Dr. John Campbell

Vitamin A is needed for immunity and is cheap Vitamin A (which is retinol) and immunity WHO report https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON494 https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-a/ Vitamin A has several important functions helping natural defence against illness and infection (immune system) work properly helping vision in dim light keeping skin and the lining of some parts of the body, such as the nose, healthy Good sources of vitamin A Good sources of vitamin A (retinol) include: cheese eggs oily fish fortified low-fat spreads milk and yoghurt liver and liver pâté If you're pregnant you should avoid eating liver or liver products, (NHS, 2023) Excess vitamin A is toxic. Vitamin A deficiency https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/vitamin-a-deficiency What are the consequences and implications? Night blindness is one of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency. In its more severe forms, vitamin A deficiency contributes to blindness by making the cornea very dry, thus damaging the retina and cornea. An estimated 250 000–500 000 children who are vitamin A-deficient become blind every year, and half of them die within 12 months of losing their sight. World’s leading preventable cause of childhood blindness. Deficiency of vitamin A is associated with significant morbidity and mortality from common childhood infections, Vitamin A deficiency also contributes to maternal mortality and other poor outcomes of pregnancy and lactation. It also diminishes the ability to fight infections. Even mild, subclinical deficiency can be a problem, because it may increase children's risk for respiratory and diarrhoeal infections, decrease growth rates, slow bone development and decrease the likelihood of survival from serious illness. Beta carotene Red-orange pigment, in plants and fruits, especially carrots and colourful vegetables. The body converts beta carotene into vitamin A The advantage of dietary beta carotene is that the body only converts as much as it needs. Healthy antioxidant May prevent cognitive decline https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/769551 May help lung function https://thorax.bmj.com/content/61/4/320 Both may be due to preventing oxidative stress https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/252758#_noHeaderPrefixedContent Foods rich in beta carotene: Apricots, Asparagus, Broccoli, Carrots, Chives, Dandelion leaves, Grapefruit, (Chilli powder, oregano, paprika, parsley), Kale, Onions, Peas, Peppers, Plums, Pumpkin, Spinach, Squash, Sweet potatoes. Role of Vitamin A in the Immune System https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6162863/ Needed for mucous membrane innate immunity (respiratory and GI) Essential for the normal function of many immune cells such as T lymphocytes Vitamin A deficiency is associated with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=comments&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbnZodGdTajdHbllOaTVLWmVFTE9pcFcyWXlCZ3xBQ3Jtc0trbzNvb18yUzUxWUZkZDNEdVdqLTRmOF9qRDA4Q3ItZFFZTEV3b251U25lM3BGblpFR1huMHo5dldCU2E2Y09fQUx6cms5ODNxWGNFbDVRVWlrNTR6RHdibUNJMldhMHdZY2xPdFgxbWFjdXQ3aUNqTQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7049042%2F&stzid=Ugwx9s13s_uXnqgTv7B4AaABAg Beijing, Feb, 2020 N = 122 children, (0 – 15) 52 sMPP Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia 70 nsMPP Non-severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia Serum levels of vitamins A, D, and E were measured and compared, and correlated with nsMPP and sMPP. Results The age was older in the sMPP samples than that in the nsMPP samples. (7.12 vs. 4.01) So older children suffered more severe infections. Vitamin A deficiency was present in both the nsMPP and sMPP samples. Vitamin A levels were significantly lower in the sMPP serum than that in the nsMPP serum. (0.15 vs. 0.19) Vitamin A deficiency was defined Deficiency, less than 0.2 mg/L, Subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 0.2–0.3 mg/L Normal vitamin A level by 0.3–0.7 mg/L. So, children with lower vitamin A levels suffered more severe infections. Vitamins E and D levels were also lower in sMPP children Vitamin E (7.4 vs. 8.22) Vitamin D (23.08 vs. 32.07) Both sMPP and nsMPP did not show a deficiency of vitamins E and D.

