Al Biruni Tells of HIs Expedition to Find Out Everything That Was Known About Anything in the Known

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My name is Al-Biruni, and I lived more than a thousand years ago, during the Golden Age of Islamic science. I was born in 973 AD in a region that is now part of modern-day Uzbekistan. Ever since I was a child, I was curious about everything—why the stars move, how numbers work, what cultures believe, and how the Earth was shaped. I guess you could say I was a scientist, a mathematician, an astronomer, a geographer, a historian, and even a philosopher all rolled into one.

I spent my early years studying every book I could find. I learned Arabic, Persian, Greek, Sanskrit, and Syriac, because I believed that if you want to understand the world, you have to understand its languages. I didn’t just sit in libraries either. I traveled. I asked questions. I experimented. I even measured the Earth's circumference—pretty accurately, too—long before modern satellites came along.

One of the most exciting parts of my life came when I traveled to India with Mahmud of Ghazni, a powerful ruler of the time. While I didn’t agree with his violent campaigns, I used the opportunity to study Indian science, math, and culture. I was fascinated by Indian astronomy and religion. I even wrote an entire book called “Kitab fi Tahqiq ma li’l-Hind”—or “The Book Confirming What is in India”. It wasn't meant to criticize but to understand. I believe that to truly learn, you must respect the people and ideas you’re studying.

I wrote over 140 books on topics ranging from physics and chemistry to history and religion. In one of them, I even talked about the idea that light travels faster than sound—which, as you know today, is absolutely true! I loved figuring things out using reason and observation, not just repeating what others said. I wanted to question everything and encourage others to do the same.

Even though I lived in a time when people sometimes feared new ideas, I believed that truth had no borders. Whether knowledge came from Greeks, Indians, or Persians, it was all part of the same great human quest to understand the universe.

So, if there’s anything I want you to take from my life, it’s this: be endlessly curious. Don’t be afraid to study other cultures, to ask hard questions, or to admit when you don’t know something. That’s where real discovery begins. And who knows? Maybe one day, you’ll write a book that changes how the world thinks—just like I tried to do.

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