What Is Called Thinking? by Martin Heidegger | Summary and Critique

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"""What Is Called Thinking?"" is a philosophical work written by Martin Heidegger and published in 1954. In this book, Heidegger explores the nature of thinking and its significance for human existence. He seeks to uncover the essence of thinking and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

Heidegger begins by questioning the meaning and significance of thinking in contemporary society. He argues that modern thinking has become dominated by calculative and instrumental rationality, which reduces thinking to mere problem-solving and calculation. He calls for a return to a more profound and authentic mode of thinking that engages with the fundamental questions of existence.

Heidegger contends that true thinking is a mode of questioning and openness to the world. It involves a process of contemplation and reflection that allows us to encounter the world and our existence in a more authentic and meaningful way. He argues that thinking is not just a mental activity but a way of being-in-the-world, a mode of engagement with our surroundings.

In his exploration of thinking, Heidegger delves into various topics, such as language, poetry, art, and the role of history. He suggests that language is not simply a tool for communication but a medium through which our understanding of the world is shaped. He also emphasizes the role of poetry and art in revealing deeper truths and enabling us to grasp the essence of things.

Critics of ""What Is Called Thinking?"" have raised several concerns. One criticism is that Heidegger's writing style and his use of dense and abstract language can make his ideas difficult to grasp and interpret. His philosophical terminology and intricate concepts can be challenging for readers unfamiliar with his work, leading to a potential barrier to understanding.

Another criticism is that Heidegger's emphasis on a more authentic and profound mode of thinking may be seen as overly abstract and detached from practical concerns. Critics argue that his ideas on thinking neglect the practical and everyday aspects of human existence, focusing instead on abstract philosophical contemplation.

Furthermore, Heidegger's association with National Socialism during his lifetime has also raised significant ethical and political concerns. His involvement and support for the Nazi regime have led to debates and controversies surrounding the interpretation and reception of his works.

In summary, ""What Is Called Thinking?"" by Martin Heidegger is a philosophical work that explores the nature of thinking and its significance for human existence. Heidegger calls for a return to a more authentic and profound mode of thinking, beyond mere calculation and problem-solving. Critics have raised concerns about the complexity of his writing, the practical relevance of his ideas, and the ethical implications of his association with National Socialism. Nonetheless, the book remains influential in existential and phenomenological philosophy and continues to stimulate discussions on the nature of thinking and human existence."