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Five SCiENCE "FACTS" that are Widely Believed...but WRONG! CHAPTERS 0:00 Intro 0:56 There's no gravity in space 3:15 Gravity has infinite reach, but... 4:28 Nothing can go faster than light 5:58 How "light" can go faster than light 7:38 Bees shouldn't be able to fly 10:00 We would be screwed without bees 10:42 We evolved from chimps 12:58 Evolution is just a theory! 15:00 Big bang explains the creation of the universe SUMMARY "Facts" that are not quite correct: 1) There is no gravity in space 2) Nothing can go faster than the speed of light. 3) Bees shouldn’t be able to fly according to physics. I will explain this using Physics 4) Humans evolved from chimps, and 5) The Big Bang explains the creation of the universe. You’ve probably been told that there is no gravity in space. That’s not true. Gravity is everywhere in space. It has infinite reach. The force of gravity on the international space station, which is 400km away in space, is almost the same as on the surface of the earth. They feel no weight because they are in freefall. The effects of gravity travel at the speed of light, that is, the speed of photons, so our gravity extends out to everything that we can see. #speedoflight #bees Another common misconception is that nothing can break the speed of light because physics said so. Physics never put in such a limit. You might say, but Einstein’s law of relativity says so! It doesn’t actually say that. What physics tells us is that a massive particle cannot be accelerated to the speed of light, because it takes an infinite amount of energy to accelerate it to the speed of light. Most importantly, due to causality, information cannot travel faster than the speed of light. So the speed of light can be exceeded, as long as information does not exceed it. Space can expand faster than c, and there is something called the group velocity of light that can travel faster than c. In 1934 the French zoologist and aeronautical engineer, Antoine Magnan, came to the conclusion that Bees should not be able to fly according to the laws of aerodynamics. But there was a mistaken assumption in Magnan’s original calculations that the wings of a bee work in a similar way as the wings of a bird. Birds flap their wings up and down. But the thrust or lift that enables the birds to fly is only generated during the downstroke. No lift is generated in the upward stroke. Bees don’t fly like this. Bees flap their wings back and forth, not up and down. And lift is generated in both the forward and backward stroke. So the rapid rotation of the wing as it flops over and reverses direction, combined with a very fast wing beat creates more than enough lift for bees to fly. Another common science fact that’s wrong is the idea that humans evolved from chimpanzees. They did not. They are cousins because they share a common ancestor, that lived between 6 and 8 million years ago. This common ancestor, over time, diverged into two different species probably due to, among other factors, environmental variation that suited different evolutionary paths in different geographic locations. How do we know? The strongest evidence is inside us, in our DNA. Chimps and humans share 98.8% of their DNA. There was not a smooth line from the common ancestor leading directly to humans on one branch and chimps on the other. The fossil record shows that there were many other branches in between on the 8 million or so year journey to modern humans. And the same is likely true for modern chimps. Evolution is not controversial among scientists. It’s the cornerstone of modern biology. It is widely observable in laboratory and natural populations as they change over time. The best theory we have on the evolution of the universe is the Big Bang theory. But it does not explain how the universe was created or where it came from. What the theory describes is how we got the universe we see today from a much hotter and denser universe near the beginning. It describes everything that happened after the beginning, not at the beginning nor before the beginning. It explains everything that happened after the moment of creation, not how that creation took place.

The 7 Stages of AI Welcome to an enlightening journey through the 7 Stages of AI, a comprehensive exploration into the world of artificial intelligence. If you've ever wondered about the stages of AI, or are interested in how the 7 stages of artificial intelligence shape our technological world, this video is your ultimate guide. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing our daily lives and industries across the globe. Understanding the 7 stages of AI, from rudimentary algorithms to advanced machine learning and beyond, is vital to fully grasp this complex field. This video delves deep into each stage, providing clear explanations and real-world examples that make the concepts accessible for everyone, regardless of their background. Throughout this video, we demystify the fascinating progression of AI, starting from the basic rule-based systems, advancing through machine learning, deep learning, and the cutting-edge concept of self-aware AI. Not only do we discuss the technical aspects of these stages, but we also explore their societal implications, making this content valuable for technologists, policy makers, and curious minds alike. Leveraging our in-depth knowledge, we illuminate the intricate complexities of artificial intelligence's 7 stages. By the end of the video, you'll have gained a robust understanding of the stages of AI, the applications and potential of each stage, and the future trajectory of this game-changing technology.