Vitamin A (which is retinol) and immunity WHO report https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON494 https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-a/ Vitamin A has several important functions helping natural defence against illness and infection (immune system) work properly helping vision in dim light keeping skin and the lining of some parts of the body, such as the nose, healthy Good sources of vitamin A Good sources of vitamin A (retinol) include: cheese eggs oily fish fortified low-fat spreads milk and yoghurt liver and liver pâté If you're pregnant you should avoid eating liver or liver products, (NHS, 2023) Excess vitamin A is toxic. Vitamin A deficiency https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/vitamin-a-deficiency What are the consequences and implications? Night blindness is one of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency. In its more severe forms, vitamin A deficiency contributes to blindness by making the cornea very dry, thus damaging the retina and cornea. An estimated 250 000–500 000 children who are vitamin A-deficient become blind every year, and half of them die within 12 months of losing their sight. World’s leading preventable cause of childhood blindness. Deficiency of vitamin A is associated with significant morbidity and mortality from common childhood infections, Vitamin A deficiency also contributes to maternal mortality and other poor outcomes of pregnancy and lactation. It also diminishes the ability to fight infections. Even mild, subclinical deficiency can be a problem, because it may increase children's risk for respiratory and diarrhoeal infections, decrease growth rates, slow bone development and decrease the likelihood of survival from serious illness. Beta carotene Red-orange pigment, in plants and fruits, especially carrots and colourful vegetables. The body converts beta carotene into vitamin A The advantage of dietary beta carotene is that the body only converts as much as it needs. Healthy antioxidant May prevent cognitive decline https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/769551 May help lung function https://thorax.bmj.com/content/61/4/320 Both may be due to preventing oxidative stress https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/252758#_noHeaderPrefixedContent Foods rich in beta carotene: Apricots, Asparagus, Broccoli, Carrots, Chives, Dandelion leaves, Grapefruit, (Chilli powder, oregano, paprika, parsley), Kale, Onions, Peas, Peppers, Plums, Pumpkin, Spinach, Squash, Sweet potatoes. Role of Vitamin A in the Immune System https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6162863/ Needed for mucous membrane innate immunity (respiratory and GI) Essential for the normal function of many immune cells such as T lymphocytes Vitamin A deficiency is associated with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=comments&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbnZodGdTajdHbllOaTVLWmVFTE9pcFcyWXlCZ3xBQ3Jtc0trbzNvb18yUzUxWUZkZDNEdVdqLTRmOF9qRDA4Q3ItZFFZTEV3b251U25lM3BGblpFR1huMHo5dldCU2E2Y09fQUx6cms5ODNxWGNFbDVRVWlrNTR6RHdibUNJMldhMHdZY2xPdFgxbWFjdXQ3aUNqTQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7049042%2F&stzid=Ugwx9s13s_uXnqgTv7B4AaABAg Beijing, Feb, 2020 N = 122 children, (0 – 15) 52 sMPP Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia 70 nsMPP Non-severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia Serum levels of vitamins A, D, and E were measured and compared, and correlated with nsMPP and sMPP. Results The age was older in the sMPP samples than that in the nsMPP samples. (7.12 vs. 4.01) So older children suffered more severe infections. Vitamin A deficiency was present in both the nsMPP and sMPP samples. Vitamin A levels were significantly lower in the sMPP serum than that in the nsMPP serum. (0.15 vs. 0.19) Vitamin A deficiency was defined Deficiency, <0.2 mg/L, Subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 0.2–0.3 mg/L Normal vitamin A level by 0.3–0.7 mg/L. So, children with lower vitamin A levels suffered more severe infections. Vitamins E and D levels were also lower in sMPP children Vitamin E (7.4 vs. 8.22) Vitamin D (23.08 vs. 32.07) Both sMPP and nsMPP did not show a deficiency of vitamins E and D. Vitamin A deficiency OR 0.001 – 0.334, (P=0.009) associated with sMPP Incidence of vitamin A deficiency Vitamin A deficiency in under 6 years was 85% of children Vitamin A deficiency in over 6 years was 62.5% of children Vitamin A supplementation could reduce the incidence of sMPP. Conclusions Vitamin A deficiency is associated with sMPP and more likely present in the younger sMPP children. Therefore, it is important to monitor and supplement vitamin A in Mycoplasma pneumonia patients. Extra details Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) frequently causes community-acquired pneumonia in children Occurs throughout the year. Can be transmitted by droplets Children of all ages are susceptible In recent years, the number of children with MP pneumonia has increased, and they have a prolonged course of the disease. Typical symptoms Fever, wheezing, difficulty in breathing, chest pain, and chills. MPP, particularly refractory or severe MPP, often result in pleural effusion, atelectasis, and another organ damage. Vitamin deficiencies lead to a higher incidence of respiratory and digestive diseases in patients, particularly in children. Vitamins also have a significant impact on disease prognosis. Our findings show that vitamin A deficiency was significantly correlated with sMPP, and more likely occurred in the younger children. Vitamin A plays an important pleiotropic role in supporting the normal mucosal barrier, with the result of the increase of the risk of invasive pathogens. Children who presented vitamin A deficiency were more likely to get an acute respiratory tract infection and diarrhea. Vitamin A regulates cytokine The functions of macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells were impaired, and the protective function of the respiratory mucosa was also decreased in the deficiency of vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to changes in the extracellular matrix and basement membrane protein content and distribution. Vitamin A deficient rats have thicker alveolar basement membranes The incidence and severity of infectious diseases are increased in vitamin A deficient children. Epidemiological surveys show that the incidence of vitamin A deficiency is significantly associated with age; the younger the age, the higher the incidence of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with sMPP, and the supplementation of vitamin A may reduce the occurrence of sMPP in children. Several studies also showed that supplementation of vitamin A could reduce the incidence of respiratory infections and shorten the course of the disease. Vitamin A deficiency was more likely present in younger sMPP children, suggesting that supplementation of vitamin A is more important in younger children who have potential MP infection. In our study, although we did not find a significant correlation between vitamins E and D levels with nsMPP and sMPP, vitamins E and D should be maintained at least at the normal levels.

