FluorideAlert

One of the little known facts about this practice is that the United States, which fluoridates over 70% of its water supplies, has more people drinking fluoridated water than the rest of the world combined. Most developed nations, including all of Japan and 97% of western Europe, do not fluoridate their water. * originally published in 2012

Unlike all other water treatment processes, fluoridation does not treat the water itself, but the person consuming it. The Food & Drug Administration accepts that fluoride is a drug, not a nutrient, when used to prevent disease. By definition, therefore, fluoridating water is a form of mass medication. This is why most western European nations have rejected the practice — because, in their view, adding a drug to everyone's water supply violates the basic medical tenet that each individual has a right to "informed consent." * originally published in 2012

When people think of fluoride being prescribed for medicinal purposes, they generally think of fluoride supplementation to reduce tooth decay. Fluoride, however, has also been prescribed as a drug to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland. Up through the 1950s, doctors in Europe and South America prescribed fluoride to reduce thyroid function in patients with over-active thyroids (hyperthyroidism). (Merck Index 1968). Doctors selected fluoride as a thyroid suppressant based on findings linking fluoride to goitre, and, as predicted, fluoride therapy did reduce thyroid activity in the treated patients. (McClaren 1969; Galletti 1958; May 1937). Moreover, according to clinical research, the fluoride dose capable of reducing thyroid function was notably low -- just 2 to 5 mg per day over several months. (Galletti & Joyet 1958). This dose is well within the range (1.6 to 6.6 mg/day) of what individuals living in fluoridated communities are now estimated to receive on a regular basis. (DHHS 1991). * originally published in 2012

Current evidence strongly indicates that some people diagnosed with "arthritis" are in fact suffering from low-grade fluoride poisoning. Joint pain and stiffness are well known symptoms of excessive fluoride intake. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, too much fluoride causes "chronic joint pain" and "arthritic symptoms." (DHHS 1991). U.S. health authorities have long dismissed the relevance of this by insisting that fluoride only causes arthritic symptoms in patients with advanced forms of skeletal fluorosis, a bone disease caused by fluoride. Modern research clearly shows, however, that fluoride-induced joint pains can occur in the absence of obvious skeletal fluorosis. This makes fluoride's effects on joints extremely difficult to differentiate from common forms of arthritis. In cases where fluoride is the cause of a person's arthritic problems, reduction in daily fluoride intake for a period of several weeks or months can eliminate the symptoms in the absence of medical treatment. Correct diagnosis is thus critical to effective recovery. * originally published in 2012

When fluoride was first added to water in the 1940s as a means of preventing tooth decay, not a single dental product contained fluoride: no fluoride toothpastes, no fluoride mouthrinses, no fluoride varnishes, and no fluoride gels. In the past 60 years, as one fluoride product after another entered the market, exposure to fluoride increased considerably, particularly among children. Exposure from other sources has increased as well. Other sources include processed foods made with fluoridated water, fluoride-containing pesticides, bottled teas, fluorinated pharmaceuticals, teflon pans, and mechanically deboned chicken. Taken together, the glut of fluoride sources in the modern diet has created a toxic cocktail, one that has caused a dramatic increase in dental fluorosis (a tooth defect caused by excess fluoride intake) over the past 60 years. The problem with fluoride, therefore, is not that children are receiving too little, but that they are receiving too much. * originally published in 2012

The political pro-fluoridation stance has evolved into a dogmatic, authoritarian, essentially antiscientific posture, one that discourages open debate of scientific issues." - Dr. Edward Groth, Senior Scientist, Consumers Union, 1991. * originally published in 2012

Attorney Michael Connett summarizes 10 basic facts about fluoride that should be considered in any discussion about whether to fluoridate water. To download the flyer that accompanies this video, visit: https://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/10facts.pdf * originally published in 2013