Crowd Management and Control: Ensuring Safety and Order In the art of crowd management, a delicate balance between organization and responsiveness comes to the fore, ensuring that gatherings of people remain safe, enjoyable, and incident-free. Whether orchestrating a bustling public event, overseeing a protest, or handling a large-scale gathering, effective crowd control hinges on meticulous planning, adept communication, and a suite of strategies designed to maintain a harmonious environment. Planning for Success: At the heart of crowd control lies meticulous planning. Understanding the nature of the event and estimating attendee numbers are key steps in this phase. By gauging the scale of the crowd, event organizers can allocate resources judiciously and tailor their approach to the unique challenges posed. Communication as the Lighthouse: Clear communication serves as the lighthouse guiding the crowd. An array of signage, announcements, and designated personnel bridge the gap between event organizers and attendees. Trained staff and volunteers act as intermediaries, answering queries and providing guidance, helping to disseminate crucial information with clarity. Defining Boundaries: The physical space within which the crowd gathers must be intelligently demarcated. Fences, ropes, and barricades elegantly outline the crowd's boundaries, not only preventing overcrowding but also fostering a structured flow that minimizes bottlenecks and chaotic surges. Dispensing Information: The dissemination of information is paramount. Attendees need to be aware of event schedules, entry and exit points, emergency procedures, and any rules they must adhere to. Clarity in information empowers the crowd to act responsibly. Guiding the Flow: Guiding the movement of a crowd is an art form in itself. Organizers should establish separate entry and exit points, directing the flow of people seamlessly. Visual cues, such as signage and ground markings, act as gentle nudges, ensuring participants traverse the space in an organized manner. Guardians of Order: A cadre of trained security personnel and event staff forms the guardians of order, vigilantly monitoring the crowd's dynamics. Deployed strategically throughout the area, they remain poised to intervene, address conflicts, and ensure safety. Taming Tensions: As tensions can occasionally arise, adept crowd control incorporates de-escalation techniques. These methods, grounded in empathy and active listening, enable staff to defuse tense situations without resorting to force. Emergencies Are Anticipated: A robust emergency plan stands as an imperative cornerstone of crowd management. Preparedness for unforeseen events, from medical emergencies to fires, is paramount. Attendees and staff must be well-versed in emergency procedures, ready to act decisively if the need arises. The Voice of Authority: A public address system serves as the authoritative voice amidst the crowd. It delivers vital announcements and instructions, averting confusion and anchoring a sense of order. Continuous Vigilance: Monitoring the crowd is a continuous process. Adapting strategies to evolving dynamics ensures the maintenance of a safe environment. Restlessness and tension are swiftly addressed to preempt escalation. Respect and Calm: A fundamental tenet of crowd control lies in treating participants with respect and maintaining a calm demeanor. Force is employed only when absolutely necessary, as organizers prioritize the collective well-being and safety of everyone involved. In the intricate choreography of crowd control, safety, communication, and adaptability are the lead dancers. A successful performance rests on orchestrating these elements seamlessly, ensuring that any gathering remains an enjoyable and secure experience for all.

Dr. Michio Kaku, the renowned theoretical physicist, walks through the evolutionary journey of quantum computing, from analog to digital to the quantum era. Quantum computers hold immense promise because of their ability to tap into parallel universes, which boosts their computational power exponentially. They could revolutionize agriculture, energy, and medicine, solving complex problems like creating efficient fertilizers, achieving fusion energy, and modeling diseases at the molecular level. The race between major tech companies and intelligence agencies to actualize this power is intense, as they could redefine industries and even global power structures if they succeed. The endeavor isn’t without challenges; we’ve yet to create a fully functional quantum computer. But Kaku envisions a future where quantum computers unravel complex equations, potentially shedding light on profound cosmic mysteries.

