get P + P = aPB B + aPG G + aPG G + aPM M and subtracting the original value of P we get for the change in P Change in P = P = aPG G Dividing by G we get aPG = P / G . This is a rate of change in P due only to an isolated change in G, G. In general, ajk is the partial rate of change in the sales effect j due to a change in the causal price function of commodity k. If the interval of time were infinitesimal, this expression would be reduced to the definition of the total differential of a function, P. equation: When the price of gasoline is shocked, all of the coefficients with round G (2G) in the denominator are evaluated at the same time. If B, G, and M were independent, and sufficient for description of the economy, then three shock tests would be necessary to evaluate the system. There are other factors which may be represented the same way. For example, the tendency of a docile sub-nation to withdraw under economic pressure may be given by equation where G is the price of gasoline, WP is the dollars spent per unit time (referenced to say 1939) for war production during 'peace' time, etc. These quantities are presented to a computer in matrix format as follows: equation and X1 = G Y1 = P - KP X2 = B Y2 = F - KF X3 = etc. Y3 = etc. Finally, inverting this matrix, i.e., solving for the Xk terms of the Yj, we get, say, [bkj] [Yj ] = [Xk] . This is the result into which we substitute to get that set of conditions of prices of commodities, bad news on TV, etc., which will deliver a collapse of public morale ripe for take over. Once the economic price and sales coefficients ajk and bkj are determined, they may be translated into the technical supply and demand coefficients gjk, Cjk, and 1/Ljk. Shock testing of a given commodity is then repeated to get the time rate of change of these technical coefficients. Introduction to Economic Amplifiers Economic amplifiers are the active components of economic engineering. The basic characteristic of any amplifier (mechanical, electrical, or economic) is that it receives an input control signal and delivers energy from an independent energy source to a specified output terminal in a predictable relationship to that input control signal. The simplest form of an economic amplifier is a device called advertising. If a person is spoken to by a T.V. advertiser as if he were a twelve-year-old, then, due to suggestibility, he will, with a certain probability, respond or react to that suggestion with the uncritical response of a twelve-year-old and will reach into his economic reservoir and deliver its energy to but that product on impulse when he passes it in the store. An economic amplifier may have several inputs and output. Its response might be instantaneous or delayed. Its circuit symbol might be a rotary switch if its options are exclusive, qualitative, "go" or "no-go", or it might have its parametric input/output relationships specified by a matrix with internal energy sources represented. Whatever its form might be, its purpose is to govern the flow of energy from a source to an output sink in direct relationship to an input control signal. For this reason, it is called an active circuit element or component. Economic Amplifiers fall into classes called strategies, and, in comparison with electronic amplifiers, the specific internal functions of an economic amplifier are called logistical instead of electrical. Therefore, economic amplifiers not only deliver power gain but also, in effect, are used to cause changes in the economic circuitry. In the design of an economic amplifier we must have some idea of at least five functions, which are: the available input signals the desired output-control objectives, the strategic objective, the available economic power sources, the logistical options. The process of defining and evaluating these factors and incorporating the economic amplifier into an economic system has been popularly called game theory. The design of an economic amplifier begins with a specification of the power level of the output, which can range from personal to national. The second condition is accuracy of response, i.e., how accurately the output action is a function of the input commands. High gain combined with strong feedback helps to deliver the required precision. Most of the error will be in the input data signal. Personal input data tends to be specified, while national input data tends to be statistical. Short List of Inputs Questions to be answered: what. where. why. when. how. who. General sources of information: telephone taps. analysis of garbage. surveillance. behavior of children in school. Standard of living by: food. shelter. clothing. transportation. Social contacts: telephone - itemized record of calls. family - marriage certificates, birth certificates, etc. friends, associates, etc. memberships in organizations. political affiliation. The Personal Paper Trail. Personal buying habits, i.e., personal consumer preferences: checking accounts. credit-card purchases. "tagged" credit-card purchases - the credit-card purchase of products bearing the U.P.C. (Universal Product Code). Assets: checking accounts. savings accounts. real estate. business. automobile, etc. safety deposit at bank. stock market. Liabilities: creditors. enemies (see - legal). loans. Government sources (ploys)*: Welfare. Social Security. U.S.D.A. surplus food. doles. grants. subsidies. * Principle of this ploy -- the citizen will almost always make the collection of information easy if he can operate on the "free sandwich principle" of "eat now, and pay later." Government sources (via intimidation): Internal Revenue Service OSHA Census etc. Other government sources -- surveillance of U.S. mail. Habit Patterns -- Programming Strengths and weaknesses: activities (sports, hobbies, etc.) see "legal" (fear, anger, etc. -- crime record) hospital records (drug sensitivities, reaction to pain, etc.) psychiatric records (fears, angers, disgusts, adaptability, reactions to stimuli, violence, suggestibility or hypnosis, pain, pleasure, love, and sex) Methods of coping -- of adaptability -- behavior: consumption of alcohol consumption of drugs entertainment religious factors influencing behavior other methods of escaping from reality Payment modus operandi (MO) -- pay on time, etc.: payment of telephone bills energy purchases water purchases repayment of loans house payments automobile payments payments on credit cards Political sensitivity: beliefs contacts position strengths/weaknesses projects/activities Legal inputs -- behavioral control (Excuses for investigation, search, arrest, or employment of force to modify behavior) court records police records -- NCIC driving record reports made to police insurance information anti-establishment acquaintances National Input Information Business sources (via I.R.S., etc): prices of commodities sales investments in stocks/inventory production tools and machinery buildings and improvements the stock market Banks and credit bureaus: credit information payment information Miscellaneous sources: polls and surveys publications telephone records energy and utility purchases Short List of Outputs Outputs -- create controlled situations -- manipulation of the economy, hence society -- control by control of compensation and income. Sequence: allocates opportunities. destroys opportunities. controls the economic environment. controls the availability of raw materials. controls capital. controls bank rates. controls the inflation of the currency. controls the possession of property. controls industrial capacity. controls manufacturing. controls the availability of goods (commodities). controls the prices of commodities. controls services, the labor force, etc. controls payments to government officials. controls the legal functions. controls the personal data files -- uncorrectable by the party slandered. controls advertising. controls media contact. controls material available for T.V. viewing disengages attention from real issues. engages emotions. creates disorder, chaos, and insanity. controls design of more probing tax forms. controls surveillance. controls the storage of information. develops psychological analyses and profiles of individuals. controls legal functions [repeat of 15] controls sociological factors. controls health options. preys on weakness. cripples strengths. leaches wealth and substance. Table of Strategies Do this: Keep the public ignorant To get this: Less public organization Do this: Maintain access to control points for feedback To get this: Required reaction to outputs (prices, sales) Do this: Create preoccupation To get this: Lower defenses Do this: Attack the family unit To get this: Control of the education of the young Do this: Give less cash and more credit and doles To get this: More self-indulgence and more data Do this: Attack the privacy of the church To get this: Destroy faith in this sort of government Do this: Social conformity To get this: Computer programming simplicity Do this: Minimize the tax protest To get this: Maximum economic data, minimum enforcement problems. Do this: Stabilize the consent To get this: Simplicity coefficients Do this: Tighten control of variables To get this: Simpler computer input data -- greater predictability Do this: Establish boundary conditions To get this: Problem simplicity / solutions of differential and difference equations Do this: Proper timing To get this: Less data shift and blurring Do this: Maximize control To get this: Minimum resistance to control Do this: Collapse of currency To get this: Destroy the faith of the American people in each other. Diversion, the Primary Strategy Experience has prevent that the simplest method of securing a silent weapon and gaining control of the public is to keep the public undisciplined and ignorant of the basic system principles on the one hand, while keeping them confused, disorganized, and distracted with matters of no real importance on the other hand. This is achieved by: disengaging their minds; sabotaging their mental activities; providing a low-quality program of public education in mathematics, logic, systems design and economics; and discouraging technical creativity. engaging their emotions, increasing their self-indulgence and their indulgence in emotional and physical activities, by: unrelenting emotional affrontations and attacks (mental and emotional rape) by way of constant barrage of sex, violence, and wars in the media - especially the T.V. and the newspapers. giving them what they desire - in excess - "junk food for thought" - and depriving them of what they really need. rewriting history and law and subjecting the public to the deviant creation, thus being able to shift their thinking from personal needs to highly fabricated outside priorities. These preclude their interest in and discovery of the silent weapons of social automation technology. The general rule is that there is a profit in confusion; the more confusion, the more profit. Therefore, the best approach is to create problems and then offer solutions. Diversion Summary Media: Keep the adult public attention diverted away from the real social issues, and captivated by matters of no real importance. Schools: Keep the young public ignorant of real mathematics, real economics, real law, and real history. Entertainment: Keep the public entertainment below a sixth-grade level. Work: Keep the public busy, busy, busy, with no time to think; back on the farm with the other animals. Consent, the Primary Victory: A silent weapon system operates upon data obtained from a docile public by legal (but not always lawful) force. Much information is made available to silent weapon systems programmers through the Internal Revenue Service. (See Studies in the Structure of the American Economy for an I.R.S. source list.) This information consists of the enforced delivery of well-organized data contained in federal and state tax forms, collected, assembled, and submitted by slave labor provided by taxpayers and employers. Furthermore, the number of such forms submitted to the I.R.S. is a useful indicator of public consent, an important factor in strategic decision making. Other data sources are given in the Short List of Inputs. Consent Coefficients - numerical feedback indicating victory status. Psychological basis: When the government is able to collect tax and seize private property without just compensation, it is an indication that the public is ripe for surrender and is consenting to enslavement and legal encroachment. A good and easily quantified indicator of harvest time is the number of public citizens who pay income tax despite an obvious lack of reciprocal or honest service from the government. Amplification Energy Sources The next step in the process of designing an economic amplifier is discovering the energy sources. The energy sources which support any primitive economic system are, of course, a supply of raw materials, and the consent of the people to labor and consequently assume a certain rank, position, level, or class in the social structure, i.e., to provide labor at various levels in the pecking order. Each class, in guaranteeing its own level of income, controls the class immediately below it, hence preserves the class structure. This provides stability and security, but also government from the top. As time goes on and communication and education improve, the lower-class elements of the social labor structure become knowledgeable and envious of the good things that the upper-class members have. They also begin to attain a knowledge of energy systems and the ability to enforce their rise through the class structure. This threatens the sovereignty of the elite. If this rise of the lower classes can be postponed long enough, the elite can achieve energy dominance, and labor by consent no longer will hold a position of an essential energy source. Until such energy dominance is absolutely established, the consent of people to labor and let others handle their affairs must be taken into consideration, since failure to do so could cause the people to interfere in the final transfer of energy sources to the control of the elite. It is essential to recognize that at this time, public consent is still an essential key to the release of energy in the process of economic amplification. Therefore, consent as an energy release mechanism will now be considered. Logistics The successful application of a strategy requires a careful study of inputs, outputs, the strategy connecting the inputs and the outputs, and the available energy sources to fuel the strategy. This study is called logistics. A logistical problem is studied at the elementary level first,

Dive into 'Whispers of the Grove: A Bohemian Tapestry', an evocative journey back in time. Weaving tales of power, camaraderie, and secrecy, this film merges two rare silent films from 1929 and 1938, capturing the enigmatic allure of the Bohemian Club, from inside of the Groves of their time. As the club motto goes, "Weaving spiders come not here", yet each frame, lovingly restored and enhanced, spins a story deeper than the last. Incorporated within this visual narrative are several photos from "the Annals of Bohemia Volume VI 1973-1987", adding another layer to the tapestry of history and mystery. Carrying a spear in Bohemia, these images bring to life the mystique and allure of a bygone era. With the addition of sound, the whispers of the past resonate clearly, echoing both participation & appreciation in the annals of time. Let the images transport you to a world where tradition meets enigma, where every shadow holds a story, and every silence speaks volumes. 'Whispers of the Grove' is not just a film; it's a hauntingly beautiful tapestry of history, art, and intrigue. More photos: https://archive.org/details/20230816-121914/20230816_121914.jpg