This short video presents four inconvenient facts about the purported miraculous benefits of water fluoridation. Fact 1: If fluoridated water has a benefit, it is a topical one (there is no need to actually swallow it). Fact 2: Despite 60+ years of research, there is not a single randomized controlled trial, let alone a blinded study, demonstrating fluoridation's benefits. Fact 3: The largest national surveys of dental health in the U.S., Australia and New Zealand have found no significant difference in tooth decay (as measured by DMFT) between children living their whole lives in fluoridated vs. non-fluoridated areas. Fact 4: Comprehensive data from the World Health Organization shows that western countries with no water fluoridation programs have experienced the same reduction in tooth decay over the past 40 years as countries with mass fluoridation programs such as the United States. * originally published in 2012

John Colquhoun, BDS, PhD 1924 - 1999 A dentist and historian, John Coquhoun lived in Auckland, New Zealand while pursuing a career as a researcher, dental practitioner and public health official. He graduated from the University of Otago in New Zealand in 1948 with a Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree and received his diploma for education in Sydney. After 7 years service in the national School of Dental Service, as a teacher and administrator, he entered private practice. In 1971, he became Principal Dental Officer for the Auckland Health District. During this period he carried out research in both dentistry and Auckland social history. Until 1980, Colquhoun was a keen advocate of water fluoridation. In that year, he was sent on a world study tour by the New Zealand Department of Health for the purpose of investigating recent research into fluoridation. Upon his return he was appointed to the post of Chairman of the Fluoridation Promotion Committee of the New Zealand Dental Health Foundation. After returning from his study tour, Dr. Colquhoun reported the new discovery (for 1980) that dental decay was declining in "western" counties, with or without fluoridation, and that the differences between decay rates in fluoridated versus non-fluoridated locations were much less than had been claimed would occur. Nonetheless, like many of his professional colleagues of the day, Colquhoun was very reluctant to admit that fluoridation was a failure. He advocated, and his superiors agreed to a new approach based on the belief that fluoridation still provided a marginal benefit. Colquhoun felt he was reinforced in that belief by his superiors' claim that new statistics, collected for all New Zealand School Dental Service patients (98% of the childhood population) revealed such a benefit. He was shocked to discover, when the statistics were sent to him, that they revealed no such benefit. In fact, in most Health Districts the percentage of children who were "caries-free" was higher in the non-fluoridated areas of New Zealand. Colquhoun disagreed sharply with his superiors' action in circulating a document, "overview of fluoridation statistics," which omitted the Health District statistical information on fluoride and "disgracefully doctored" the remaining statistics, claiming that a marginal benefit existed. When, in addition, he discovered that dental fluorosis prevalence (a sign of fluoride toxicity) was much higher than expected in fluoridated areas, Colquhoun publicly changed his stance on fluoridation in 1983. Dr. Colquhoun continued his research, which contributed to the earning of a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1987, and was appointed to the post-doctoral position of Honorary Research Fellow of the University of Auckland. In 1992 he became editor of the Journal of the International Society for Fluoride Research (Fluoride), a position which provided a good overview of fluoride research in different academic disciplines. Dr. Colquhoun passed away peacefully in his home on March 23rd, 1999 at the age of 75, remaining intellectually active almost until his final moments.