What If You Drink Coke Right After Eating Mentos? Amazing Science Experiments The Dr. Binocs A Coke bottle will erupt with an astonishing soda geyser when Mentos are added to it. However, consuming Mentos after a Coke won't have the same impact.

Ellie & Kaden's Magnetic Slime Science Experiments As they delve deeply into the enchanted world of magnetism, Ellie, Kaden, and their cherished uncles do so! Uncle Jason conducts an amazing slime and magnet experiment that astounds Ellie and Kaden at the start of the expedition. Uncle Jim continues the entertainment by sharing more magnetic slime skills as well as the mesmerizing spinning coin trick. When Uncle J has to go, the kids are disappointed, but their spirits are boosted when Uncle Jim pledges to conduct the coin experiment and magnetic slime experiment at home. When the slime and magnet experiment doesn't turn out as expected at first, Uncle Sam intervenes to explain the science and disclose the secret component: iron powder! When the kids believe they've seen it all, Uncle Jason reappears to demonstrate additional fascinating magnetic experiments. He teaches the students about magnetic poles, the magnetic force, and the characteristics of metals as he goes deeply into the field of magnetism. Along with other experiments, Uncle Jason also runs the Levitron, Maglev Personal Transporter, Super Magnet Racer, and Floating Spinner. In the thrilling episode conclusion, it is revealed that the Earth itself is a huge magnet! The knowledge the children get about the Earth's magnetic field, its function as protection, and its formation excite them. Come along on this educational adventure with us as we investigate the wonders of magnetism.

EASY SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS FOR KIDS TO DO AT HOME Amazing & Awesome! These experiments are really simple to perform at home, in the classroom, and you can impress your family by performing super great magic. 0:00 Color changing walking water This is a super cool and easy experiment rainbow walking water using tissue paper and glass + food coloring 0:35 Rainbow Rain Experiment Your kids will say WOWWwwwww when looking at this, it's awesome experiment using: Oil cooking and food coloring. 3:10 Instant freeze water experiment This easy experiment you can try at home. put the water bottles into your refrigerator approximately 4-5hours and be careful taking it out DON'T SHAKE Thanks For Watching ! . . . .

THE TOP 21 AMAZING SCIENCE EXPERIMATURES We hope you enjoy the video. Please share this video with your friends if you like it.To Receive Regular Access To More Interesting Videos, Subscribe Now, Click The Bell Icon, and Select All. I'm grateful. Time Stamp :- 00:02 Air Experiment 00:33 Invisible Flame 01:10 Candle Powered Fan 01:38 Colgate Experiment 02:07 Friction Pen Experiment 02:32 Cigarette Experiment 03:22 Perfume Experiment 03:39 Bottle Rocket Gun 04:01 Water Experiment 04:23 Sugar Experiment 04:44 Turmeric Indicator 05:16 Perfume Rocket 05:44 Magnet Vs Apple Experiment 06:14 Fire Inside Water 06:44 Air Experiment With Ball 07:11 Wireless Power 07:34 Water Experiment With Ball 07:54 Pencil Graphite Experiment 08:17 Steel Ring & Chain Experiment 08:37 Balance Trick With Gyroscope 09:11 Perfume Trick With Mosquito Bat 09:30 Water Experiment With Zipper Bag DISCLAIMER: This video is solely meant to be watched for educational and recreational purposes. Every activity in this movie was carried out by experts in a secure environment while wearing the necessary safety gear. Please refrain from attempting to replicate any of the acts demonstrated in this video. It might be hazardous. The author won't be held accountable for any actions taken by you.