Hey there! So you've clicked on a video titled "Kennedy - The Sacrificed King," presented by William Cooper at the Lafayette Hotel in San Diego back in '93. Before diving into what you're about to watch, let's get to know a bit about Bill Cooper. Bill Cooper was quite the figure in the late 20th century, often swimming in the deep end of conspiracy theories. He's best remembered for his 1991 book "Behold a Pale Horse," where he made various predictions and shared his perspectives on shadowy government operations, UFO phenomena, and secret societies. Some see him as a pioneering truth-teller, while others regard him with skepticism. Regardless of where you land on that spectrum, Cooper undeniably had an impact on the world of conspiracy theories and alternative narratives. Now, onto the video: Cooper dives deep into the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, suggesting there's more to the story than what's been told in mainstream historical accounts. Through his lecture, you'll get a window into how he pieced together his arguments, using a combination of documents, reports, and other media. He's passionate about this topic and challenges the official narrative, pushing for deeper investigation and questioning. So, as you watch, keep an open mind, but also remember the importance of critical thinking. There's a whole world of information out there, and it's always a good idea to cross-reference and do your own research. Enjoy the video and happy fact-checking! Here is a short list of things Bill was right about: William "Bill" Cooper made a wide range of predictions and observations in his book "Behold a Pale Horse" and in his other talks. Some of these have been viewed, especially by his proponents, as eerily prescient, while others have been more controversial. Let's look at a few predictions or observations that might be viewed as having some element of foresight: Microchipping of Humans: Cooper discussed the idea of microchipping humans. While this was in the context of conspiracy theories related to government control, the idea of microchips being used in humans (for medical or other practical purposes) is a discussion today, with companies exploring the technology. Increased Surveillance: Cooper often talked about the government's desire for increased surveillance on citizens. Today, with the proliferation of technologies and capabilities like facial recognition, widespread electronic data collection, and mass surveillance tools, some might see his warnings as having been on the mark. The Rise of a Police State: Cooper warned about the increased militarization of the police and a growing police state in the U.S. In the past few decades, the debate around police militarization and civil liberties has become more pronounced, especially with events like the responses to protests in various U.S. cities. The Influence of Secret Societies: While secret societies have been a popular topic for conspiracy theorists for ages, Cooper's discussions about their influence on global events have gained traction in certain circles, especially with the increased speculation on the power and influence of elites in global affairs. False Flag Operations: Cooper often talked about governments using or even staging events as pretexts for implementing policies, curtailing civil liberties, or going to war. This topic is controversial, but events where intelligence failures or mistakes were used to justify policies or actions have made this a topic of debate. UFOs and Government Secrets: Cooper was a big proponent of the idea that the government had knowledge of extraterrestrial life and was hiding it. While the UFO debate is still ongoing, recent disclosures by governments about unidentified aerial phenomena have reignited interest in this area and validated many of his claims.

Spanning over seven hours, this comprehensive series meticulously examines the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, bringing together a wealth of interviews, archival footage, and investigative reports. Journey back to that fateful day in Dallas in 1963, and explore the whirlwind of conspiracies, allegations, and eyewitness accounts that have swirled around it for decades. The series doesn't just stop at the event itself but delves into the intricate web of potential players and motivations behind the assassination. From the lone gunman theory centered on Lee Harvey Oswald to speculations involving the mafia, CIA, and other shadowy entities, this series leaves no stone unturned. Interviews with experts, historians, and those close to the events provide a multi-faceted view of a tragedy that changed the course of American history. Whether you're a history buff, a conspiracy enthusiast, or someone seeking a deeper understanding of the JFK assassination, "The Men Who Killed Kennedy" promises a riveting, well-researched, and thought-provoking viewing experience. Note: While such documentaries provide valuable insights, you should also be encouraged to cross-reference information with other trusted sources to get a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

I have not edited this at all, I simply put the 3 audio files back-to-back, and remastered them, and turned them up just a little so you could hear it better. William Cooper was reared in an Air Force family. He has lived all over the world, graduating from Yamato high school in Japan. William served with the Strategic Air Command, United States Air Force. He held a Secret Clearance working on B-52 bombers, KC-135 refueling aircraft, and Minuteman missiles. Honorable discharge 1965. Fulfilling a dream previously frustrated by chronic sickness, he joined the Navy. William served aboard the submarine USS Tiru (SS-416), and in the surface navy aboard the USS Tombigbee (AOG-ll ), USS Charles Berry (DE-I 035), and USS Oriskany (CV A-34). He was a member of the office of Naval Intelligence serving as a Harbor and River Patrol Boat Captain at Da-Nang and the Dong-Ha River Security Group, Cue Viet, Republic of Vietnam. Cooper earned several medals for his leadership and heroism during combat including two with "V" for Valor. He served on the Intelligence Briefing Team for the commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet. He was designated SPE-CAT Operator in the CINCPACFLT Command Center and held a Top-Secret Q, S.L clearance achieving the rank of First-Class Petty Officer, QMI, (E-6) after only eight years of Naval service. Honorable Discharge 1975. William Cooper earned an Associate of Science Degree in photography from Long Beach City College, Long Beach, California. He founded the Absolute Image Studio and Gallery of Fine Art Photography. William held the position of Executive Director of Adelphi Business College, Pacific Coast Technical Instituted and National Technical College. Mr. Cooper was the National Marketing Coordinator for National Education and Software. He produced several documents covering subjects such as the Kennedy assassination and secret black projects that have built flying disk-shaped craft. He is an internationally acclaimed radio personality broadcasting the "The Hour of The Time" on short-wave WBCQ 7.415 MHz Monday through Thursday nights,6!00 p.m. - .800 p.m. MTN time,8 :00 p.m. to10 :00 p.m. Eastern time. William Cooper has been named by President William Clinton "as the most dangerous Radio Host in America" in a White House Memo, which was read on the air by Rush Limbaugh. William Cooper founded the Citizens Agency Joint Intelligence (CAJI). He is the author of " Behold A Pale Horse" the blockbuster underground seller three years in a row. He is a world class lecturer, one of the few other than superstars, monarchs and popes who have appeared at Wembly on London. He lives in Arizona with his wife and daughters. William is devoted to God, country and family in that order. He keeps busy researching, writing a second book, producing "The Hour Of The Time", and his family. William Cooper believes in truth stating, "Information not money is the power of the nineties." His dream is to wake the sheople, empower the people and preserve Freedom. Bill is a lucid, rational and powerful speaker who intent is to inform and to empower his audience. Standing room only is normal. His presentation and information transcend partisan affiliations as he clearly addresses issues in a way that has a striking impact on listeners of all backgrounds and interests. He has spoken to many groups throughout the United States and has appeared regularly on many radio talk shows and on television. In 1988 Bill decided to "talk" due to events then taking place worldwide, events that he had seen plans for back in the early 1970s. Bill correctly predicted the lowering of the Iron Curtain, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the invasion of Panama, and even 9/11. All Bill's predictions were on record well before the events occurred. Bill is not a psychic. His information comes from Top Secret documents that he read while with the Intelligence Briefing Team and from over 17 years of thorough research. "Like it or not, everything is changing. The result will be the most wonderful experience in the history of man or the most horrible enslavement that you can imagine. Be active or abdicate, the future is in your hands." -- William Cooper, October 24, 1989. “Listen to everyone, read everything, believe nothing until you, yourself, can prove it with your own research.” ~ Bill Cooper RIP BILL COOPER (5/6/43-11/5/2001) https://archive.org/details/WilliamCooperCollection21918 https://archive.org/details/beholdpalehorse0000coop Alex Jones Show - Full William Cooper Interview circa1998: https://rumble.com/v1wzgbk-alex-jones-show-william-cooper-interview-circa1998-subtitles.html "Bill Cooper Was an Alcoholic" -Alex Jones https://rumble.com/v1vydjy-bill-cooper-was-an-alcoholic-alex-jones.html Bill Cooper & Alex Jones Y2k: Lies & Motives: https://rumble.com/v1vuky8-bill-cooper-and-alex-jones-y2k-lies-and-motives.html Behold A Pale Horse: https://archive.org/details/beholdpalehorse0000coop The Bohemian Grove: Who Invited Alex Jones? https://rumble.com/v1vzana-the-bohemian-grove-who-invited-alex-jones.html Alex Jones vs Peaceful Protesters: https://archive.org/details/alex-jones-vs-protesters Bill Cooper HOTT - Alex Jones Liar: https://rumble.com/v1x17lq-william-cooper-hott-alex-jones-liar-9.26.2001.html The Treason Documents: https://archive.org/details/106417338thetreasondocuments Painted Black: The Chilling True Story of the Wave of Violence Sweeping Through Our Hometowns https://archive.org/details/paintedblackfrom0000rasc The Satanic Screen: An Illustrated Guide to the Devil in Cinema https://archive.org/details/satanicscreenill0000schr The Manson File https://archive.org/details/schreck-nikolas-the-manson-file_202012 From PSYOP to MindWar: The Psychology of Victory By: Colonel Paul E. Valley & Major Michael A. Aquino https://archive.org/details/pdfy-Mv-q4qGq8_TBPcwL

First published in 1983, this book delves into the world of secret societies and their activities, with a focus on their influence over global events. It discusses the existence of a "New World Order", the manipulation of world affairs, and the role of organizations like the Freemasons and the Illuminati. The book has been both praised and criticized for its controversial content and claims, and it remains a notable work within the realm of conspiracy literature.

"The Report from Iron Mountain" is a book published in 1967 during the Johnson Administration by Dial Press. It presents itself as the report of a government panel, specifically a Special Study Group of fifteen men whose identities were to remain secret. The book was not intended to be made public. The report details the analyses of a government panel which concludes that war, or a credible substitute for war, is necessary if governments are to maintain power. The book was a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into fifteen languages. There is controversy over whether the book was a satiric hoax about think-tank logic and writing style or the product of a secret government panel. Conspiracy theorists, in particular, reject the statement made in 1972 by satirist Leonard Lewin that the book was a spoof and that he was its author. The book was first published in 1967 by Dial Press and went out of print in 1980. E. L. Doctorow, then an editor at Dial, and Dial president Richard Baron agreed with Lewin and Victor Navasky to list the book as nonfiction and to turn aside questions about its authenticity by citing the footnotes. According to the report, a 15-member panel, called the Special Study Group, was set up in 1963 to examine what problems would occur if the United States entered a state of lasting peace. They met at an underground nuclear bunker called Iron Mountain (as well as other, worldwide locations) and worked over the next two years. A member of the panel, one "John Doe", a professor at a college in the Midwest, decided to release the report to the public. The report is divided into several sections, including the scope of the study, disarmament and the economy, disarmament scenarios, war and peace as social systems, the functions of war, substitutes for the functions of war, summary and conclusions, and recommendations. Read the report here: https://archive.org/details/pdfy-A5uQx1ByqfwWuHma

Embark on a captivating journey into the historical heart of Freemasonry with the comprehensive audiobook of 'Anderson's Constitutions of 1723.' Authored by James Anderson, a Master in the Lodge of Aberdeen, and a revered Freemason, this foundational text has served as a guide and reference point for the fraternity since the 18th century. James Anderson was commissioned by the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster to amalgamate the traditions and laws of Freemasonry into a unified constitution. His work, 'Anderson's Constitutions,' is a consequential milestone in Freemasonry's history. The audiobook ensures that Anderson's insightful writing can be appreciated by a broad audience, enabling scholars and novices alike to glean understanding of Freemasonry's roots. The text is bifurcated into two primary sections. The first offers a legendary and symbolic history of Freemasonry, tracing the fraternity's origins to biblical figures like Adam, Noah, and King Solomon. It weaves a grand narrative, brimming with potent symbolism, creating a unique mythos for the fraternity. The narratives serve as allegorical tools, artfully used to convey the teachings and principles of Freemasonry. The secondary part presents the 'Charges' and 'General Regulations' of a Freemason. These sections lay out the duties, ethical guidelines, and rules that govern Masonic conduct. The charges cover a range of responsibilities, from personal duties to societal, insisting on the paramount importance of morality, legality, and benevolence. The General Regulations provide a structural framework for the fraternity's governance, detailing officer roles, and procedures for meetings and ceremonies. This audiobook animatedly brings to life the wisdom in Anderson's work. Each narrative from the historical section is vividly rendered, allowing listeners to fully engage with the allegorical teachings of Freemasonry. Similarly, the charges and regulations are presented with clarity and precision, providing insights into conduct standards and organizational structure. The AI narrator, Adam, presents the material with an understanding, offering listeners an immersive auditory experience. His narration underscores Freemasonry's symbolic history and brings to life the fraternity's guiding principles and regulations. Anderson's Constitutions stand as a testimony to the enduring wisdom and influence of Freemasonry, reflecting the fraternity's dedication to moral uprightness, benevolence, and brotherly love. This audiobook version provides an opportunity to delve into this pioneering work, inviting listeners to explore the intricacies of Freemasonry's foundational text. Whether you're a Freemason seeking to deepen your understanding, a scholar exploring fraternal organizations, or a curious listener interested in philosophical underpinnings, 'Anderson's Constitutions of 1723' offers a journey into Freemasonry.