On June 29th, 2000, Dr. William Hirzy was invited to give testimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water on behalf of the National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU) Chapter 280 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Headquarters. At the time, Dr. Hirzy was serving his sixth term as the Senior Vice-President of the Union. His presentation that day was, "Why EPA's Union of Professionals Opposes Fluoridation." This is a video that documents the presentation along with interviews with Dr. Hirzy where he describes the reasoning behind the professional and official stance of his Union members in direct opposition to the EPA's administrative support of fluoridation. The content of this presentation is a real eye opener. It and other papers of concern from the Union can be viewed in text form at: http://www.nteu280.org/Issues/Fluorid... Dr. William Hirzy is a chemist in residence and adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry at the American University in Washington, D.C.. He holds a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Missouri. Dr. Hirzy has served as the Senior Scientist for Risk Assessment for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency from 1981 to 2004 where he authored, "Principles of Scientific Integrity," adopted as EPA's code of professional ethics, November, 1999. He has published numerous papers on fluoride, fluoridation, and many other toxicological profiles of chemicals in the environment. He has also served as the President and Senior Vice-President of the NTEU Chapter 280 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Headquarters in Washington, D.C. His professional experience includes: 1981-2004 Senior Scientist (Risk Assessment), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2003-2004 Chemist-In-Residence & Adjunct Professor, American University 1995-2002 Adjunct Professor of Chemistry, American University 1984-2004 Officer (V.P., Sr. V.P., President) EPA HQ Professionals' Union 1963-1981 Adjunct Instructor/Assistant Professor of Chemistry, St. Louis Community College and University of Missouri-St. Louis 1962-1981 Research & environmental management chemist, Monsanto Co. His awards include: 1998, 1987,1983 EPA Silver and Bronze Medals, Cash Awards 1962 Sigma Xi 1958 Woodrow Wilson Fellow 1958 Phi Beta Kappa * originally published in 2011

An eye opening documentary originally broadcast on Channel 4 in Great Britain on June 19th, 1997 covering health concerns about fluoride and water fluoridation. (Only 10% of Britain's population is fluoridated). The program is hosted by Shahnaz Pakraven, former presenter for Channel 4 and the Health Alert series, and anchor and reporter for Tomorrow's World. Pakraven has also hosted for Arab World Direct and the Daily Breakfast programs. Before becoming a television presenter, Ms. Pakraven had spent over a decade as a motion picture actress. Dr. Paul Connett, who at the time taught environmental chemistry at St. Lawrence University, gives information concerning fluoride's health hazards and the controversy surrounding its use in water fluoridation. Connett is now the Executive Director of the Fluoride Action Network. Dr. Andrew Thomas, a consultant Surgeon describes medical problems that are observed in the British health system among older patients that may originate from excessive fluoride exposure. Dr. Michael Lennon is a Professor of Preventive Dentistry at the University of Liverpool and Chairman of the British Fluoridation Society. Dr. Lennon continues to lobby for increasing fluoridation all across the nation of Great Britain. He describes the reasons he and the BFS continue to strongly promote fluoridation. Dr. Phillis Mullenix describes her research at the Forsyth Dental Institute at Harvard University. Mullenix was dismissed from her position after discovering and publishing the fact that fluoride causes clearly observable neurological damage in rats. Her research suggested there may be alarming levels of adverse health effects caused by fluoride exposure in human beings. We also meet the developer of fluoride (MFP) in toothpaste, Dr. John Hein, and learn some interesting history about how energetic advertising helped to popularize its widespread use by the public. Dr. Hein, is now the retired Dental Director of Colgate Corporation, which continues to manufacture and sell fluoride toothpaste worldwide. Dr. Peter Mansfield of the National Pure Water Association weighs in on the topic of fluoride exposure. And, we witness the Quail family's encounter with their daughter's case of dental fluorosis and its irreversible consequences. This program is presented as an open broadcast under fair use as an example of the controversy over fluoride that continues to this day in Great Britain.