The Attribute of Light Science Still Can't Explain

Scientists Reveal That Jupiter Is Not What We're Beeing Told Jupiter is the largest mystery in the entire solar system and has captivated astronomers and scientists for millennia. When we believe we have a good understanding of the gas giant, this heavenly giant challenges our presumptions. Jupiter continues to baffle scientists with its combination of unpredictable and frequently hostile behavior, fascinating storms with winds of up to 640 kilometers per hour (400 miles per hour), and the shrouded secrets of concealed metallic oceans within its core. Join us on a remarkable trip as we explore this mysterious world's depths and learn about its mysteries.

10 Crazy Science Experiments by Inventor 101 I hope you appreciate these insane science projects and experiments that I have put together for you to undertake at home or for a school science assignment. Thank you for viewing!

The Most Misunderstood Concept in Physics One of the most important, yet least understood, concepts in all of physics. A huge thank you to those who helped us understand different aspects of this complicated topic - Dr. Ashmeet Singh, Supriya Krishnamurthy, Dr. Jos Thijssen, Dr. Bijoy Bera, Dr. Timon Idema, Álvaro Bermejillo Seco and Dr. Misha Titov. References: Carnot, S. (1824). Reflections on the motive power of heat: and on machines fitted to develop that power. - https://ve42.co/Carnot1890 Harnessing The True Power Of Atoms | Order And Disorder Documentaries, Spark via YouTube - https://ve42.co/OrderDisorder A better description of entropy, Steve Mould via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Mould2016 Dugdale, J. S. (1996). Entropy and its physical meaning. CRC Press. - https://ve42.co/Dugdale1996 Schroeder, D. V. (1999). An introduction to thermal physics. - https://ve42.co/Schroeder2021 Fowler, M. Heat Engines: the Carnot Cycle, University of Virginia. - https://ve42.co/Fowler2023 Chandler, D.L. (2010). Explained: The Carnot Limit, MIT News - https://ve42.co/Chandler2010 Entropy, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/EntropyWiki Clausius, R. (1867). The mechanical theory of heat. Van Voorst. - https://ve42.co/Clausius1867 What is entropy? TED-Ed via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Phillips2017 Thijssen, J. (2018) Lecture Notes Statistical Physics, TU Delft. Schneider, E. D., & Kay, J. J. (1994). Life as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics. Mathematical and computer modelling, 19(6-8), 25-48. - https://ve42.co/Schneider1994 Lineweaver, C. H., & Egan, C. A. (2008). Life, gravity and the second law of thermodynamics. Physics of Life Reviews, 5(4), 225-242. - https://ve42.co/Lineweaver2008 Michaelian, K. (2012). HESS Opinions" Biological catalysis of the hydrological cycle: life's thermodynamic function". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(8), 2629-2645. - https://ve42.co/Michaelian2012 England, J. L. (2013). Statistical physics of self-replication. The Journal of chemical physics, 139(12), 09B623_1. - https://ve42.co/England2013 England, J. L. (2015). Dissipative adaptation in driven self-assembly. Nature nanotechnology, 10(11), 919-923. - https://ve42.co/England2015 Wolchover, N. (2014). A New Physics Theory of Life, Quantamagazine - https://ve42.co/Wolchover2014 Lineweaver, C. H. (2013). The entropy of the universe and the maximum entropy production principle. In Beyond the Second Law: Entropy Production and Non-equilibrium Systems (pp. 415-427). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - https://ve42.co/LineweaverEntropy Bekenstein, J.D. (1972). Black holes and the second law. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 4, 737–740. - https://ve42.co/Bekenstein1972 Carroll, S.M. (2022). The Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion. Penguin Publishing Group. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2022 Black hole thermodynamics, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/BlackHoleTD Cosmology and the arrow of time: Sean Carroll at TEDxCaltech, TEDx Talks via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollTEDx Carroll, S. M. (2008). The cosmic origins of time’s arrow. Scientific American, 298(6), 48-57. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2008 The Passage of Time and the Meaning of Life | Sean Carroll (Talk + Q&A), Long Now Foundation via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollLNF Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Emil Abu Milad, Tj Steyn, meg noah, Bernard McGee, KeyWestr, Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Juan Benet, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Sam Lutfi. ▀▀▀ Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller & Petr Lebedev Edited by Trenton Oliver & Jamie MacLeod Animated by Mike Radjabov, Ivy Tello, Fabio Albertelli and Jakub Misiek Filmed by Derek Muller, Albert Leung & Raquel Nuno Molecular collisions video by CSIRO's Data61 via YouTube: Simulation of air Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and by courtesy of NASA, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Flight Lab/ CI Lab, NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, HMI, and WMAP science teams. As well as the Advanced Visualization Laboratory at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, B. Robertson, L. Hernquist Music from Epidemic Sound & Jonny Hyman Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, & Casper Mebius