Begin a fascinating journey with our AI narrator, Adam. Delve into the 'General Regulations of Freemasonry,' as outlined in the esteemed 'Anderson's Constitutions.' These foundational rules, masterfully brought to life by Adam, govern the conduct of Freemasons, setting high standards for ethics and brotherhood. Once shrouded in the mists of time, these regulations now resonate with clarity through Adam's smooth narration. Zero in on these guiding principles, appreciating their timeless wisdom and enduring influence on Freemasonry. As you listen, you'll not only understand these regulations in their historical context but also their relevance in the modern world. Navigating the complexities of the fraternity's rules, Adam expertly bridges the gap between the past and the present. Invite Adam to guide you through this engaging exploration of Freemasonry's core regulations. He brings a fresh perspective to these ancient rules, making them accessible and engaging for all listeners.

Behold an incredible journey through the legendary and symbolic history of Freemasonry, narrated by our advanced AI, Adam. In this unique audiobook, experience the compelling narrative found in the 'Anderson's Constitutions,' tracing the roots of Freemasonry back to biblical times. Observe as Adam brings to life the tales of renowned figures like Adam himself, Noah, and King Solomon, vividly painting the mythos of this ancient brotherhood. Zero in on the rich cultural narratives, where historical accuracy gives way to potent symbolism. Embark on a deep exploration of the fraternity's core principles and ideals, expertly narrated by our AI, Adam. His narration enhances the vibrant tapestry of Freemasonry's past, rendering it accessible to both experts and novices alike. Adam's insightful narration illuminates the fraternity's complex history, underlining the enduring relevance of its ancient teachings in the modern world. Listen today, nurturing your understanding of this intriguing tradition and its profound influence on society.

Begin a unique journey with our AI narrator, Adam. Listen as he explores the 'Charges of a Freemason' from the famous 'Anderson's Constitutions.' Discover these powerful rules about kindness, friendship, & responsibility, brought to life for everyone to understand. Adam's smooth voice brings a fresh touch to these age-old teachings. Journey through the fascinating history of Freemasonry, learning about its impact on the world then and now. Take in the values and virtues of this ancient brotherhood. Get a closer look at ethics and the idea of helping others, key principles at the heart of Freemasonry, era by era. By listening to this audiobook today, you'll be diving deep into a treasure of ancient wisdom, made simple and engaging for the modern listener.

Embark on an intriguing voyage through time as you delve into the captivating realm of "Dowland's Manuscript." This captivating video takes you on a mesmerizing journey, guiding you through the hallowed corridors of medieval knowledge and insights. Immerse yourself in the rich historical tapestry of this esteemed manuscript, believed to have been authored during a bygone era. "Dowland's Manuscript," thought to have originated around a significant period, offers a mesmerizing window into the depths of Middle English literature. Revered as one of the notable Masonic documents, it holds the distinction of being the second-oldest known artifact within this esteemed tradition. Unveiling its secrets and hidden meanings, this cherished manuscript invites you to unravel the enigmatic teachings, chivalrous principles, and societal customs that permeated the Middle Ages. This video blends modern technology & historical texts thanks to a collaboration between the language model ChatGPT-4, voicechanger.io, VoiceGenerator.io, and the timeless allure of "Greensleeves"; I wouldn't have been able to make this without all of them. It's a testament to the potential of technology in making ancient wisdom more accessible and engaging for everyone. ORIGINAL TEXT: In the Gentleman's Magazine published in the year 1815, a copy of a very valuable old manuscript was printed. We believe it's likely that this original manuscript can be matched to one of the existing manuscripts after a careful comparison. This manuscript was sent to the Editor by Mr. James Dowland with some notes. He said, "For the enjoyment of your readers, I'm sending you an interesting speech about Freemasonry that I recently acquired. It's written clearly on a long scroll of parchment, seemingly from the 17th century, and it was likely copied from an even older manuscript." Brother Woodford, Mr. Wallbran, Mr. Sims, and other notable experts believe that the original manuscript, from which the Gentleman's Magazine copied its content, is from a scroll that's at least a hundred years older than the date given to Mr. Dowland's manuscript. As a result, they estimate its date around 1550, making it the second oldest, just after manuscript B. The wording of this manuscript doesn't differ much from the "Grand Lodge" and "Edinburgh-Kilwinning" manuscripts. The recorded wages mentioned in this manuscript are also in agreement with those found in the "Grand Lodge" manuscript and some of the York manuscripts. May the power of the Father of Kings, along with the wisdom of His glorious Son, through the grace and goodness of the Holy Spirit — three persons in one God — be with us at our beginning. May they give us the grace to live in this mortal life in such a way that we may enter His kingdom that will never end. Amen. Dear Brothers and Fellows: Our aim is to tell you how and in what way this valuable craft of Masonry began. We'll also explain how it was favored by notable Kings, Princes, and many other respected men. Furthermore, for those who are interested, we will outline the responsibilities that every true Mason must uphold — and take note, they are indeed worth upholding for this esteemed craft and complex science. There are seven liberal arts and sciences, and Masonry is one of them. The seven sciences are as follows: The first is Grammar, which teaches a man to speak and write correctly. The second is Rhetoric, teaching a man to speak eloquently and subtly. The third is Dialectic, which helps a man to discern or recognize truth from falsehood. The fourth is Arithmetic, instructing a man to calculate and account all kinds of numbers. The fifth is Geometry, which instructs on the measurement of the earth and all other things, and this science is what Masonry is called. The sixth is Music, teaching a man about songs, voices, tongues, organs, harps, and trumpets. The seventh is Astronomy, which educates a man about the course of the sun, moon, and stars. These are the seven liberal arts and sciences, all of which are based on one science: Geometry. One can argue that the science of work is based on Geometry because it teaches a man about measurement, weight, and balance, of all kinds of things on earth. No person who practices any science does so without using some form of measurement, and no one buys or sells anything without using some form of measurement or weight; all of these involve Geometry. And all these tradesmen, craftsmen, practitioners of the other seven sciences, especially the farmer and cultivators of all types of fields, grains, seeds, vines, and other produce, none of them can find their measurements without Geometry. So, in my opinion, the science of Geometry is the most honorable as it supports all others. I'm going to tell you how these important sciences first began. Before Noah's flood, there was a man named Lamech, as it's written in the Bible, in the 4th chapter of Genesis. This Lamech had two wives, one named Ada, and the other named Sella. With his first wife Ada, he had two sons, Jahell and Tubal. With his second wife Sella, he had a son and a daughter. These four children discovered the beginning of all sciences in the world. The eldest son, Jahell, discovered the science of Geometry. He separated flocks of sheep and lambs in the field and was the first to build houses from stone and wood, as noted in the said chapter. His brother Tubal discovered the science of Music, the art of song, harp, and organ. The third brother, Tubal Cain, discovered metalwork involving gold, silver, copper, iron, and steel, while the daughter discovered the craft of weaving. These children knew that God would take revenge for sins either by fire or water. So, they wrote down their discoveries on two stone pillars so they could be found after Noah's flood. One of these stones was marble because it wouldn't burn with fire, and the other stone was called "laterns," which wouldn't sink in water. We aim to tell you accurately how and in what way these stones, on which these sciences were written, were discovered. A great man named Hermaynes, who was the son of Cus, who was the son of Sem, who was the son of Noah, found one of the two pillars of stone. He read the sciences written on it and taught them to other people. When the Tower of Babylon was being constructed, Masonry was greatly esteemed. The King of Babylon, named Nimrod, was a mason himself and greatly appreciated the craft, as said by historians. When the city of Nineveh and other Eastern cities were being built, Nimrod, the King of Babylon, sent sixty masons to assist at the request of his cousin, the King of Nineveh. When he sent them, he gave them instructions to be honest with each other, to love each other truly, and to serve their lord honestly for their pay. In this way, the master may be honored, and all that belong to him. He gave them more rules to follow. This was the first time Masons were given any instructions or responsibilities related to their craft. Furthermore, when Abraham and his wife Sara went to Egypt, he taught the Egyptians the seven sciences. He had an outstanding student named Euclid who was a master of all seven liberal arts. During his time, it happened that the lord and the ruling class had many sons, some with their wives and some with other ladies of the realm. The land was abundant in offspring due to its warm climate, but they couldn't adequately support their children, which caused them great worry. The king of the land convened a large council or parliament to discuss how they might provide for their children in a respectable way fitting for gentlemen, but they couldn't find a solution. So, they announced throughout the realm that anyone who could suggest a solution should come forward and would be rewarded generously. Upon hearing this, the learned Euclid came forward and proposed to the king and his lords to take their children under his guidance and teach them one of the seven sciences, so they could lead respectable lives as gentlemen should. He made one condition - he should be granted authority to govern them as the science demands. The king and his council agreed to this, granting and sealing their permission. Then, Euclid took these lord's sons and taught them the practical science of Geometry for working with stones and creating impressive work associated with constructing churches, temples, castles, towers, manors, and all other kinds of buildings. He gave them certain rules to follow. The first rule was that they should be loyal to the king and the lords they served. They should love one another and be honest with each other, and refer to each other as fellows or brothers, not as servants or slaves or any other disrespectful name. They should earn their pay from the lord or master they served. They should appoint the wisest among them to be the master of the work and not let love, noble lineage, wealth, or favoritism prevent a less skilled person from being the master, as it would result in poor service to the lord and shame for them. They should also address the person in charge of the work as Master during the time they work with him. He gave them many other instructions and made them swear a serious oath, common at that time, agreeing to these rules. He arranged reasonable wages for them so they could live decently. Moreover, he also instructed them to assemble once a year to discuss how they could best serve their lord and bring honor to themselves, and to hold accountable anyone who had violated the science's rules. This is how the science was established there, and the distinguished Euclid named it Geometry. But now, it is called Masonry throughout the land. Then, long after, when the Children of Israel came into the land of Beheast, now known among us as Jerusalem, King David began to build the temple they called "Templum D'ni," or what we call the Temple of Jerusalem. King David appreciated masons, treated them well, and paid them well. He passed on the instructions and customs he learned from Egypt given by Euclid and other instructions that you will hear about later. After King David's death, his son Solomon completed the Temple his father started. He brought together masons from various countries and lands, amounting to eighty thousand stone workers, all referred to as masons. He selected three thousand from them to be masters and supervisors of his work. Moreover, there was a king from another region named Hiram, who liked King Solomon and gave him timber for his construction. Hiram had a son named Aynon who was a master of Geometry and was the chief master of all his masons, handling all the carvings and masonry work related to the Temple. This is affirmed in the Bible, in the Book of Kings, the third chapter. Solomon confirmed the duties and customs his father had given to the masons. This is how masonry was established in Jerusalem and other kingdoms. Craftsmen skilled in this work travelled far and wide to different countries, some to learn more skills and others to teach those who knew little. A skilled mason named Maymus Grecus, who had worked on Solomon's Temple, went to France and taught masonry there. There was a royal figure in France named Charles Martel who loved this craft. He learned the science from Maymus Grecus and also took up the responsibilities and customs. Later, he became the King of France by God's grace. When he came into power, he supported the masons, helped make more masons, and gave them the duties, customs, and good pay as he had learned from other masons. He also confirmed their right to hold annual meetings wherever they wished, treating them well. This is how masonry came to France. England didn't have any organized masonry until the time of Saint Alban. During his time, the King of England, who was a pagan, built a wall around the town called Saint Alban. Saint Alban was a respected knight and steward in the king's household, overseeing the realm and the construction of the town walls. He liked masons and treated them well, improving their wages to two shillings and six pence a week and three pence for their meals. Before this, throughout the land, a mason would only receive a penny a day and food. Saint Alban enhanced this, granting them a charter from the King and his Council to hold a general council or assembly. Saint Alban himself attended these meetings, helped make masons, and gave them their duties. Soon after Saint Alban's death, various wars came into England from different nations, disrupting the good order of masonry until King Athelstone's reign. He was a respected King of England who brought peace and built many great works like abbeys and towers. He liked masons and had a son named Edwin, who loved masonry even more than his father. Edwin was deeply interested in Geometry, liked to talk and learn about the craft from the masons, and even became a mason himself. He obtained a charter and commission from his father, the King, to hold an annual assembly anywhere within England to address any faults or transgressions within the craft. He held a meeting in York, where he created Masons, gave them their duties, and taught them their customs. He ordered these rules to be followed ever since, and then kept the Charter and Commission, making a rule that it should be passed on from king to king. When the assembly was gathered, he made a declaration asking all the old and young Masons, who had any written or understood instructions and customs from this land or any other, to bring them forward. When they were examined, they found some in French, Greek, English, and other languages, but all had the same intention. He made a book out of these and included the origins of the craft. He himself ordered that it should be read or recited whenever a new Mason is made, to give him his duties. Since that day, Masonic customs have been followed in that form as well as people could manage it. Also, several assemblies have established specific duties through the best advice of Masters and fellows. Then an elder holds the book, as they or he lay hands on the book, and then they should be ordered to do so by law. Every man who is a Mason, pay close attention to these duties. If anyone finds themselves guilty of any of these, they should correct themselves in the eyes of God. Most importantly, those about to be given these responsibilities, make sure you can carry out these duties well, because it's very risky to lie on a book. The first duty is, you should be a true servant to God and the Holy Church, not straying into error or heresy as per your understanding or as taught by wise men. Also, you should be a loyal subject to the King of England without committing treason or any falsehood. If you know of any treason or betrayal, try to fix it privately if possible, or else warn the King or his Council. Also, you should be true to each other, that is, to every Mason of the Masonry craft. You should treat them as you would want to be treated. Moreover, you should keep all the secrets of the Lodge and Chamber and all other secrets that a Mason should keep. Also, no Mason should be involved in theft or thievery as far as he knows. You should also be loyal to the lord or master you serve, and genuinely seek his profit and advantage. You should call other Masons your brothers or your fellows, and not use any insulting names. Also, don't disgracefully pursue your fellow's wife, his daughter, or his servant, and don't disgrace him in any way. You should also pay fairly for your food and drink wherever you board. Also, don't do anything disgraceful in the place where you board, that might harm the reputation of the craft. These are the general responsibilities every true Mason should keep, both Masters and fellows. Now, I will go over the specific responsibilities for Masters and Fellows. First, no Master should take on a lord's work or anyone else's work unless he knows himself to be capable and knowledgeable enough to complete the lord's work in a way that the craft won't be slandered or disgraced, and that the lord can be well and truly served. Also, no Master should take on work unless it's reasonable, so that the lord can be truly served with his own goods, and the Master can live honestly and pay his fellows fairly. No master or fellow should undercut each other's work. If you've taken on work or are in charge of a lord's work, you shouldn't push him out unless he's unable to finish the work. No Master or fellow should take an apprentice for less than seven years, and the apprentice should be able-bodied, freeborn, and sound of limbs as a man should be. Also, no Master or fellow should allow someone to be made a Mason without the agreement of at least six or seven experienced fellows. The person to be made a Mason should be free-born, of good kin, honest, and not a slave. Also, no Mason should take an apprentice unless he has enough work for at least two or three fellows. No master or fellow should put a lord's work out for bids that used to be paid by the day. Each Master should pay his fellows as they deserve, so you're not fooled by shoddy workers. None of you should slander another behind his back causing him to lose his good name or worldly goods. No fellow, either within the Lodge or outside, should answer disrespectfully without a reasonable cause. Every Mason should respect his elder and honor him. No Mason should gamble or play dice or any other unlawful games that might disgrace the craft. No Mason should indulge in promiscuity or act as a pimp, which could slander the craft. No fellow should go into town at night, where there's a lodge of fellows, unless he has a fellow with him who can vouch for his being in a respectable place. Every Master and fellow should attend the Assembly, if it's within fifty miles of him, if he has any written charges. If you've done something wrong against the craft, you should accept the decision of the Masters and Fellows, and try to make peace if possible. If you can't agree, go to the courts. Neither a master nor a fellow should make a mould, square or rule for a layman, nor allow a layman in the lodge, or outside, to cut mould stones. Every Mason should welcome and take care of fellow Masons when they travel through the country, give them work if they want, as is the custom. If he doesn't have work in his place, he should give him money to get to the next lodge. Every Mason should serve the lord faithfully for his pay, and every master should complete his work, be it by task or by the day, if you have your agreements and everything else you should have. These responsibilities that we've now gone over with you, and all that belong to Masons, you should uphold, may your God help you, as well as your faith, and according to what this book instructs, to the best of your abilities. Amen! (Reprinted from Volume 85 of the Gentleman's Magazine, first printed in June 1815)

