Cryptostreets

Astronomers using NASA’s TESS and other facilities have discovered a planet between the sizes of Earth and Venus, only 40 light-years away, named Gliese 12 b. Ideal for further study due to its proximity and characteristics, this “exo-Venus” orbits a red dwarf star and may help reveal insights into planetary evolution and habitability. Two international teams of astronomers have discovered a planet between the sizes of Earth and Venus only 40 light-years away, using observations by NASA’s TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) and many other facilities. Multiple factors make it a candidate well-suited for further study using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope.

Scientists have traced the German cockroach’s origins to Asia around 2,100 years ago, debunking the myth of its German origin. This pest, known for its resistance to insecticides and health risks, remains a major global concern. A team of international scientists, including Virginia Tech entomologist Warren Booth, has solved a 250-year-old mystery regarding the origin of the most prevalent indoor urban pest insect: the German cockroach. The team’s research findings, representing the genomic analyses of over 280 specimens from 17 countries and six continents, show that this species evolved some 2,100 years ago from an outside species in Asia and were released this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal.

A new development in solar technology uses pulse-shaped light to enhance the efficiency of PbS quantum dot solar cells, promising easier production and broader application. A research team headed by Professor Jongmin Choi from the Department of Energy Science and Engineering at Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology has successfully developed a “PbS quantum dot” capable of quickly improving the electrical conductivity of solar cells. This collaborative effort involved Professor Changyong Lim of the Department of Energy Chemical Engineering at Kyungpook National University, led by President Wonhwa Hong, and Professor Jongchul Lim from the Department of Energy Engineering at Chungnam National University, under the leadership of President Jeongkyoum Kim.

New reserach reveals a potential mechanism through which ultraviolet radiation could influence the regulation of subcutaneous fat. This discovery opens up new potential strategies for treating obesity. Obesity and metabolic disorders are growing concerns for public health worldwide. In an innovative research effort, dermatologists investigated how ultraviolet (UV) exposure impacts appetite and weight management. Their findings revealed that UV exposure increases norepinephrine levels, reduces leptin levels, and promotes the conversion of white fat into brown fat, which enhances energy expenditure. These results potentially pave the way for new approaches to prevent and treat obesity and metabolic disorders. Their findings appear in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, published by Elsevier.

The Starling spacecraft swarm has completed its primary mission, showcasing breakthroughs in autonomous satellite operation and navigation, setting the stage for future collaborative space traffic management with SpaceX. After ten months in orbit, the Starling spacecraft swarm successfully demonstrated its primary mission’s key objectives, representing significant achievements in the capability of swarm configurations. Swarms of satellites may one day be used in deep space exploration. An autonomous network of spacecraft could self-navigate, manage scientific experiments, and execute maneuvers to respond to environmental changes without the burden of significant communications delays between the swarm and Earth.

Results offer a deeper understanding of the intricate link between sleep disorders and epilepsy. According to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and published in Sleep, there is an association between sleep apnea, low oxygen levels during sleep, and the onset of epilepsy after the age of 60, termed late-onset epilepsy. This connection persists regardless of other established risk factors for both conditions, such as hypertension and stroke. These findings could enhance our understanding of how sleep disorders and late-onset epilepsy are related and might also reveal new potential treatment targets.

New materials engineered to be both stiff and heat-insulating could revolutionize thermal insulation applications in electronics. Scientists have successfully engineered materials that are both rigid and effective at insulating against heat. This extremely rare combination of attributes offers significant potential for various applications, including the creation of new thermal insulation coatings for electronic devices. “Materials that have a high elastic modulus tend to also be highly thermally conductive, and vice versa,” says Jun Liu, co-corresponding author of a paper on the work and an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at North Carolina State University. “In other words, if a material is stiff, it does a good job of conducting heat. And if a material is not stiff, then it is usually good at insulating against heat.