Craziest Scientific Discoveries You Missed in 2023

Timestamps: 0:05 Corn flakes and magnet 0:29 Watering cans trick 1:28 Fade out tricks 1:47 Jelly bears 2:09 Milk and cola 2:35 Water and magnets 3:17 Balance 3:39 Ferromagnetic fluid This film was produced purely for amusement. Regarding the accuracy, reliability, and completeness, we make no guarantees. You should only act at your own risk and we will not be held responsible for any losses or damages if you rely on the information presented in this video. If one intends to copy, it is the viewer's duty to exercise caution, discernment, and due diligence. Please exercise caution, good judgment, and safety measures if you want to mimic any of the behavior shown in the following video, which may have been carried out by our actors in a safe environment. The names of all the products and companies mentioned in the film are registered® or trademarksTM of their respective owners. The use of them implies neither a relationship with nor an endorsement by them.

Reading without sight, drawing moisture from the atmosphere, putting light into a dark basement, or interacting with a humanoid robot... These passages are not taken from a science fiction book. All of this is currently accessible. The top nine most recent inventions that will blow your mind are presented to you today. Are you prepared to go off on an incredible adventure across the realm of science and technology? so let's move on.

This is the biggest, brightest, hottest video there is about the science of fireworks. This video is brought to you by Kiwico If you're looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms - a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically Massive thanks to Mike Tockstein from Pyrotechnic Innovations and Will Scott from Las Vegas Display Fireworks Inc, for all your pyro knowledge and keeping us safe. Massive thanks to Gene Nagata from PotatoJet for filming this episode – check out his wonderful channel for more videos about cameras and FPV drones. Thanks to Brandon Williams for helping with the chemistry and sourcing of materials. Thanks to Matthew Tosh for the help with the chemistry conversation about fireworks. Thanks to Simon Werrett for the help with the history of fireworks. Werrett, S. (2010). Fireworks: pyrotechnic arts and sciences in European history. University of Chicago Press Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Emil Abu Milad, Tj Steyn, meg noah, Bernard McGee, KeyWestr, Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Juan Benet, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Sam Lutfi. Written by Derek Muller Edited by Trenton Oliver Animated by Ivy Tello and Fabio Albertelli Filmed by Derek Muller, Hunter Peterson, Gene Nagata, Raquel Nuno Production by Hunter Peterson and Stephanie Castillo Additional video/photos supplied by Mike Tockstein/Pyrotechnic Innovations Music from Epidemic Sound & Jonny Hyman Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, & Casper Mebius

The Top 20 Simple Science Experiments Compilation. We hope you enjoy the video. Please share this video with your friends if you like it. *To Receive Regular Access To More Interesting Videos, Subscribe Now, Click The Bell Icon, and Select All. I'm grateful. About the video: This video features a combination of 20 outstanding science experiments. You may try these 20 simple scientific projects and experiments safely and easily at home. Time Stamp :- 00:00 Intro With Magic 00:44 Candle Tricks 01:18 Orange Peel Experiment 01:40 Coanda Effect 02:10 Area Experiment 02:27 Color Experiment 02:57 Static Electricity 03:20 Cocacola & Salt Experiment 03:51 Magnet Experiment 04:16 Tissue Paper & Color Trick 04:48 Coin Tricks With Magnet 05:20 Milk Experiment With Color & Soap 05:46 Lens Made Of Water 06:27 ENO Experiment 06:58 Paper Tricks With Candle 07:27 Red Cabbage Indicator 08:01 Paper Tricks 08:36 Water Balloon Experiment 09:00 Lemon Tricks With Highlighter 09:27 Balloon Tricks With Bottle 09:58 Invisible Writing