Embark on an enlightening journey back in time with this engaging video that leads you through the fascinating corridors of medieval wisdom and principles. This immersive exploration plunges you into the historical panorama of the Matthew Cooke Manuscript—a revered document penned around 1450, providing a profound examination of societal norms and moral standards from a time long past. The Matthew Cooke Manuscript, scribed roughly around 1450, is an important Middle English text, acknowledged as the second-oldest known Masonic document. While its origins continue to be a subject of intrigue, this invaluable document delivers an intriguing glimpse into the moral teachings, chivalric tenets, and societal codes prevalent during the Middle Ages. This video blends modern technology & historical texts thanks to a collaboration between the language model ChatGPT-4, voicechanger.io, VoiceGenerator.io, and the timeless allure of "Greensleeves"; I wouldn't have been able to make this without all of them. It's a testament to the potential of technology in making ancient wisdom more accessible and engaging for everyone. ORIGINAL TEXT: The Matthew Cooke Manuscript One of the oldest known Masonic Documents Written about 1450 Thanked be God, our glorious Father, the founder and creator of heaven and earth, and of all things that therein are, for that he has vouchsafed, of his glorious Godhead, to make so many things of manifold virtue for the use of mankind. For he made all things to be subject and obedient to man. All things eatable of a wholesome nature he ordained for man's sustenance. And moreover, he hath given to man wit and the knowledge of divers things and handicrafts, by the which we may labour in this world, in order to therewith get our livelihood and fashion many objects, pleasant in the sight of God, to our own ease and profit. To rehearse all these matters here were too long in the writing or telling, I will therefore refrain; but I will nevertheless, tell you some ; for instance, how and in what manner the Science of Geometry was first invented, and who were the founders both thereof and of several other crafts, as is declared in the Bible, and other histories. How, and in what manner this worthy Science of Geometry took its rise, I will tell you, as I said before. You must know that there are seven liberal sciences, from which seven all other sciences and crafts in the world sprung; but especially is Geometry the first cause of all the other sciences, whatsoevor they be. These seven sciences are as follows: The first, which is called the foundation of all science, is grammar, which teacheth to write and speak correctly. The second is rhetoric, which teaches us to speak elegantly. The third is dialectic, which teaches us to discern the true from the false, and it is usually called art or sophistry (logic). The fourth is arithmetic, which instructs us in the science of numbers, to reckon, and to make accounts. The fifth is Geometry, which teaches us all about mensuration, measures and weights, of all kinds of handicrafts. The sixth is music, and that teaches the art of singing by notation for the voice, on the organ, trumpet, and harp, and of all things pertaining thereto. The seventh is astronomy, which teaches us the course of the sun and of the moon and of the other stars and planets of heaven. Our intent is to treat chiefly of the first foundation of Geometry and who were the founders thereof. As I said before, there are seven liberal sciences, that is to say, seven sciences or crafts that are free in themselves, the which seven exist only through Geometry. And Geometry may be described as earth-mensuration, for Geometry is derived from geo, which is in Greek "earth," and metrona or a measure. Thus is the word Geometry compounded and signifies the measure of the earth. Marvel not because I said that all sciences exist only through the science of Geometry. For there is no art or handicraft wrought by man's hands that is not wrought by Geometry which is a chief factor (notabulle cause) thereof. For if a man work with his hands he employs some sort of tool, and there is no instrument of any material in this world which is not formed of some sort of earth (ore) and to earth it will return. And there is no instrument or tool to work with that has not some proportion, more or less. And proportion is measure, and the instrument or tool is earth. And Geometry is earth-mensuration therefore I affirm that all men live by Geometry. For all men here to this world live by the labour of their hands. Many more proofs could I give you that Geometry is the science by which all reasoning men live, but I refrain at this time because the writing of it were a long process. And now I will enter further into the matter You must know that among all the crafts followed by man in this world, Masonry has the greatest renown end the largest share of this science of Geometry, as is stated in history, such as the Bible, and the Master of History," and in the Policronicon a well authenticated (or trustworthy) chronicle, and in the history called Beda De Imagine Mundi, and Isodorus Ethomolegiarum Methodius Episcopus & Martiris. And many others say that Masonry is the chief part of Geometry and so methinks it may well be said, for it was the first founded, as is stated in the Bible, in the first book of Genesis and the fourth chapter. And moreover all the learned authors above cited agree thereto. And some of them affirm it more openly and plainly, precisely as in Genesis in the Bible. Before Noah's Flood by direct male descent from Adam in the seventh generation, there lived a man called Lamech who had two wives, called Adah and Zillah. By the first wife, Adah, he begat two sons, Jabal and Jubal. The elder son Jabal was the first man that ever discovered geometry and masonry, and he made houses, and is called in the Bible the father of all men who dwell in tents or dwelling houses. And he was Cain's master mason and governor of the works when he built the city of Enoch, which was the first city ever made and was built by Cain, Adam's son, who gave it to his own son Enoch, and give the city the name of his son and called it Enoch, and now it is known as Ephraim. And at that place was the Science of Geometry and Masonry first prosecuted and contrived as a science and as a handicraft. And so we may well say that it is the first cause and foundation of all crafts and sciences. And also this man Jabel was called the father of shepherds. The Master of History says, and Beda De Imagine Mundi and the Policronicon and many others more say, that he was the first that made partition of lands, in order that every man might know his own land and labour thereon for himself. And also he divided flocks of sheep, that every man might know his own sheep, and so we may say that he was the inventor of that science. And his brother Jubal or Tubal was the inventor of music and song, as Pythagoras states in Polycronicon, and the same says Isodorous. In his Ethemolegiis in the 6th book he says that he was the first founder of music and song, and of the organ and trumpet; and he discovered that science by the sound of the weights of his brother's, Tubal-Cain's, hammers. And of a truth, as the Bible says, that is to say, in the fourth Chapter of Genesis, Lamech begat by his other wife Zillah a son and a daughter, and their names Tubal Cain, that was the son, and the daughter was called Naamah. And according to the Policronicon, some men say that she was Noah's wife; but whether this be so or not, we will not affirm. Ye must know that this son Tubal Cain was the founder of the smith's craft and of other handicrafts dealing with metals, such as iron, brass, gold and silver as some learned writers say; and his sister Naamah discovered the craft of weaving for before her time no cloth was woven, but they span yarn and knit it and made such clothing as they could. And as this woman Naamah invented the craft of weaving it was called woman'scraft. And these four brethren knew that God would take vengeance for sin, either by fire or water. And they were much concerned how to save the sciences they had discovered, and they took counsel together and exercised all their wits. And they said there were two kinds of stone of such virtue that the one would not burn, called marble, and the other named "Lacerus" would not sink in water. And so they devised to write all the sciences they had found on these two stones, so that if God took vengeance by fire the marble would not burn, and if by water the other would not drown, and they besought their elder brother Jabal to make two pillars of these two stones, that is of marble and of "Lacerus," and to write on the two pillars all the sciences and crafts which they had found and he did so. And therefore we may say that he was the wisest in science, for he first began and carried out their purpose before Noah's flood, Fortunately knowing of the vengeance that God would send, the brethren knew not whether it would be by fire or water. They knew by a sort of prophecy that God would send one or the other, and therefore they wrote their sciences on the two pillars of stone. And some men say that they wrote on the stones all the seven sciences, but [this I affirm not]. As they had it in mind that a vengeance would come, so it befell that God did send vengeance, and there came such a flood that all the world was drowned and all men died save only eight persons. These were Noah and his wife and his three sons and their wives, of which sons all the world is descended, and they were named in this wise, Shem, Ham and Japhet. And this flood is called Noah's Flood, for he and his children were saved therein. And many years after the flood, according to the chronicle, these two pillars were found, and the chronicle says that a great clerk, Pythagoras, found the one, and Hermes the philosopher found the other, and they taught the sciences that they found written thereon. Every chronicle and history and many other writers and the Bible especially relate the building or the tower of Babel; and it is written in the Bible, Genesis, Chap. x how that Ham, Noah's son, begat Nimrod, who grew a mighty man upon the earth and waxed strong, like unto a giant. He was a great king and the beginning of his kingdom was the kingdom of Babilon proper, and Erech and Arend and Calnch and the land of Shinar. And this same Ham began the tower of Babel and taught his workmen the Craft of Masonry and he had with him many masons, more than 40,000, and he loved and cherished them well. And it is written in Polycronicon, and in the Master of History, and in other histories, and beyond this the Bible witnesses in the same 10th chapter, as it is written, that Ashur who was of near kindred to Nimrod went forth from the land of Shinar and built the City of Nineveh and Plateas (sic) and many more. For it is written "Do terra illa" [&c.] It is but reasonable that we should plainly say how and in what manner the Charges of the Mason's Craft were first founded, and who first gave it the name of Masonry And you must know that it is stated and written in the Polycronicon and in Methothus Episcopus and Martiris that Ashur who was a worthy lord of Shinar, sent to Nimrod the king to send him Masons and workmen of the Craft that they might help him make his city which he was minded to make. And Nimrod sent him 3000 masons. And as they were about to depart and go forth, he called them before him and said to them, "Ye must go to my cousin Ashur to help him build a city, but see to it, that ye be well governed, and I will give you a Charge that shall be to your and my profit. "When you come to that lord, look that you be true to him, even as you would be to me, labour at your Craft honestly, and take a reasonable payment for it such as you may deserve. Love each other as though you were brothers and hold together staunchly. Let him that hath most skill teach his fellow, and be careful that your conduct amongst yourselves and towards your lord may be to my credit, that I may have thanks for sending you and teaching you the Craft." And they received the charge from him, being their lord and master, and went forth to Ashur and built the city of Nineveh in the country of Plateas (sic) and other cities also that are called Calah and Rosen, which is a great city between Calah and Nineveh. And in this manner the Craft of Masonry was first instituted and charged as a science. Elders of Masons before our times had these charges in writing as we have them now in our Charges of the story of Euclid, and as we have seen them written both in Latin and in French. But it is only reasonable that we should tell you how Euclid came to the knowledge of Geometry, as stated in the Bible and in other histories. In the XlIth chapter of Genesis it is told how Abraham came to the land of Canaan and our Lord appeared unto him and said, "I will give this land to thy seed." But a great famine reigned in that land and Abraham took Sarah, his wife, with him and made a journey into Egypt to abide there whilst the famine lasted. And Abraham, so says the chronicle, was as a wise man and a learned. And he knew all the seven sciences and taught the Egyptians the science of Geometry. And this worthy clerk Euclid was his pupil and learned of him. And he first gave it the name of Geometry; although it was practised before his time, it had not acquired the name of Geometry. But it is said by Isodoras in the 5th Book and first Chapter of Ethomolegiarum that Euclid was one of the first founders of Geometry and gave it that name. For in his time, the river of Egypt which is called the Nile so overflowed the land that no man could dwell therein. Then the worthy clerk Euclid taught them to make great walls and ditches to keep back the water, and by Geometry he measured the land and parcelled it out into sections and caused every man to enclose his own portion with walls and ditches and thus it became a country abounding in all kinds of produce, and of young people and of men and women: so that the youthful population increased so much as to render