Crippling Waters by Dr. David Kennedy Warning: The images in this video are quite graphic, and may be disturbing to some of our viewers. Presented in its entirety, in this hard hitting documentary, producer and professional dentist, Dr. David Kennedy, travels to China with his wife Betty at the invitation of the Shenyang Medical School, and visits villages where skeletal and dental fluorosis have ravaged whole village populations. Local water supplies have been discovered to contain significant levels of natural fluoride contaminant, some as high as the legal limit allowed in the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency. Fluorosis is also observed in large areas where hydrogen fluoride is emitted into the air from coal burning electrical plants and when crops such as corn are dehydrated over a hibachi. However the injuries depicted in this documentary are entirely from natural fluoride in drinking water. The Chinese researchers had noted that in high fluoride areas the economy was distressed and that most adults developed skeletal fluorosis by the age of 40. Farm animals were also observed with reduced fertility and productivity. Villagers were unable to efficiently farm and provide for their families. Adults became a burden to the next generation and poverty was rampant. Though fluoride damage is generally permanent in the human body, in this video we see the results of the de-fluoridation program conducted in several of those areas that were affected. Pain among the fluoride crippled was dramatically reduced, and dental fluorosis in children was reduced as well. In 1976, G. Hongxin, with the Chinese Department of Endemic Disease Control and G. Dai, with researchers from the China Medical University, Shenyang, reviewed the history of chronic endemic fluorosis and extensive crippling skeletal fluorosis in China. They identified fluoride from well water as the most probable cause of the extensive tooth, bone, and joint damage, in the residents of over 1026 counties in 28 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities and began a systematic program of water de-fluoridation. Simply reducing the fluoride levels in drinking water to 0.5-1.0 ppm resulted in an overall improvement in health. However, 37.8% of resident children had still developed visible dental fluorosis with some severe mottling of the teeth while consuming water in the villages with 1 part per million residual fluoride in drinking water. Fluorosis is a permanent scaring of the tooth enamel that cannot be reversed. Adult villagers with stage 3 and 4 skeletal fluorosis reported a significant reduction in pain and increased mobility after de-fluoridation had been instituted. Though improved, their condition could not be reversed. The CDEDC estimated that 25 million Chinese people suffered from dental fluorosis and 1.25 million from skeletal fluorosis caused by excess fluoride in their drinking water alone. FAN has also recently reported on multiple Chinese studies that have pointed toward reduced IQ among children in villages whose fluoride levels were elevated. Studies in other countries are beginning to strongly and statistically confirm the Chinese research. The producer of this video, David C. Kennedy, DDS, has practiced dentistry for more than 30 years. He is the Past President of the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology, which was formed to review, support, and disseminate research on the suitability of materials and methodologies used in the practice of dentistry. Dr. Kennedy is currently the Information Officer on fluoride for the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology. He has lectured to dentists, physicians and other health professionals all over the world on the subjects of preventive dental health, mercury toxicity, and fluoride. He is the author of the book, "How To Save Your Teeth With Toxic Free Preventive Dentistry," that provides instruction and insight for both professionals and the layman on how to provide and receive toxic-free dentistry. This acclaimed video has been viewed all over the world, both in Europe and in Asia. Dr. Kennedy has written and produced videos extensively on the toxicology of dental materials and practices, including fluoride and mercury amalgams. Now retired, he has been the past president of the International Academy of Oral Medicine, and remains a consultant and dental expert. He continues to work closely with the IAOMT. http://www.iaomt.org/ Our thanks to Dr. Kennedy for making "Crippling Waters" available to the world. * originally published in 2011