22 Amazing Optical Illusions and Science Experiments! Compilation This film was produced purely for amusement. Regarding the accuracy, reliability, and completeness, we make no guarantees. You should only act at your own risk and we will not be held responsible for any losses or damages if you rely on the information presented in this video. If one intends to copy, it is the viewer's duty to exercise caution, discernment, and due diligence. Please exercise discretion, care, and caution if you intend to mimic any of the activities shown in the following video, which may have been carried out by our actors in a supervised setting. 00:00 Fire Snake 00:42 Traveling Flame 01:00 Animated illusion 01:24 Magnetic Matches 01:41 Silver Egg Illusion 02:00 Sugar and Acid Reaction 02:35 Shredding a Photo 03:04 Amazing Hot Ice 03:41 Red Cabbage Color Change 03:57 Fire Tornado 04:20 Coca Cola Can and Drain Cleaner Reaction 04:54 Anamorphic illusion 05:26 Pool Chlorine and |Coca Cola Experiment 05:46 Anti-Gravity Structure 06:08 Elephant Toothpaste 06:25 Motion Binding Illusion 06:49 Homemade Hologram 07:15 Magnetic Gyro Wheel 07:33 Homemade Flying Balloon 07:59 Soap Propelled Boat 08:14 Rooftop Illusion 08:36 Hand Sanitizer Experiment

33 Amazing Science Experiments! Compilation | | Best of the Year 0:00 Instantly freeze water trick with HOT-ICE 0:13 Instantly freeze water trick Freeze Strawberry 0:28 Ferrofluid and Neodymium magnet experiment 0:59 Battery and copper wire experiments 1:23 Ballon trick with sharpening nails 1:45 Colorful rain (rainbow experiment) 2:25 Bubble trick with dry ice 3:03 Invisible Flame 3:25 Where is the water? Magic trick with water 4:01 Aluminum can and Drain Cleaner Experiment 4:38 How to make Hot-Ice with Sodium Acetate ( Vinegar and Baking soda) 5:28 Mind blowing optical illusions 5:48 Coca Cola vs Milk experiment 6:18 How to make monster magnet ( Slime magnetic) 6:56 Water trick it looks like a magic 7:43 Instant Freeze Water 8:07 Aluminum vs Neodymium Magnet 8:35 Travelling Water Experiment (Crawling Colors) 8:51 Magnet experiment with Iron filings 9:27 How to bend water with a comb ( Static Electric Experiment) 9:45 Carbon Sugar Snake Experiment 10:32 Water vs Sugar experiment 10:44 Magic pen 11:06 Balloon trick (Balloon on fire experiment) 11:29 Amazing Water experiment 12:05 Egg Experiment 12:28 How to Crack an Egg with One Hand 12:45 Keep a Paper Towel Dry Under Water Science Experiment 13:12 Simple tricks with water and fire 13:37 Coca Cola Rocket ( Coca Cola and Butane) 14:18 Egg and Vinegar experiment (Bouncing Egg)

To find out why they are there, I navigated a boat through 96,000,000 black plastic balls on the Los Angeles reservoir. The initial claim made concerning shade balls was that they lessen evaporation. It transpires nevertheless that this was not the motivation behind their introduction. Thank you so much to LADWP for organizing this unique tour for me. Let's mount the GoPro on the submersible the next time! The balls float on the surface of the reservoir even if they break apart because they are constructed of high density polyethylene (HDPE), which is less dense than water. They have a diameter of 10cm (4 inches) and 210ml of water are inside. They are there primarily to prevent sunlight from penetrating the water, So their primary purpose is to prevent sunlight from penetrating the water and starting a chemical reaction that would otherwise transform innocuous bromide into hazardous bromate. Regulators demand that bromate levels be maintained below 10 micrograms per liter on average over a 12-month period because this effect develops with sustained exposure to bromate. Special thanks to Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Terrance Shepherd, Penward Rhyme, and everyone who offered suggestions on an early version of this film for Patreon supporters. The Las Virgenes Reservoir provided the video of the first shade ball dump. Euro-Matic for film of a bird in a jet engine Produced and researched by Casey Rentz Maria Raykova's animated shorts music available at epidemicsound.com "Seaweed" from "Colorful Animation 4" "Marty Got a Plan" by Kevin MacLeod is also cited. This video explains the science behind water quality.