earning a livelihood difficult. And the lords of the country drew together and took counsel how they might help their children who had no competent livelihood in order to provide for themselves and their children, for they had so many. And at the council amongst them was this worthy Clerk Euclid and when he saw that all of them could devise no remedy in the matter be said to them "Lay your orders upon your sons and I will teach them a science by which they may live as gentlemen, under the condition that they shall be sworn to me to uphold the regulations that I shall lay upon them." And both they and the king of the country and all the lords agreed thereto with one consent. It is but reasonable that every man should agree to that which tended to profit himself; and so they took their sons to Euclid to be ruled by him and he taught them the Craft of Masonry and gave it the name of Geometry on account of the parcelling out of the ground which he had taught the people at the time of making the walls and ditches, as aforesaid, to keep out the water. And Isodoris says in Ethomologies that Euclid called the craft Geometry. And there this worthy clerk Euclid gave it a name and taught it to the lord's sons of that land whom he had as pupils. And he gave them a charge. That they should call each other Fellow and no otherwise, they being all of one craft and of the same gentle birth, lords' sons. And also that the most skilful should be governor of the work and should be called master; and other charges besides, which are written in the Book of Charges. And so they worked for the lords of the land and built cities and towns, castles and temples and lords' palaces. During the time that the childen of Israel dwelt in Egypt they learned the craft of Masonry. And after they were driven out of Egypt they came into the promised land, which is now called Jerusalem, and they occupied that land and the charges were observed there. And [at] the making of Solomon's Temple which king David began, King David loved masons well, and gave them [wages] nearly as they are now. And at the making of the Temple in Solomon's time, as stated in the Bible in the third book of Kings and the fifth chapter, Solomon held four score thousand masons at work. And the son of the king of Tyre was his master mason. And in other chronicles and in old books of masonry, it is said that Solomon confirmed the charges that David his father had given to masons. And Solomon himself taught them their usages differing but slightly from the customs now in use. And from thence this worthy science was brought into France and into many other regions. At one time there was a worthy king in France called Carolus Secondus, that is to say Charles the Second. And this Charles was elected king of France by the grace of God and also by right of descent. And some men say he was elected by good fortune, which is false as by the chronicles he was of the blood royal. And this same king Charles was a mason before he became king. And after he was king he loved masons and cherished them and gave them charges and usages of his devising, of which some are yet in force in France; and he ordained that they should have an assembly once a year and come and speak together in order that the masters and follows might regulate all things amiss. And soon after that came St. Adhabelle into England and he converted St. Alban to Christianity. And St. Alban loved well masons and he was the first to give them charges and customs in England, And he ordained [wages] adequate to pay for their toil. And after that there was a worthy king in England, called Athelstan, and his youngest son loved well the science of Geometry; and he knew well, as well as the masons themselves, that their handicraft was the practice of the science of Geometry. Therefore he drew to their councils (or took counsel, or lessons, of them) and learned the practical part of that science in addition to his theoretical (or book) knowledge. For of the speculative part he was a master. And he loved well masonry and masons. And he became a mason himself. And he give them charges and usages such as are now customary in England and in other countries. And he ordained that they should have reasonable pay. And he purchased a free patent of the king that they might hold an assembly at what time they thought reasonable and come together to consult. Of the which charges, usages and assembly it is written and taught in our Book of Charges; wherefore I leave it for the present. Good men! for this cause and in this way Masonry first arose. It befell, once upon a time, that great lords had so many free begotten children that their possessions were not extensive enough to provide for their future. Therefore they took counsel how to provide for their children and find them all honest livelihood. And they sent for wise masters of the worthy science of Geometry, that through their wisdom they might provide them with some honest living. Then one of them that was called Euclid a most subtil and wise inventor regulated [that science] and art and called it Masonry. And so in this art of his he honestly taught the children of great lords according to the desire of the fathers and the free consent of their children. And having taught them with great care for a certain time they were not all alike capable of exercising the said art, wherefore the said master Euclid ordained that those that surpassed the others in skill should be honoured above the others. And [comman]ded to call the more skilful "master" and for [him] to instruct the less skilful. The which masters were called masters of nobility, of knowledge and skill in that art. Nevertheless they commanded that they that were of less knowledge should not be called servants or subjects, but fellows, on account of the nobility of their gentle blood. In this manner was the aforesaid art begun in the land of Egypt by the aforesaid master Euclid and so it spread from country to country and from kingdom to kingdom Many years after, in the time of king Athelstan, sometime king of England, by common assent of his Council and other great lords of the land on account of great defects found amongst masons, a certain rule was ordained for them. Once a year or every three years as might appear needful to the king and great lords of the land and all the comunity, congregations should be called by the masters from country to country and from province to province of all masters, masons and fellows in the said art. And at such congregations those that are made masters shall be examined in the articles hereafter written and be ransacked whether they be able and skilful in order to serve the lords to their profit and to the honour of the aforesaid art. And moreover they shall be charged to well and truly expend the goods of their lords, as well of the lowest as of the highest; for those are their lords for the time being of whom they take their pay in recompense of their service and toil. The first article is this. That every master of this art should be wise, and true to the lord who employs him, expending his goods carefully as he would his own were expended; and not give more pay to any mason than he knows him to have earned, according to the dearth (or scarcity and therefore price) of corn and victuals in the country and this without favouritism, for every man is to be rewarded according to his work. The Second article is this. That every master of the art shall be warned beforehand to come to his congregation in order that he may duly come, there, unless he may [be] excused for some cause or other. But if he be found [i.e., accused of being] rebellious at such congregation, or at fault in any way to his employer's harm or the reproach of this art, he shall not be excused unless he be in peril of death. And though he be in peril of death, yet must, he give notice of his illness, to the master who is the president of the gathering. The [third] article is this. That no master take no apprentice for a shorter term than seven years at least, for the reason that such as have been bound a shorter time can not adequately learn their art, nor be able to truly serve their employer and earn the pay that a mason should. The fourth article is this. That no master shall for any reward take as an apprentice a bondsman born, because his lord to whom he is a bondsman might take him, as he is entitled to, from his art and carry him away with him from out the Lodge, or out of the place he is in. And because his fellows peradventure might help him and take his part, and thence manslaughter might arise; therefore it is forbidden. And there is another reason; because his art was begun by the freely begotten children of great lords, as aforesaid. The fifth article is this. That no master shall pay more to his apprentice during the time of his apprenticeship, whatever profit he may take thereby, than he well knows him to have deserved of the lord that employs him; and not even quite so much, in order that the lord of the works where he is taught may have some profit by his being taught there. The sixth article is this. That no master from covetousness or for gain shall accept an apprentice that is unprofitable; that is, having any maim (or defect) by reason of which he is incapable of doing a mason's proper work. The seventh article is this. That no master shall knowingly help or cause to be maintained and sustained any common nightwalker robber by which nightwalking they may be rendered incapable of doing a fair day's work and toil: a condition of things by which their fellows might be made wrath. The eighth article is this. Should it befall that a perfect and skilful mason come and apply for work and find one working who is incompetent and unskilful, the master of the place shall discharge the incompetent and engage the skilful one, to the advantage of the employer. The ninth article is this. That no master shall supplant another. For it is said in the art of masonry that no man can so well complete a work to the advantage of the lord, begun by another as he who began it intending to end it in accordance with his own plans, or [he] to whom he shows his plans. These regulation following were made by the lords (employers) and masters of divers provinces and divers congregations of masonry. [First point] To wit: whosoever desires to become a mason, it behoves him before all things to [love] God and the holy Church and all the Saints; and his master and follows as his own brothers. The second point. He must give a fair day's work for his pay. The third [point]. He shall hele the counsel or his fellows in lodge and in chamber, and wherever masons meet. The fourth point. He shall be no traitor to the art and do it no harm nor conform to any enactments against the art nor against the members thereof: but he shall maintain it in all honour to the best of his ability. The fifth point. When he receives his pay he shall take it without murmuring, as may be arranged at the time by the master; and he shall fulfil the agreement regarding the hours of work and rest, as ordained and set by the master. The sixth point. In case of disagreement between him and his fellows, he shall unquestioningly obey the master and be silent thereon at the bidding of his master, or of his master's warden in his master's absence, until the next following holiday and shall then settle the matter according to the verdict of his fellows; and not upon a work-day because of the hindrance to the work and to the lord's interests. The seventh point. He shall not covet the wife nor the daughter of his master or of his fellows unless it be in marriage neither shall he hold concubines, on account of the discord this might create amongst them. The eighth point. Should it befall him to be his master's warden, he shall be a true mediator between his master and his fellows: and he shall be active in his master's absence to the honour of his master and the profit of the lord who employs him. The ninth point. If he be more wise and skilful than his fellow working with him in the Lodge or in any other place, and he perceive that for want of skill, he is about to spoil the stone upon which he is working and can teach him to improve the stone, he shall instruct and help him; so that love may increase the more amongst them and the work of his employer be not lost. When the master and fellows, being forewarned are come to such congregations, the sheriff of the country or the mayor of the city or alderman of the town in which the congregation is held, shall if need be, be fellow and associate of the master of the congregation, to help him against disobedient members to maintain the rights of the realm. And at the commencement of the proceedings, new men who have never been charged before are to be charged in this manner. Ye shall never be thieves nor thieves' maintainers, and shall do a fair day's work and toil for your pay that you take of the lord, and shall render true accounts to your fellows in all matters which should be accounted for to them, and love them as yourselves. And ye shall be true to the king of England and to the realm: and that ye keep with all your might and [power] all the aforesaid articles. After that an enquiry shall be held whether any master or fellow summoned to the meeting, have broken any of the beforesaid articles, which, if they have done, it shall be then and there adjudicated upon. Therefore be it known; if any master or fellow being forewarned to come to the congregation, be contumacious and appear not; or having trespassed against any of the aforesaid articles shall be convicted; he shall forswear his masonry and shall no longer exercise the craft. And if he presume so to do, the sheriff of the country in which he may be found at work shall put him in prison and take all his goods for the use of the king, until his (the king's) grace be granted and showed him. For this cause chiefly were these congregations ordained; that the lowest as well as the highest might be well and truly served in the aforesaid art throughout all the kingdom of England. Amen, so mote it be.