Clusters of undiagnosed pneumonia in Beijing and North China What’s behind China’s mysterious wave of childhood pneumonia? China, surge in respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, in children. International society for infectious diseases https://promedmail.org https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/china-disease-latest-who-covid-infection-children/ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-12779783/child-pneumonia-outbreak-china-hospitals.html Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (International Society for Infectious Diseases) Clusters of “undiagnosed pneumonia” We expected a surge in respiratory disease this time of year, but what is happening in China is unusual. ? more than rebound ? community immune debt Hospitals in Beijing and 500 miles northeast in Liaoning are 'overwhelmed with sick children' with unusual symptoms that include Radio Free Asia reported said that more than 3,500 cases of 'respiratory infection' had been admitted to the Beijing Children's Hospital at the start of October,. 1000 new cases per day https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/223609-overview China has now included Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as other known respiratory pathogens, like influenza, covid and RSV Local reports inflammation in the lungs a high fever but no cough Mycoplasma pneumoniae It is among the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in school age children. Generalized aches and pains Fever usually ≤ 102°F, (38.9’C) Cough - Usually nonproductive Sore throat (nonexudative pharyngitis) Headache/myalgias Chills but not rigors Nasal congestion with coryza Earache General malaise Pneumonia develops in only 5-10% of persons who are infected. The Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/28/health/china-respiratory-illness-surge-wellness/index.html https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/11/28/chinese-hospitals-pandemic-outbreak-pneumonia/ The World Health Organization Upsurge of respiratory illnesses among children-Northern China 23rd November https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON494 The WHO requested information Using International health regulations Laboratory results and data Recent trends in the spread of respiratory illnesses, from China’s health authorities last week. WHO said China’s health authorities have said rise in hospitalizations since October to known pathogens, such as adenoviruses, influenza virus, and RSV, (which tends to cause only mild, cold-like symptoms) Common winter infections — as opposed to any new pathogens — are behind the spike in hospitalizations. https://themessenger.com/health/china-respiratory-illness-outbreak-mysterious-beijing-covid-2023 Chinese medical statistics remain deeply unreliable; the country still claims that total COVID-19 deaths sit at just over 120,000, whereas independent estimates suggest the number may have been over 2 million in just the initial outbreak alone. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/nearly-2-million-excess-deaths-followed-chinas-sudden-end-covid-curbs-study-2023-08-25/ Nature news explainer, 27th November https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03732-w China’s first without COVID-19 restrictions since the pandemic began in 2020. Mycoplasma pneumonia and RSV are known to affect children more than adults. No changes in the disease presentation were reported by the Chinese health authorities. Chinese authorities advised that, since mid-October, enhanced outpatient and inpatient surveillance has been implemented for respiratory illnesses What is unusual, say epidemiologists, is the high prevalence of pneumonia in China. UK, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mostly drove spikes in illness. November 2022, more hospitalized influenza in US Main cause of pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bacterium that infects the lungs. Normally causes a milder ‘walking pneumonia’, doesn’t require bed rest or hospitalization. Medscape Slow spread throughout households is common, with a mean incubation period of 20-23 days. Disease tends to not be seasonal, except for a slight increase in late summer and early fall. Benjamin Cowling, epidemiologist, University of Hong Kong “This is a typical ‘winter surge’ in acute respiratory infections,” “It is happening slightly earlier this year, perhaps because of increased population susceptibility to respiratory infections resulting from three years of COVID measures.” Francois Balloux, computational biologist, University College London “Since China experienced a far longer and harsher lockdown than essentially any other country on Earth, it was anticipated that those ‘lockdown exit’ waves could be substantial in China,” However Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections have very been common. Teachers getting ill Bacterial pneumonia is often secondary to viral infections, Opportunistic infection Studies show that resistance rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to macrolides in Beijing are between 70% and 90% Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.02060-12 (data up to 2012) levofloxacin as a secondary choice Working hypotheses No evidence of a novel virus or bacterium Probably dangerous mycoplasma antibiotic resistance Possible bacterial infection after novel virus, but less likely New pandemic not immanent due to slow household transmission Slow spread of multiple antibiotic resistance spread of mycoplasmic pneumonia Need to optimise immune function, nutrition, vitamin D, sleep, exercise, appropriate antigenic challenge and hygiene hypothesis Upgrade innate immunity as per Professor Angus Dalgleish and Professor Robert Clancy