The announcements in 2006 by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Dental Association which warn parents against the use of fluoridated tap water for the reconstitution of infant formula does not seem to take into account that the baby does not have teeth until about six months from birth. These are only temporary teeth, and the adult teeth appear about seven years from birth. The assumption here is that less fluoride in the diet during the first six months will help prevent fluorosis. However, fluoride is found in many different food and drink sources, mouthwash and toothpaste that kids encounter all during those years. Fluoride is an accumulative toxin that lodges in the teeth and bones of the body and apparently certain organs of the body as well. Fluorosis may only be the tip end of the problem while young teeth are forming. The announcement does not take into account emerging research indicating that fluoride has an adverse effect on cellular development in internal organs at very low levels. So, more than just the teeth are being affected by the ingestion of fluoride. More serious and unbiased research is badly needed concerning this internal cellular damage. Also consider that babies ingest much more liquid for their body mass than do adults. And, because of this, the amount or dosage of fluoride received each day is much higher for children when compared to that of a fully grown adult. This is the period of rapid growth, and the period of most concern for healthy development into adulthood. Exposure to toxins during this developmental stage may result in permanent damage that follows the individual into his/her adult years. Essentially, babies and young children ingest much more fluoride than the safe levels approved by the CDC and ADA. And, because much of what they drink and eat is processed from fluoridated water, children receive much more fluoride per day than the officially recommended levels. In fact, even at the recently amended level of drinking water fluoridation, mother's milk, the best indicator of what nutrients are best for childhood development, contains 175 times less fluoride than tap water. The level of fluoridation recommended prior to the January 7th announcement by Health and Human Services was .7 to 1.2 parts per million, and was based upon the theoretical amount of water ingested by an individual for a particular region's weather or ambient temperature. It did not account for the wide range of ingestion amounts according to an individual's daily needs. For instance, a road worker in 95 degree sun is going to drink much more water than a computer worker who stays indoors at 72 degrees all day. The road worker would therefore ingest much more fluoride than would the computer worker, and would therefore be expected to see much more serious problems from long term exposure to the toxin. In a surprise announcement, Health and Human Services publicly stated on January 7th, 2011 that their new recommendation for fluoride in drinking water would be a flat .7 parts per million. They stated that Americans were getting too much of a good thing, and that this level had been determined to help prevent fluorosis in young children. Statistically, the CDC now records florosis across the country at over 40 percent of children. Those are epidemic numbers and a staggering number of individuals who have no further choice in the matter. Those who are bothered by their tooth streaks, pits and brown stains when they smile must pay for expensive dental work to correct fluoride's damage. And, some who have sustained moderate to severe fluorosis may end up losing some teeth. Health and Human Services would not admit that a simple adjustment of this amount would do little to protect children from fluorosis when there are so many other sources of the substance in our foods, drinks, mouthwash and toothpaste. Of course, the Fluoride Action Network continues to recommend a fluoride level of ZERO for all drinking water. We feel this is the only level of fluoride that will guarantee no damage to anyone in a population from fluoride's adverse health effects. * originally published in 2011

Consumer advocate, Ralph Nader, discusses his long held thoughts and opinions on water fluoridation. Nader has made his public opinions against fluoridation available to the public for over four decades. American progressive, political activist and five-time candidate for President of the United States, Ralph Nader is also an author, lecturer and attorney. He is a graduate of Princeton and Harvard Universities and has served as faculty at the American University Washington College of Law. Nader came into prominence after the publication of his book, "Unsafe at Any Speed," published in 1965 - a description of the safety record of the Chevrolet Corvair automobile, which had been widely known as one of the most dangerous cars on the road during that era. His activism in multiple areas of public safety and universal rights has earned him a reputation as being one of the most visible and vocal consumer advocates in the nation. Nader has also been named one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th Century by Life Magazine in 1990. * originally published in 2011