Take a step back into history with this enlightening video that guides you through a realm of ancient wisdom and morality. This immersive journey into the landscape of the Regius Manuscript—a treasured text from the late 14th century—provides a unique exploration of moral duties and behaviors from a bygone era. The Regius Manuscript, dating from around 1390, is a Middle English poetic text, considered the oldest known Masonic document. Its origins remain shrouded in mystery, but its 64 pages of rhymed verse provide a compelling snapshot of medieval society's moral instructions, chivalric codes, and practical etiquette. This video blends modern technology & historical texts thanks to a collaboration between the language model ChatGPT-4, voicechanger.io, VoiceGenerator.io, and the timeless allure of "Greensleeves"; I wouldn't have been able to make this without all of them. It's a testament to the potential of technology in making ancient wisdom more accessible and engaging for everyone. ORIGINAL: The Regius Manuscript "A Poem of Moral Duties" The oldest known Masonic Document in Poetic Meter Written about 1390 (In the original text) Hic incipiunt constituciones artis gemetriae secundum Eucyldem. Whose wol bothe wel rede and loke, He may fynde wryte yn olde boke Of grete lordys and eke ladyysse, That had mony chyldryn y-fere, y-wisse; And hade no rentys to fynde hem wyth, Nowther yn towne, ny felde, ny fryth: A cownsel togeder they cowthe hem take; To ordeyne for these chyldryn sake, How they myzth best lede here lyfe Withoute fret desese, care and stryge; And most for the multytude that was comynge Of here chyldryn after here zyndynge. (They) sende thenne after grete clerkys, To techyn hem thenne gode werkys; And pray we hem, for our Lordys sake, To oure chyldryn sum werke to make, That they myzth gete here lyvnge therby, Bothe wel and onestlyche, ful sycurly. Yn that tyme, throzgh good gemetry, Thys onest craft of good masonry Wes ordeynt and made yn thys manere, Y-cownterfetyd of thys clerkys y-fere; At these lordys prayers they cownterfetyd gemetry, And zaf hyt the name of masonry, For the moste oneste craft of alle. These lordys chyldryn therto dede falle, To lurne of hym the craft of gemetry, The wheche he made ful curysly; Throzgh fadrys prayers and modrys also, Thys onest craft he putte hem to. He that lerned best, and were of oneste, And passud hys felows yn curyste; Zef yn that craft he dede hym passe, He schulde have more worschepe then the lasse. Thys frete clerkys name was clept Euclyde, Hys name hyt spradde ful wondur wyde. Zet thys grete clerke more ordeynt he To hym that was herre yn thys degre, That he schulde teche the synplyst of (wytte) Yn that onest craft to be parfytte; And so uchon schulle techyn othur, And love togeder as syster and brothur. Forthermore zet that ordeynt he, Mayster y-called so schulde he be; So that he were most y-worschepede, Thenne sculde he be so y-clepede: But mason schulde never won other calle, Withynne the craft amongus hem alle, Ny soget, ny servant, my dere brother, Thazht he be not so perfyt as ys another; Uchon sculle calle other felows by cuthe, For cause they come of ladyes burthe. On thys maner, throz good wytte of gemetry, Bygan furst the craft of masonry: The clerk Euclyde on thys wyse hyt fonde, Thys craft of gemetry yn Egypte londe. Yn Egypte he tawzhte hyt ful wyde, Yn dyvers londe on every syde; Mony erys afterwarde, y understonde, Zer that the craft com ynto thys londe, Thys craft com ynto Englond, as y zow say, Yn tyme of good kynge Adelstonus day; He made tho bothe halle and eke bowre, And hye templus of gret honowre, To sportyn hym yn bothe day and nyzth, Thys goode lorde loved thys craft ful wel, And purposud to strenthyn hyt every del, For dyvers defawtys that yn the craft he fonde; He sende about ynto the londe After alle the masonus of the crafte, To come to hym ful evene strazfte, For to amende these defautys alle By good consel, zef hyt mytzth falle. A semble thenne he cowthe let make Of dyvers lordis, yn here state, Dukys, erlys, and barnes also, Kynzthys, sqwyers, and mony mo, And the grete burges of that syte, They were ther alle yn here degre; These were ther uchon algate, To ordeyne for these masonus astate. Ther they sowzton by here wytte, How they myzthyn governe hytte: Fyftene artyculus they ther sowzton And fyftene poyntys they wrozton. Hic incipit articulus primus. The furste artycul of thys gemetry:-- The mayster mason moste be ful securly bothe stedefast, trusty, and trwe, Hyt schal hum never thenne arewe: And pay thy felows after the coste, As vytaylys goth thenne, wel thou woste; And pay them trwly, apon thy fay, What that they mowe serve fore; And spare, nowther for love ny drede, Of nowther partys to take no mede; Of lord ny felow, whether he be, Of hem thou take no maner of fe; And as a jugge stonde upryzth, And thenne thou dost to bothe good ryzth; And trwly do thys whersever thou gost, Thy worschep, thy profyt, hyt shcal be most. Articulus secundus. The secunde artycul of good masonry, As ze mowe hyt here hyr specyaly, That every mayster, that ys a mason, Most ben at the generale congregacyon, So that he hyt resonably z-tolde Where that the semble schal be holde; And to that semble he most nede gon, But he have a resenabul skwsacyon, Or but he be unbuxom to that craft, Or with falssehed ys over-raft, Or ellus sekenes hath hym so stronge, That he may not com hem amonge; That ys a skwsacyon, good and abulle, To that semble withoute fabulle. Articulus tercius. The thrydde artycul for sothe hyt uysse, That the mayster take to no prentysse, but he have good seuerans to dwelle Seven zer with hym, as y zow telle, Hys craft to lurne, that ys profytable; Withynne lasse he may not be able To lordys profyt, ny to his owne, As ze mowe knowe by good resowne. Articulus quartus. The fowrhe artycul thys moste be That the mayster hym wel be-se, That he no bondemon prentys make, Ny for no covetyse do hym take; For the lord that he ys bonde to, May fache the prentes whersever he go. Zef yn the logge he were y-take, Muche desese hyt myzth ther make, And suche case hyt myzth befalle, That hyt myzth greve summe or alle. For alle the masonus tht ben there Wol stonde togedur hol y-fere Zef suche won yn that craft schulde swelle, Of dyvers desesys ze myzth telle: For more zese thenne, and of honeste, Take a prentes of herre degre. By olde tyme wryten y fynde That the prenes schulde be of gentyl kynde; And so symtyme grete lordys blod Toke thys gemetry, that ys ful good. Articulus quintus. The fyfthe artycul ys swythe good, So that the prentes be of lawful blod; The mayster schal not, for no vantage, Make no prentes that ys outrage; Hyt ys to mene, as ze mowe here, That he have hys lymes hole alle y-fere; To the craft hyt were gret schame, To make an halt mon and a lame, For an unperfyt mon of suche blod Schulde do the craft but lytul good. Thus ze mowe knowe everychon, The craft wolde have a myzhty mon; A maymed mon he hath no myzht, Ze mowe hyt knowe long zer nyzht. Articulus sextus. The syzte artycul ze mowe not mysse, That the mayster do the lord no pregedysse, To take of the lord, for hyse prentyse, Also muche as hys felows don, yn alle vyse. For yn that craft they ben ful perfyt, So ys not he, ze mowe sen hyt. Also hyt were azeynus good reson, To take hys, hure as hys felows don. Thys same artycul, yn thys casse, Juggythe the prentes to take lasse Thenne hys felows, that ben ful perfyt. Yn dyvers maters, conne qwyte hyt, The mayster may his prentes so enforme, That hys hure may crese ful zurne, And, zer hys terme come to an ende, Hys hure may ful wel amende. Articulus septimus. The seventhe artycul that ys now here, Ful wel wol telle zow, alle y-fere, That no mayster, for favour ny drede, Schal no thef nowther clothe ny fede. Theves he schal herberon never won, Ny hym that hath y-quellude a mon, Wy thylike that hath a febul name, Lest hyt wolde turne the craft to schame. Articulus octavus. The eghte artycul schewt zow so, That the mayster may hyt wel do, Zef that he have any mon of crafte, And be not also perfyt as he auzte, He may hym change sone anon, And take for hym a perfytur mon. Suche a mon, throze rechelaschepe, Myzth do the craft schert worschepe. Articulus nonus. The nynthe artycul schewet ful welle, That the mayster be both wyse and felle; That no werke he undurtake, But he conne bothe hyt ende and make; And that hyt be to the lordes profyt also, And to hys craft, whersever he go; And that the grond be wel y-take, That hyt nowther fle ny grake. Articulus decimus. The then the artycul ys for to knowe, Amonge the craft, to hye and lowe, There schal no mayster supplante other, But be togeder as systur and brother, Yn thys curyus craft, alle and som, That longuth to a maystur mason. Ny thys curyus craft, alle and som, That longuth to a maystur mason. Ny he schal not supplante non other mon, That hath y-take a werke hym uppon, Yn peyne therof that ys so stronge, That peyseth no lasse thenne ten ponge, But zef that he be gulty y-fonde, That toke furst the werke on honde; For no mon yn masonry Schal no supplante othur securly, But zef that hyt be so y-wrozth, That hyt turne the werke to nozth; Thenne may a mason that werk crave, To the lordes profzt hyt for to save; Yn suche a case but hyt do falle, Ther schal no mason medul withalle. Forsothe he that begynnth the gronde, And he be a mason goode and sonde, For hath hyt sycurly yn hys mynde To brynge the werke to ful good ende. Articulus undecimus. The eleventhe artycul y telle the, That he ys bothe fayr and fre; For he techyt, by hys myzth, That no mason schulde worche be nyzth, But zef hyt be yn practesynge of wytte, Zef that y cowthe amende hytte. Articulus duodecimus. The twelfthe artycul ys of hye honeste To zevery mason, whersever he be; He schal not hys felows werk deprave, Zef that he wol hys honeste save; With honest wordes he hyt comende, By the wytte that God the dede sende; Buy hyt amende by al that thou may, Bytwynne zow bothe withoute nay. Articulus xiijus. The threttene artycul, so God me save, Ys, zef that the mayster a prentes have, Enterlyche thenne that he hym teche, And meserable poyntes that he hym reche, That he the craft abelyche may conne, Whersever he go undur the sonne. Articulus xiiijus. The fowrtene artycul, by food reson, Schewete the mayster how he schal don; He schal no prentes to hym take, Byt dyvers crys he have to make, That he may, withynne hys terme, Of hym dyvers poyntes may lurne. Articulus quindecimus. The fyftene artcul maketh an ende, For to the maysterhe ys a frende; To lere hym so, that for no mon, No fals mantenans he take hym apon, Ny maynteine hys felows yn here synne, For no good that he myzth wynne; Ny no fals sware sofre hem to make, For drede of here sowles sake; Lest hyt wolde turne the craft to schame, And hymself to mechul blame. Plures Constituciones. At thys semble were poyntes y-ordeynt mo, Of grete lordys and maystrys also, That whose wol conne thys craft and com to astate, He most love wel God, and holy churche algate, And hys mayster also, that he ys wythe, Whersever he go, yn fylde or frythe; And thy felows thou love also, For that they craft wol that thou do. Secundus punctus. The secunde poynt, as y zow say, That the mason worche apon the werk day, Also trwly, as he con or may, To deserve hys huyre for the halyday, And trwly to labrun on hys dede, Wel deserve to have hys mede. Tercius punctus. The thrydde poynt most be severele, With the prentes knowe hyt wele, Hys mayster conwsel he kepe and close, And hys felows by hys goode purpose; The prevetyse of the chamber telle he no man, Ny yn the logge whatsever they done; Whatsever thou heryst, or syste hem do, Tells hyt no mon, whersever thou go; The conwesel of halls, and zeke of bowre, Kepe hyt wel to gret honowre, Lest hyt wolde torne thyself to blame, And brynge the craft ynto gret schame. Quartus punctus. The fowrthe poynt techyth us alse, That no mon to hys craft be false; Errour he schal maynteine none Azeynus the craft, but let hyt gone; Ny no pregedysse he schal not do To hys mayster, ny hys felows also; And thatzth the prentes be under awe, Zet he wolde have the same lawe. Quintus punctus. The fyfthe poynte ys, withoute nay, That whenne the mason taketh hys pay Of the mayster, y-ordent to hym, Ful mekely y-take so most hyt byn; Zet most the mayster, by good resone, Warne hem lawfully byfore none, Zef he nulle okepye hem no more, As he hath y-done ther byfore; Azeynus thys ordyr he may not stryve, Zef he thenke wel for to thryve. Sextus punctus. The syxte poynt ys ful zef to knowe, Bothe to hye and eke to lowe, For such case hyt myzth befalle, Am nge the masonus, summe or alle, Throwghe envye, or dedly hate, Ofte aryseth ful gret debate. Thenne owyth the mason, zef that he may, Putte hem bothe under a day; But loveday zet schul they make none; Tyl that the werke day be clene a-gone; Apon the holyday ze mowe wel take Leyser y-nowzgth loveday to make, Lest that hyt wolde the werke day Latte here werke for suche afray; To suche ende thenne that hem drawe, That they stonde wel yn Goddes lawe. Septimus punctus. The seventhe poynt he may wel mene, Of wel longe lyf that God us lene, As hyt dyscryeth wel opunly, Thou schal not by thy maysters wyf ly, Ny by the felows, yn no maner wyse, Lest the craft wolde the despyse; Ny by the felows concubyne, No more thou woldest he dede by thyne. The peyne thereof let hyt be ser, That he prentes ful seven zer, Zef he forfete yn eny of hem, So y-chasted thenne most he ben; Ful mekele care myzth ther begynne, For suche a fowle dedely synne. Octavus punctus. The eghte poynt, he may be sure, Zef thou hast y-taken any cure, Under thy mayster thou be trwe, For that pynt thou schalt never arewe; Atrwe medyater thou most nede be To thy mayster, and thy felows fre; Do trwly al....that thou myzth, To both partyes, and that ys good ryzth. Nonus punctus. The nynthe poynt we schul hym calle, That he be stwarde of oure halle, Zef that ze ben yn chambur y-fere, Uchon serve other, with mylde chere; Jentul felows, ze moste hyt knowe, For to be stwardus alle o rowe, Weke after weke withoute dowte, Stwardus to ben so alle abowte, Lovelyche to serven uchon othur, As thawgh they were syster and brother; Ther schal never won on other costage Fre hymself to no vantage, But every mon schal be lyche fre Yn that costage, so moste hyt be; Loke that thou pay wele every mon algate, That thou hsat y-bowzht any vytayles ate, That no cravynge be y-mad to the, Ny to thy felows, yn no degre, To mon or to wommon, whether he be, Pay hem wel and trwly, for that wol we; Therof on thy felow trwe record thou take, For that good pay as thou dost make, Lest hyt wolde thy felowe schame, Any brynge thyself ynto gret blame. Zet good acowntes he most make Of suche godes as he hath y-take, Of thy felows goodes that thou hast spende, Wher, and how, and to what ende; Suche acowntes thou most