Iceland halts Moderna jabs over heart-inflammation fears https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-10-iceland-halts-moderna-jabs-heart-inflammation.html Iceland suspended Moderna anti-COVID vaccine Chief Epidemiologist Þórólfur Guðnason https://www.icelandreview.com/news/moderna-use-on-pause-in-iceland/ Iceland will halt the use of Moderna vaccine Decision was made after reviewing new data from the Nordic countries, which shows an increased incidence of myocarditis, as well as pericarditis Decision was announced on website of the Directorate of health https://island.is/um-embaettid/frettir/frett/item47717/Notkun-COVID-19-boluefnis-Moderna-a-Islandi "the increased incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis after vaccination with the Moderna vaccine, as well as with vaccination using Pfizer/BioNTech," Sweden Currently restricts Moderna to people individuals born after 1991. Norway and Denmark Recommend against Moderna for children aged 12 – 17. https://island.is/en https://island.is/um-embaettid/frettir/frett/item47717/Notkun-COVID-19-boluefnis-Moderna-a-Islandi https://www.covid.is/covid-19-vaccine Finland halts Moderna vaccinations for young men https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-10-finland-halts-moderna-vaccinations-young.html Mika Salminen, director of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Finnish health authorities, stop giving Moderna to young men, over fears of heart inflammation side effects. Moderna "should not be given to men and boys under 30 years of age for the time being." https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/overview-COVID-19-vaccines.html Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines billions of vaccines administered globally, demonstrates that they are safe and effective. Side Effects Side effects throughout the body (such as fever, chills, tiredness, and headache) are more common after the second dose of a Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, or Novavax COVID-19 vaccine. Adverse Events Severe allergic reactions to vaccines are rare but can happen. There is a rare risk of myocarditis and pericarditis associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, mostly among males ages 12–39 years. Stay Up to Date with COVID-19 Vaccines https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html

COVID, the untold story. So much more makes sense after this book and my first illuminating discussion with Dr. Craig. Get your copy in the UK here: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Expired-untold-Dr-Clare-Craig/dp/1739344707 For friends in the US get your copy here, https://www.amazon.com/Expired-untold-Dr-Clare-Craig/dp/1739344707 Have you ever felt the covid story did not entirely add up? Expired contains multiple eye-opening revelations about covid with compelling evidence that provides a coherent, sober and clear explanation that better fits the data we have so far. Meticulous research by pathologist Dr Clare Craig sheds light on the largely overlooked evidence of airborne virus transmission, examining twelve related beliefs on spread, lockdowns, asymptomatic infections, and masks. In addition, Expired champions the importance of Western ethical principles, damaged by pandemic actions and calls for their restoration. The covid debate has proved incredibly polarising. One side believed every intervention was saving lives, while the other emphasised the harms caused. Biased modelling based on a worst-case scenario led to fearful assumptions presented as fact. By dint of sheer repetition these ‘facts’ became unquestionable. Those scientists who dared to question were proclaimed dangerous. Welcome to Cloud-Covid-Land. Let’s bring back nuance. It’s time to return to reality."

Depression https://patient.info/doctor/patient-health-questionnaire-phq-9 Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Scores each of the nine DSM-IV criteria) Over the last two weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? Little interest or pleasure in doing things? Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless? Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much? Feeling tired or having little energy? Poor appetite or overeating? Feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down? Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television? Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? (Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual)? Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way? Depression Severity 0-4 none 5-9 mild 10-14 moderate 15-19 moderately severe 20-27 severe All features may be self-reported (subjective account) or observed by others In assessing for the presence of major depression Sensitivity of 88% Picks up 88% of cases, misses (false negative) 12 % of cases Specificity of 88% Correctly diagnoses 88% of the time, gives a false positive 12% of the time https://patient.info/mental-health/depression-leaflet/suicidal-thoughts

