The second life for unused COVID‑19 vaccines: Towards biosensing application” (Talanta, 2025)

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Description/Info Box:
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Title: “The second life for unused COVID‑19 vaccines: Towards biosensing application” (Talanta, 2025) :
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P.S. The Covid Vaccines were always purposed for biosensing..
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-Study Motivation
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The COVID‑19 pandemic produced vast quantities of vaccines; many remain unused and have expired.
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Disposing of expired vaccines is wasteful. This study explores how these expired vaccines (EXVAX)—particularly those based on SARS-CoV‑2 spike protein virus-like particles (VLPs)—can be repurposed for biosensing applications .
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Methodology
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1. Material Preparation
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Utilized EXVAX comprising VLPs with recombinant SARS‑CoV‑2 S protein, stored beyond typical expiration (over a year post-expiry) .
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2. Sensor Construction
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Coated gold sensor chips with EXVAX material.
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Measured antibody binding kinetics using total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) and mathematical modeling to derive binding affinity constants .
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3. Validation
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Cross-validated sensor performance against conventional ELISA assays.
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Benchmarked EXVAX-coated sensors against those made with commercial recombinant S-proteins .
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-Key Findings
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Structural/functional integrity: VLP-based S proteins retained binding activity over a year beyond expiration.
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High affinity binding: Derived equilibrium dissociation constants (K_D) were in the nanomolar range (10⁻¹¹ to 10⁻⁹ M), signifying strong antibody recognition .
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Thermodynamic advantage: EXVAX-based sensors showed more favorable thermodynamics when compared with sensors using conventional recombinant proteins .
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Confirmed by ELISA: Traditional ELISA tests corroborated the high affinity and performance of EXVAX sensors .
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-Broader Impacts & Implications
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Waste valorization: Transforming expired vaccines into functional biosensors aligns with sustainability efforts—reducing biomedical waste while extracting value from expired goods .
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Resource-efficient biosensing: EXVAX sensors could serve as cost-effective alternatives to recombinant protein sensors.
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Scalable strategy: The approach could extend to other nanoparticle or VLP-based vaccines reaching expiration, promoting circular use of biomedical resources .
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- Conclusions
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Viability: EXVAX retains biological activity suitable for sensitive antibody detection, even long after expiry.
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Potential: EXVAX-coated sensors offer high-affinity, thermodynamically robust platforms compatible with real-time biosensing.
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Sustainability: This reuse approach supports global sustainable development by reducing waste and maximizing vaccine utility.
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The second life for unused COVID-19 vaccines: Towards biosensing application
https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003991402500133X
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