come to, Whenne thy felows wollen that thou do. Decimus punctus. The tenthe poynt presentyeth wel god lyf, To lyven withoute care and stryf; For and the mason lyve amysse, And yn hys werk be false, y-wysse, And thorwz suche a false skewysasyon May sclawndren hys felows oute reson, Throwz false sclawnder of suche fame May make the craft kachone blame. Zef he do the craft suche vylany, Do hym no favour thenne securly. Ny maynteine not hym yn wyked lyf, Lest hyt wolde turne to care and stryf; But zet hym ze schul not delayme, But that ze schullen hym constrayne, For to apere whersevor ze wylle, Whar that ze wolen, lowde, or stylle; To the nexte semble ze schul hym calle, To apere byfore hys felows alle, And but zef he wyl byfore hem pere, The crafte he moste nede forswere; He schal thenne be chasted after the lawe That was y-fownded by olde dawe. Punctus undecimus. The eleventhe poynt ys of good dyscrecyoun, As ze mowe knowe by good resoun; A mason, and he thys craft wel con, That syzth hys felow hewen on a ston, Amende hyt sone, zef that thou con, And teche hym thenne hyt to amende, That the lordys werke be not y-schende, And teche hym esely hyt to amende, With fayre wordes, that God the hath lende; For hys sake that sytte above, With swete wordes noresche hym love. Punctus duodecimus. The twelthe poynt of gret ryolte, Ther as the semble y-hole schal be, Ther schul be maystrys and felows also, And other grete lordes mony mo; There schal be the scheref of that contre, And also the meyr of that syte, Knyztes and ther schul be, And other aldermen, as ze schul se; Suche ordynance as they maken there, They schul maynte hyt hol y-fere Azeynus that mon, whatsever he be, That longuth to the craft bothe fayr and free. Zef he any stryf azeynus hem make, Ynto here warde he schal be take. Xiijus punctus. The threnteth poynt ys to us ful luf. He schal swere never to be no thef, Ny soker hym yn hys fals craft, For no good that he hath byraft, And thou mowe hyt knowe or syn, Nowther for hys good, ny for hys kyn. Xiijus punctus. The fowrtethe poynt ys ful good lawe To hym that wold ben under awe; A good trwe othe he most ther swere To hys mayster and hys felows that ben there; He most be stedefast and trwe also To alle thys ordynance, whersever he go, And to hys lyge lord the kynge, To be trwe to hym, over alle thynge. And alle these poyntes hyr before To hem thou most nede by y-swore, And alle schul swere the same ogth Of the masonus, be they luf, ben they loght, To alle these poyntes hyr byfore, That hath ben ordeynt by ful good lore. And they schul enquere every mon On his party, as wyl as he con, Zef any mon mowe be y-fownde gulty Yn any of these poyntes spesyaly; And whad he be, let hym be sowzht, And to the semble let hym be browzht. Quindecimus punctus. The fifethe poynt ys of ful good lore, For hem that schul ben ther y-swore, Suche ordyance at the semble wes layd Of grete lordes and maystres byforesayd; For thelke that be unbuxom, y-wysse, Azeynus the ordynance that ther ysse Of these artyculus, that were y-meved there, Of grete lordes and masonus al y-fere. And zef they ben y-preved opunly Byfore that semble, by an by, And for here gultes no mendys wol make, Thenne most they nede the craft they schul refuse, And swere hyt never more for to use. But zef that they wol mendys make, Azayn to the craft they schul never take; And zef that they nul not do so, The scheref schal come hem sone to, And putte here dodyes yn duppe prison, For the trespasse that they hav y-don, And take here goodes and here cattelle Ynto the kynges hond, everyt delle, And lete hem dwelle ther full stylle, Tyl hyt be oure lege kynges wylle. Alia ordinacio artis gematriae. They ordent ther a semble to be y-holde Every zer, whersever they wolde, To amende the defautes, zef any where fonde Amonge the craft withynne the londe; Uche zer or thrydde zer hyt schuld be holde, Yn every place whersever they wolde; Tyme and place most be ordeynt also, Yn what place they schul semble to. Alle the men of craft thr they most ben, And other grete lordes, as ze mowe sen, To mende the fautes that buth ther y-spoke, Zef that eny of hem ben thenne y-broke. Ther they schullen ben alle y-swore, That longuth to thys craftes lore, To kepe these statutes everychon, That ben y-ordeynt by kynge Aldelston; These statutes that y have hyr y-fonde Y chulle they ben holde throzh my londe, For the worsche of my rygolte, That y have by my dygnyte. Also at every semble that ze holde, That ze come to zowre lyge kyng bolde, Bysechynge hym of hys hye grace, To stone with zow yn every place, To conferme the statutes of kynge Adelston, That he ordeydnt to thys craft by good reson, Ars quatuor coronatorum. Pray we now to God almyzht, And to hys moder Mary bryzht, That we mowe keepe these artyculus here, And these poynts wel al y-fere, As dede these holy martyres fowre, That yn thys craft were of gret honoure; They were as gode masonus as on erthe schul go, Gravers and ymage-makers they were also. For they were werkemen of the beste, The emperour hade to hem gret luste; He wylned of hem a ymage to make, That mowzh be worscheped for his sake; Susch mawmetys he hade yn hys dawe, To turne the pepul from Crystus lawe. But they were stedefast yn Crystes lay, And to here craft, withouten nay; They loved wel God and alle hys lore, And weren yn hys serves ever more. Trwe men they were yn that dawe, And lyved wel y Goddus lawe; They thozght no mawmetys for to make, For no good that they myzth take, To levyn on that mawmetys for here God, They nolde do so thawz he were wod; For they nolde not forsake here trw fay, An beyleve on hys falsse lay. The emperour let take hem sone anone, And putte hem ynto a dep presone; The sarre he penest hem yn that plase, The more yoye wes to hem of Cristus grace. Thenne when he sye no nother won, To dethe he lette hem thenne gon; By the bok he may kyt schowe, In the legent of scanctorum, The name of quatour coronatorum. Here fest wol be, withoute nay, After Alle Halwen the eyght day. Ze mow here as y do rede, That mony zeres after, for gret drede That Noees flod wes alle y-ronne, The tower of Babyloyne was begonne, Also playne werke of lyme and ston, As any mon schulde loke uppon; So long and brod hyt was begonne, Seven myle the hezghte schadweth the sonne. King Nabogodonosor let hyt make, To gret strenthe for monus sake, Thazgh suche a flod azayne schulde come, Over the werke hyt schulde not nome; For they hadde so hy pride, with stronge bost, Alle that werke therfore was y-lost; An angele smot hem so with dyveres speche, That never won wyste what other schuld reche. Mony eres after, the goode clerk Euclyde Tazghte the craft of gemetre wonder wyde, So he ded that tyme other also, Of dyvers craftes mony mo. Throzgh hye grace of Crist yn heven, He commensed yn the syens seven; Gramatica ys the furste syens y-wysse, Dialetica the secunde, so have y blysse, Rethorica the thrydde, withoute nay, Musica ys the fowrth, as y zow say, Astromia ys the V, by my snowte, Arsmetica the Vi, withoute dowte Gemetria the seventhe maketh an ende, For he ys bothe make and hende, Gramer forsothe ys the rote, Whose wyl lurne on the boke; But art passeth yn hys degre, As the fryte doth the rote of the tre; Rethoryk metryth with orne speche amonge, And musyke hyt ys a swete song; Astronomy nombreth, my dere brother, Arsmetyk scheweth won thyng that ys another, Gemetre the seventh syens hyt ysse, That con deperte falshed from trewthe ywys. These bene the syens seven, Whose useth hem wel, he may han heven. Now dere chyldren, by zowre wytte, Pride and covetyse that ze leven, hytte, And taketh hede to goode dyscrecyon, And to good norter, whersever ze com. Now y pray zow take good hede, For thys ze most kenne nede, But much more ze moste wyten, Thenne ze fynden hyr y-wryten. Zef the fayle therto wytte, Pray to God to send the hytte; For Crist hymself, he techet ous That holy churche ys Goddes hous, That ys y-mad for nothynge ellus but for to pray yn, as the bok tellus; Ther the pepul schal gedur ynne, To pray and wepe for here synne. Loke thou come not to churche late, For to speke harlotrey by the gate; Thenne to churche when thou dost fare, Have yn thy mynde ever mare To worschepe thy lord God bothe day and nyzth, With all thy wyttes, and eke thy myzth. To the churche dore when tou dost come, Of that holy water ther sum thow nome, For every drope thou felust ther Qwenchet a venyal synne, be thou ser. But furst thou most do down thy hode, For hyse love that dyed on the rode. Into the churche when thou dost gon, Pulle uppe thy herte to Crist, anon; Uppon the rode thou loke uppe then, And knele down fayre on bothe thy knen; Then pray to hym so hyr to worche, After the lawe of holy churche, For to kepe the comandementes ten, That God zaf to alle men; And pray to hym with mylde steven To kepe the from the synnes seven, That thou hyr mowe, yn thy lyve, Kepe the wel from care and stryve, Forthermore he grante the grace, In heven blysse to hav a place. In holy churche lef nyse wordes Of lewed speche, and fowle bordes, And putte away alle vanyte, And say thy pater noster and thyn ave; Loke also thou make no bere, But ay to be yn thy prayere; Zef thou wolt not thyselve pray, Latte non other mon by no way. In that place nowther sytte ny stonde, But knele fayre down on the gronde, And, when the Gospel me rede schal, Fayre thou stonde up fro the wal, And blesse the fayre, zef that thou conne, When gloria tibi is begonne; And when the gospel ys y-done, Azayn thou myzth knele adown; On bothe thy knen down thou falle, For hyse love that bowzht us alle; And when thou herest the belle rynge To that holy sakerynge, Knele ze most, bothe zynge and olde, And bothe zor hondes fayr upholde, And say thenne yn thys manere, Fayr and softe, withoute bere; "Jhesu Lord, welcom thou be, Yn forme of bred, as y the se. Now Jhesu, for thyn holy name, Schulde me from synne and schame, Schryff and hosel thou grant me bo, Zer that y schal hennus go, And vey contrycyon of my synne, Tath y never, Lord, dye therynne; And, as thou were of a mayde y-bore, Sofre me never to be y-lore; But when y schal hennus wende, Grante me the blysse withoute ende; Amen! amen! so mot hyt be! Now, swete lady, pray for me." Thus thou myzht say, or sum other thynge, When thou knelust at the sakerynge. For covetyse after good, spare thou nought To worschepe hym that alle hath wrought; For glad may a mon that day ben, That onus yn the day may hym sen; Hyt ys so muche worthe, withoute nay, The vertu therof no mon telle may; But so meche good doth that syht, As seynt Austyn telluth ful ryht, That day thou syst Goddus body, Thou schalt have these, ful securly;- Mete and drynke at thy nede, Non that day schal the gnede; Ydul othes, an wordes bo, God forzeveth the also; Soden deth, that ylke day, The dar not drede by no way; Also that day, y the plyht, Thou schalt not lese thy eye syht; And uche fote that thou gost then, That holy syht for to sen, They schul be told to stonde yn stede, When thou hast therto gret nede; That messongere, the angele Gabryelle, Wol kepe hem to the ful welle. From thys mater now y may passe, To telle mo medys of the masse: To churche come zet, zef thou may, And here thy masse uche day; Zef thou mowe not come to churche, Wher that ever thou doste worche, When thou herest to masse knylle, Pray to God with herte stylle, To zeve the part of that servyse, That yn churche ther don yse. Forthermore zet, y wol zow preche To zowre felows, hyt for to teche, When thou comest byfore a lorde, Yn halle, yn bowre, or at the borde, Hod or cappe that thou of do, Zer thou come hym allynge to; Twyes or thryes, without dowte, To that lord thou moste lowte; With thy ryzth kne let hyt be do, Thynowne worschepe tou save so. Holde of thy cappe, and hod also, Tyl thou have leve hyt on to do. Al the whyle thou spekest with hym, Fayre and lovelyche bere up thy chyn; So, after the norter of the boke, Yn hys face lovely thou loke. Fot and hond, thou kepe ful stylle From clawynge and trypynge, ys sckylle; From spyttynge and snyftynge kepe the also, By privy avoydans let hyt go. And zef that thou be wyse and felle, Thou hast gret nede to governe the welle. Ynto the halle when thou dost wende, Amonges the genteles, good and hende, Presume not to hye for nothynge, For thyn hye blod, ny thy connynge, Nowther to sytte, ny to lene, That ys norther good and clene. Let not thy cowntenans therfore abate, Forsothe, good norter wol save thy state. Fader and moder, whatsever they be, Wel ys the chyld that wel may the , Yn halle, yn chamber, wher thou dost gon; Gode maners maken a mon. To the nexte degre loke wysly, To do hem reverans by and by; Do hem zet no reverans al o-rowe, But zef that thou do hem know. To the mete when thou art y-sette, Fayre and onestelyche thou ete hytte; Fyrst loke that thyn honden be clene, And that thy knyf be scharpe and kene; And kette thy bed al at thy mete, Ryzth as hyt may be ther y-ete. Zef thou sytte by a worththyur mon. Then thy selven thou art won, Sofre hym fyrst to toyche the mete, Zer thyself to hyt reche. To the fayrest mossel thou myzht not strike, Thaght that thou do hyt wel lyke; Kepe thyn hondes, fayr and wel, From fowle smogynge of thy towel; Theron thou schalt not thy nese snyte, Ny at the mete thy tothe thou pyke; To depe yn the coppe thou myzght not synke, Thagh thou have good wyl to drynke, Lest thyn enyn wolde wattryn therbyThen were hyt no curtesy Loke yn thy mowth ther be no mete, When thou begynnyst to drynke or speke. When thou syst any mon drynkiynge, That taketh hed to thy carpynge, Sone anonn thou sese thy tale, Whether he drynke wyn other ale. Loke also thou scorne no mon, Yn what degre thou syst hym gon; Ny thou schalt no mon deprave, Zef thou wolt thy worschepe save; For suche worde myzht ther outberste, That myzht make the sytte yn evel reste, Close thy honde yn thy fyste, And kepe the wel from "had-y-wyste." Yn chamber amonge the ladyes bryght, Holde thy tonge and spende thy syght; Lawze thou not with no gret cry, Ny make no ragynge with rybody. Play thou not buyt with thy peres, Ny tel thou not al that thou heres; Dyskever thou not thyn owne dede, For no merthe, ny for no mede; With fayr speceh thou myght have thy wylle, With hyt thou myght thy selven spylle. When thou metyst a worthy mon, Cappe and hod thou holle no on; Yn churche, yn chepyns, or yn gate, Do hym reverans after hys state. Zef thou gost with a worthyor mon, Then thyselven thou art won, Let thy forther schulder sewe backe, For that ys norter withoute lacke; When he doth speke, holte the stylle, When he hath don, sey for thy wylle, Yn thy speche that thou be felle, And what thou sayst avyse the welle; But byref thou no hym hys tale, Nowther at the wyn, ny at the ale. Cryst then of hys hye grace, Zeve zow bothe wytte and space, Wel thys boke to conne and rede, Heven to have for zowre mede. Amen! amen! so mot hyt be! Say we so alle per charyte.

