Voltaire and the Origins of Modern Philosophy of History

TODAY IN PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY: Voltaire and the Origins of Modern Philosophy of History

21 November 2025 is the 331st anniversary of the birth of François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), better known by his pen name Voltaire, who was born in Paris on this date in 1694.

Voltaire was one of the great figures of the Enlightenment, and he was the first to write a book titled Philosophy of History. The modern tradition of philosophy of history has its origins in this explicit recognition of the discipline, but whereas Voltaire had a thoroughly naturalistic approach, his successors took a different path.

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