Dr. David Kennedy, dentist and researcher, presents an amazing video story of tremendous courage and resolve. Cathy and Wayne Justus of Pagosa Springs, Colorado experience incredible debilitating symptoms in their world class quarter horses and their dogs with seemingly no source or reason. After the death of Cathy's prize horse, the local veterinarian tested for every known possibility for the cause, but could not come up with an explanation. It was not until Dr. Lennart Krook, Professor Emeritus of Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine tested for fluoride toxicity that Wayne and Cathy knew for certain what was killing their horses. They had been poisoned by fluoride in their drinking water. Because of Cathy's tenacious insistence with the local water department concerning the science of the issue, and because citizens of Pagosa Springs had educated themselves, fluoridation was eventually stopped in their community. We are very happy to report that Wayne and Cathy's horses and dogs are now living healthy happy lives with no fluoride symptoms whatsoever now that fluoridation has been stopped in Pagosa Springs. Cathy Justus also writes: I forgot to mention that on the "Poisoned Horses" DVD, what wasn't explained is why my Palomino gelding, Win, is loping along in the pasture with his head down. If he was out in the pasture for over an hour with his head down eating grass, he physically could not pick his head up for hours from the skeletal damage fluoride did to him. The links to the published peer reviewed scientific manuscripts and editorials in the journal FLUORIDE The Quarterly Journal of the International Society For Fluoride Research are: Editorial on horses by Dr. Albert Burgstahler "FAILURE TO DIAGNOSE FLUORIDE POISONING IN HORSES CAUSED BY WATER FLUORIDATION" http://www.fluorideresearch.org/391/f... 1st peer reviewed scientific manuscript on horses by Dr. Lennart P. Krook and Cathy Justus "FLUORIDE POISONING OF HORSES FROM ARTIFICIALLY FLUORIDATED DRINKING WATER" http://www.fluorideresearch.org/391/f... 2nd peer reviewed scientific manuscript on horses by Cathy Justus and Lennart P. Krook "ALLERGY IN HORSES FROM ARTIFICIALLY FLUORIDATED WATER" http://www.fluorideresearch.org/392/f... 3rd peer reviewed scientific manuscript on horses by Pixi Macicek and Dr. Lennart Krook "FLUOROSIS IN HORSES DRINKING ARTIFICIALLY FLUORIDATED WATER" http://www.fluorideresearch.org/413/f... Editorial on equines by Dr. Bruce Spittle: "FLUORIDE TOXICITY AND DONKEYS" http://www.fluorideresearch.org/431a/... 4th peer reviewed scientific manuscript on equines by S.L Choubisa, Vdaipur, India "OSTEO-DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN DOMESTIC HORSES AND DONKEYS IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA" http://www.fluorideresearch.org/431a/... The copyright to this video is held by Dr. David Kennedy who has given his gracious permission for us to present it in its entirety. We would also like to thank Cathy and Wayne Justus for their courage and permission to share this video with the world. This video posting is dedicated to the noble horse. May its descendants live healthy and happy lives. * originally published in 2011

An Environmental Professional Speaks Out on Fluoridation * originally published in 2008

An excerpt from "Professional Perspectives on Water Fluoridation", originally published in 2008.

Dr. Vyvyan Howard, President of the International Society of Doctors for the Environment, explains his concerns about water fluoridation. Dr. Howard is a medical toxico-pathologist who specializes in the impact of toxins on fetal and infant health. In this video, Dr. Howard discusses his concerns about fluoride's impact on infant health. To learn more, see: fluoridealert.org * originally published in 2008

An excerpt from "Professional Perspectives on Water Fluoridation", originally published in 2008.

An excerpt from "Professional Perspectives on Water Fluoridation", originally published in 2008.

Dr. Paul Connett of the Fluoride Action Network has now interviewed Christopher Bryson in this hard hitting video as the writer describes his discoveries about fluoride and its sinister connections to major policy agencies in the U. S. Government and to manipulation of popular scientific perception by major academic institutions such as Carnegie Mellon University. He describes how a significant pollutant and industrial chemical by product of the smelting and phosphate fertilizer industry was eventually turned into a miracle cure for tooth decay. And, Bryson describes how career professionals were discredited and ruined in order to guard the dirty secrets of fluoride's adverse long term health effects. Possibly one of the most important books to be published this decade - possibly in the last sixty years, "The Fluoride Deception" by former BBC correspondent and award winning investigative reporter, Christopher Bryson was published in 2004 by Seven Stories Press. This is the book that uncovered the incredible history behind the inception of the public health policy called water fluoridation. It is the book that stripped away the secrecy of government cover-ups concerning the legal industrial battles of WWII and the poisoning of farms and workers exposed to this insidious toxin with unfortunate lifelong consequences. Taking ten years to write, The Fluoride Deception has spawned a firestorm of controversy as groups of scientists, researchers and medical professionals around the world are now openly challenging the scientific, legal and ethical logic behind the government's seeming inability to admit how many citizens have had their health compromised or ruined from long term exposure to an accumulative poison that was once used in rat poison and is still used today in pesticides and agriculture. Once you see this video, you will never think of your toothpaste or your tap water in quite the same way again. The book is available through bookstores and libraries. * originally published on the FAN website in 2006