This is a 15-minute exploration into the enigmatic events of the Pentagon attack on 9/11. Utilizing all the available footage, the video peels back the layers of mainstream narratives and presents an unfiltered examination of the event, challenging the viewer to question the realities of that fateful day. This audacious exploration transcends the often one-sided and patriarchal narratives that have come to define our understanding of 9/11. It confronts the structures of power that were in place at the time, including the administration led by President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and Attorney General John Ashcroft. Throughout the video, viewers are taken on a gripping journey, revisiting the Pentagon attack from various angles and perspectives. The enduring question - was it a missile or a plane that hit the Pentagon? - is rehashed but deliberately left unanswered, encouraging viewers to critically analyze the evidence and form their own conclusions. The video concludes without offering a definitive answer to the missile or plane debate, symbolizing the enduring mystery and controversy that surrounds 9/11. It serves as an invitation to viewers to engage in a critical dialogue about the past and to seek the truth.

I have not edited the audio files at all; I simply put them into the program, remastered them, and then turned up the volume just a little so you could hear it better. William Cooper was raised in an Air Force family and has lived all over the world, graduating from Yamato High School in Japan. William served with the Strategic Air Command in the United States Air Force. He held a secret clearance while working on B-52 bombers, KC-135 refueling aircraft, and Minuteman missiles. He received an honorable discharge in 1965. Fulfilling a dream previously frustrated by chronic sickness, he joined the Navy. William served aboard the submarine USS Tiru (SS-416) and in the surface navy aboard the USS Tombigbee (AOG-11), USS Charles Berry (DE-1035), and USS Oriskany (CVA-34). He was a member of the Office of Naval Intelligence, serving as a Harbor and River Patrol Boat Captain at Da Nang and the Dong Ha River Security Group, Cua Viet, in the Republic of Vietnam. Cooper earned several medals for his leadership and heroism during combat, including two with "V" for Valor. He served on the Intelligence Briefing Team for the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Fleet. He was designated a SPECAT Operator in the CINCPACFLT Command Center and held a Top Secret Q, SI clearance, achieving the rank of First-Class Petty Officer, QM1 (E-6), after only eight years of Naval service. He received an honorable discharge in 1975. William Cooper earned an Associate of Science degree in photography from Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. He founded the Absolute Image Studio and Gallery of Fine Art Photography. William held the position of Executive Director of Adelphi Business College, Pacific Coast Technical Institute, and National Technical College. Mr. Cooper was the National Marketing Coordinator for National Education and Software. He produced several documents covering subjects such as the Kennedy assassination and secret black projects that have built flying disk-shaped craft. He is an internationally acclaimed radio personality, broadcasting "The Hour of the Time" on short-wave WBCQ 7.415 MHz, Monday through Thursday nights, 6:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. MTN time, and 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. Eastern time. William Cooper has been named by President Bill Clinton "as the most dangerous radio host in America" in a White House memo, which was read on the air by Rush Limbaugh. William Cooper founded the Citizens Agency for Joint Intelligence (CAJI). He is the author of "Behold A Pale Horse," the blockbuster underground bestseller three years in a row. He is a world-class lecturer, one of the few other than superstars, monarchs, and popes who have appeared at Wembley in London. He lives in Arizona with his wife and daughters. William is devoted to God, country, and family in that order. He keeps busy researching, writing a second book, producing "The Hour of the Time," and spending time with his family. William Cooper believes in truth, stating, "Information, not money, is the power of the nineties." His dream is to wake the sheeple, empower the people, and preserve freedom. Bill is a lucid, rational, and powerful speaker whose intent is to inform and empower his audience. Standing room only is normal. His presentation and information transcend partisan affiliations as he clearly addresses issues in a way that has a striking impact on listeners of all backgrounds and interests. He has spoken to many groups throughout the United States and has appeared regularly on many radio talk shows and on television. In 1988, Bill decided to "talk" due to events taking place worldwide, events that he had seen plans for back in the early 1970s. Bill correctly predicted the lowering of the Iron Curtain, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the invasion of Panama, and even 9/11. All of Bill's predictions were on record well before the events occurred. Bill is not a psychic; his information comes from Top Secret documents that he read while with the Intelligence Briefing Team and from over 17 years of thorough research. "Like it or not, everything is changing. The result will be the most wonderful experience in the history of man or the most horrible enslavement that you can imagine. Be active or abdicate; the future is in your hands." -- William Cooper, October 24, 1989. “Listen to everyone, read everything, believe nothing until you, yourself, can prove it with your own research.” ~ Bill Cooper RIP BILL COOPER (5/6/43-11/5/2001) Relevant links: William Cooper Collection: https://archive.org/details/WilliamCooperCollection21918 Behold A Pale Horse: https://archive.org/details/beholdpalehorse0000coop Full William Cooper Interview on Alex Jones Show circa 1998: https://rumble.com/v1wzgbk-alex-jones-show-william-cooper-interview-circa1998-subtitles.html "Bill Cooper Was an Alcoholic" - Alex Jones: https://rumble.com/v1vydjy-bill-cooper-was-an-alcoholic-alex-jones.html Bill Cooper & Alex Jones Y2K: Lies & Motives: https://rumble.com/v1vuky8-bill-cooper-and-alex-jones-y2k-lies-and-motives.html The Bohemian Grove: Who Invited Alex Jones? https://rumble.com/v1vzana-the-bohemian-grove-who-invited-alex-jones.html Alex Jones vs Peaceful Protesters: https://archive.org/details/alex-jones-vs-protesters Alex Jones Liar: https://rumble.com/v1x17lq-william-cooper-hott-alex-jones-liar-9.26.2001.html The Treason Documents: https://archive.org/details/106417338thetreasondocuments Painted Black: The Chilling True Story of the Wave of Violence Sweeping Through Our Hometowns: https://archive.org/details/paintedblackfrom0000rasc The Satanic Screen: An Illustrated Guide to the Devil in Cinema: https://archive.org/details/satanicscreenill0000schr The Manson File: https://archive.org/details/schreck-nikolas-the-manson-file_202012 From PSYOP to MindWar: The Psychology of Victory by Colonel Paul E. Valley & Major Michael A. Aquino: https://archive.org/details/pdfy-Mv-q4qGq8_TBPcwL