The most spherical thing in the world contributes to the resolution of measurement's oldest conundrum, the kilogram's definition. Visit bit.ly/VePatreon to support Veritasium on Patreon. What a kilogram used to be has changed. Literally. Its original term, the "grave," was suggested in 1793, but like its inventor Lavoisier, it perished in the French Revolution. This is how the story of the strangest SI unit starts. The only base unit still defined by a physical artifact, the international prototype kilogram, or IPK, is the kilogram. It is the only base unit with a prefix in its name. But this definition's flaw has been clear for some time. When compared to 40 identical cylinders produced at the same time, the IPK doesn't appear to keep its mass. Therefore, it is intended to do away with the kilogram's reliance on a tangible thing. The Avogadro Project and the Watt Balance are the two main strategies under consideration to accomplish this goal. The Avogadro project seeks to redefine Avogadro's constant (now defined by the kilogram, or the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12), and reverse the relationship such that Avogadro's constant accurately specifies the kilogram. The most ideal sphere on Earth had to be made in order to use this technique. It is composed of a single silicon crystal with 28 atoms. The diameter may be precisely measured, allowing the volume to be determined. Since the silicon atom spacing is well understood, it is possible to calculate the precise number of atoms in a sphere. This makes it possible to calculate Avogadro's constant with extreme precision. We would especially like to acknowledge the assistance of Katie Green, Dr. David Farrant, the CSIRO, and the National Measurment Institute. Nessy Hill was also credited for filming and analyzing early iterations of this video. Whether or not this is actually the roundest thing ever made is up for discussion. The rotors of the Gravity Probe-B are similarly spherical and have very tight tolerances, so they might even be rounder. Kevin McLeod is a musician (incompetech.com). Decision, Dance of the Dead, and Scissors.

Although aerogel has remarkable qualities, working with it can be challenging. This video examines how to alter aerogels to benefit from their special properties. Join Veritasium today: https://ve42.co/sub Thank you very much to Dr. Stephen Steiner and the Aerogel Technologies team. Visit http://www.aerogeltechnologies.com/ for more information or to purchase an aerogel sample. Sincere appreciation to Drs. Steven Jones and Mihail Petkov at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Furthermore, we appreciate FLIR for lending us their fantastic high resolution infrared camera. The video is incredible! https://www.flir.com The unique characteristics of aerogel are mostly a result of its composition. Although aerogel is a solid, its nanoscale structure resembles a mesh or sponge. This structure's struts and pores, which are about 20 nm in diameter, are nanoscale. This makes silica aerogel extremely transparent, adsorbent, and light (it was formerly the lightest solid but has since been surpassed by graphene aerogel). The internal surface area of an aerogel the size of an ice cube is roughly equivalent to half a football field. In high-end museum exhibits, aerogel is utilized to control humidity. Additionally, because it absorbs moisture and other volatiles released by the spacecraft itself, it aids in maintaining the vacuum on the seismometers on Mars Insight. The demand for chemical and hazardous pesticides can be reduced by using the proposed use as a physical insecticide by "drying out insects." Paul Gramaglia shot the video. Ignat Berbeci's thumbnail Cartoons created by Catherine Chooljian music available at epidemicsound.com The "Tonic Zone" "Betelgeuse" the "Insidious Mice" "Seaweed" It's not really that serious. The song "Platin00m - Sum It" This is a scientific and instructive video.