Research shows that killer whales take just one breath between short, shallow dives, with findings aiding in the conservation by estimating their daily fish requirements. A recent study has verified a longstanding assumption: orcas only breathe once between dives. The researchers used drone footage and biological data from tags suction-cupped to 11 northern and southern resident killer whales off the coast of B.C. to gather information on the animals’ habits.

New research suggest the mysterious D” layer at Earth’s core-mantle boundary might have formed from remnants of an early colossal impact, with iron-rich peroxide playing a key role in its unique and enduring features. Deep within Earth, there lies a mysterious layer called the D” layer. Located roughly 3,000 kilometers down, this zone sits just above the boundary between the planet’s molten outer core and its solid mantle. Unlike a perfect sphere, the D” layer is surprisingly patchy. Its thickness varies greatly from place to place, with some regions even lacking a D” layer altogether – much like continents rise above the Earth’s oceans. These intriguing variations have captured the attention of geophysicists, who describe the D” layer as a heterogeneous, or non-uniform, region.

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Barry Hearn: "We reckon we could sell 250,000 tickets for the World Championship and they wouldn't fit in the Ally Pally. We are keeping our options open because we have learned with Luke Littler that you sometimes can't see what is coming. It's under discussion with everybody"

Lewis Hamilton's final season at Mercedes hasn't gone as hoped for the seven-time world champion; Hamilton is eighth in the drivers' championship behind Mercedes team-mate George Russell; watch the Canadian GP on June 7-9 with every session on Sky Sports F1

England's Kate Cross picked up two wickets during the first ODI in Derby against Pakistan; The 32-year-old praised the young talent as England look to complete another whitewash series; watch the third ODI live on Sky Sports on Wednesday (first ball 1pm)

Leeds United lost 1-0 to Southampton in Sunday's Championship playoff final at Wembley; manager Daniel Farke is set to stay in charge at Elland Road this summer; Leeds will be favourites to gain promotion to the Premier League next season

Enzo Maresca looks likely to become Chelsea's new head coach, replacing Mauricio Pochettino; The 'Marescalator' is on course to take charge at Stamford Bridge after just 67 games in management, and one full season in English football with Leicester City in the Championship

Gareth Southgate's England contract runs out in December; Manchester United have begun a review into Erik ten Hag's two-year spell at the club; Mauricio Pochettino, Thomas Tuchel, Thomas Frank are all potential candidates for Man Utd; Southgate is focusing on Euro 2024

A substance naturally occurring in i.e. pomegranates, strawberries, and walnuts can improve memory and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, a new study conducted at the University of Copenhagen concludes. Forgetfulness, difficulty finding words, and confusion about time and place are all common symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Now researchers at the University of Copenhagen have discovered that an ordinary fruit can help. “Our study on mouse models with AD shows that urolithin A, which is a naturally occurring substance in i.a. pomegranates, can alleviate memory problems and other consequences of dementia,” says Vilhelm Bohr, who is an Affiliate Professor at the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the University of Copenhagen and previously Department Chair at the US National Institute on Aging.

In the future solar energy could be used to produce cement or steel, instead of burning coal or oil for this purpose. Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a thermal trap that can absorb concentrated sunlight and deliver heat at over a thousand degrees Celsius. A new thermal trap uses sunlight to reach a temperature of over a thousand degrees Celsius. The new technology minimizes heat losses making it possible to generate this high temperature efficiently The approach could help to provide industrial plants with high temperatures and thus make these industries carbon neutral. Industrial Heat Processes The production of cement, metals, and many chemical commodities requires extremely high temperatures of over a thousand degrees Celsius. At present, this heat is usually obtained by combusting fossil fuels: coal or natural gas, which emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. Heating with renewable electricity is not an alternative, as this would be inefficient at these high temperatures. Although much of our economy and society will need to become carbon neutral in the coming decades, these industrial processes are likely to continue to be powered by fossil fuels for the near future. They are considered difficult to decarbonize.