In a full length video produced by the Fluoride Action Network respected professional researchers, scientists, and health practitioners openly discuss their experience and opinions concerning the adverse health effects and ethical problems associated with the public health policy of water fluoridation. Featuring a Nobel Laureate in Medicine, three scientists from the National Research Council's landmark review on fluoride, as well as dentists, medical doctors, and leading researchers in the field, this professionally-produced 28 minute DVD presents a powerful indictment of the water fluoridation program. Here the list of Professionals included on the video: The 28-minute Professional Perspectives on Fluoridation features the following 15 experts:
 Lord Baldwin sits as an Independent Peer in the House of Lords, where he has contributed to debates on the environment and health for over 20 years. His Parliamentary Questions on fluoridation led to the UK Government setting up the 'York' systematic scientific review of the evidence in 2000, on whose advisory panel he served. He is Co-Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group Against Fluoridation - http://www.appgaf.org.uk/
 Arvid Carlsson, PhD, a neuro-pharmacologist. Dr. Carlsson led the successful fight against fluoridation in Sweden in the 1970's. He won the Nobel prize for medicine/physiology in 2000.
 Bob Carton, PhD, a risk assessment expert at the EPA (now retired). Dr. Carton was formerly the President of the union which represents professionals working at the US EPA headquarters in Washington DC. See Dr. Carton's important review of the National Research Council report (NRC, 2006) at Carton, RJ (2006) Fluoride: Review of the 2006 National Research Council Report: Fluoride in Drinking Water. Fluoride, 39(3) 163-172. http://www.fluorideresearch.org/393/f... Sir Iain Chalmers, PhD, edits The James Lind Library, a web-based resource containing explanatory material in seven languages about the principles and evolution of fair tests of medical treatments. He was director of the UK Cochrane Centre between 1992 and 2002, and director of the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit between 1978 and 1992.
 Paul Connett, PhD, an environmental chemist. Formerly, Professor of Chemistry at St. Lawrence University in Canton, NY. Currently the Executive Director, Fluoride Action Network, http://fluoridealert.org/
 Brent Foster, JD, formerly Conservation Chair of the Oregon chapter of the Sierra Club.
 Walter Graham helped in the very successful campaign to resist the imposition of water fluoridation on Northern Ireland.
 Bill Hirzy, PhD, a chemist, formerly with the US EPA. Dr. Hirzy is a former Vice-President of the union which represents professionals working at the US EPA headquarters in Washington, DC.
 C. Vyvyan Howard, MB, ChB, PhD, FRCPath, a fetal and infant toxico-pathologist. Professor Howard is director of the Bioimaging Research Group, Centre for Molecular Bioscience, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland; and President of the International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE).
 Bob Isaacson, PhD, a neuroscientist. Dr. Isaacson was a member of the National Research Council review panel, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of EPA's Drinking Water Standards (NRC, 2006) and also co-author of a very important animal study: Varner JA, et al. 1998. Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride and sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Research. 784: 284-298.
 Tim Kropp, PhD, a toxicologist formerly with the Environmental Working Group in Washington, DC.
 Hardy Limeback, DDS, PhD, currently chair of Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto. Past President of the Canadian Association for Dental Research and member of the National Research Council review panel, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of EPA's Drinking Water Standards (NRC, 2006).
 Phyllis Mullenix, PhD, a pharmacologist and toxicologist. Former chairperson of the toxicology department of Forsyth Dental Institute, Boston. Lead author of the seminal paper on fluoride's impact on animal brain: Mullenix P, et al. 1995. Neurotoxicity of Sodium Fluoride in Rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 17: 169-177.
 Bill Osmunson, DDS, MPH, a dentist who practices in both Oregon and Washington state.
 Kathleen Thiessen, PhD, a health risk specialist working with the consulting firm Senes Oak Ridge Inc., Center for Risk Analysis, Tennessee. Dr. Thiessen was a member of the National Research Council review panel, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of EPA's Drinking Water Standards (NRC, 2006). * originally published on YouTube on Apr 22, 2011

Part of an ongoing series of "Professional Perspectives" on the risks and benefits of fluoride. This video looks at the effects of fluoride on people with kidney disease. For more information, see fluoridealert.org. * originally published in 2006