Post-Vaccination Syndrome: A Descriptive Analysis of Reported Symptoms and Patient Experiences After Covid-19 Immunization https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.23298266v1.full.pdf Yale Listen to Immune, Symptom and Treatment Experiences Now (LISTEN) Study (online) https://medicine.yale.edu/ycci/listen-study/ LISTEN study, approved by Yale University Institutional Review Board Introduction A chronic post-vaccination syndrome (PVS) after covid-19 vaccination has been reported but has yet to be well characterized. A chronic syndrome with symptoms that begin soon after vaccination Methods People who joined, May 2022 to July 2023 N = 241 individuals, (211 from the US) aged 18 and older, who self-reported PVS after covid-19 vaccination, Deep immune profiling is used for some individuals Results Median age of participants, 46 years Among participants with PVS 127 (55%) had received BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] 86 (37%) received the mRNA-1273 [Moderna] Time from index vaccination to symptom onset Median time, 3 days (IQR: 1 day to 8 days). Time from vaccination to symptom survey completion 595 days (IQR: 417 to 661 days) Median Euro-QoL visual analogue scale score was 50 (IQR: 39 to 70). The five most common symptoms Exercise intolerance (71%) Excessive fatigue (69%) Numbness (63%) Brain fog (63%) Neuropathy (63%) In the week before survey completion (Experienced at least once in the week) Feeling unease (93%) Fearfulness (82%) Overwhelmed by worries (81%) Feelings of helplessness (80%) Anxiety (76%) Depression (76%) Hopelessness (72%) Worthlessness (49%) Concerns related to living situations and food security were also prominent. Symptom Severity When asked to quantify symptom severity on their worst days, (0 representing a trivial illness and 100 unbearable condition) Participants reported a median severity of 80 Interventions to treat their condition Participants reported a median of 20 (IQR: 13 to 30). Oral steroids, 116 (48% participants) Gabapentin, 61 (25%) Low-dose naltrexone, 48 (20%) I, 44 (18%) Propranolol, 27 (11%) Bronchodilators, 26 (11%) More than 500 additional treatments were reported by participants Limiting exercise or exertion Quitting alcohol or caffeine Hydration and increasing salt intake Intermittent fasting Conclusions In this study, individuals who reported PVS after covid-19 vaccination had low health status, high symptom burden, and high psychosocial stress, despite trying many treatments. There is a need for continued investigation to understand and treat this condition. Looks like you can join, Kindred study Kindred is a community of patients, working with researchers to power more useful, impactful progress. https://www.kindred.hugo.health/research/listen-study https://kindredapp.hugo.health/auth/login?ref=%2F

Free download John’s textbooks in high res pdf. https://drjohncampbell.co.uk Order my Physiology Notes in hard copy if you live in the UK, https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/154973392319?mkcid=16&mkevt=1&mkrid=711-127632-2357-0&ssspo=K6raxMZrQnm&sssrc=2047675&ssuid=&widget_ver=artemis&media=EMAIL ‘Excess mortality’ continuing surge causes concerns https://insurancenewsnet.com/innarticle/excess-mortality-continuing-surge-causes-concerns Life insurance executives and actuaries believe the numbers are alarming Life insurers paid record levels of claims in 2021, biggest one-year increase since 1918 Distributed a record $100.28 billion in total death benefits. Younger adult death rate up 20% in 2023 Center of Disease Control that show mortality rates alarmingly rising for different categories. The surge in excess deaths caught carriers off guard 15 – 19 years % difference from 2019 2018, 1% 2020, 21% 2021, 28% 2022, 21% 2023, (Jan – May), 24% 30 – 34 years % difference from 2019 2018, -1% 2020, 30% 2021, 42% 2022, 30% 2023, (Jan – May), 23% 40 – 44 years % difference from 2019 2018, -2% 2020, 30% 2021, 45% 2022, 30% 2023, (Jan – May), 25% Cause of death data show increased cardiac mortality in all ages. As COVID-related causes declined in 2022, others rose, particularly stroke, diabetes, kidney and liver diseases. Society of Actuaries poll In August 2022, 85% thought excess morality rates would continue to 2025. In September 2023, 79% believed excess mortality rates will continue through 2026. UK data https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYmUwNmFhMjYtNGZhYS00NDk2LWFlMTAtOTg0OGNhNmFiNGM0IiwidCI6ImVlNGUxNDk5LTRhMzUtNGIyZS1hZDQ3LTVmM2NmOWRlODY2NiIsImMiOjh9 Our world in data link https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline

Is the US’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System broken? https://www.bmj.com/content/383/bmj.p2582 BMJ investigation Concerns Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) system isn’t operating as intended https://vaers.hhs.gov Capturing post-market safety signals Signals are being missed? Robert Sullivan, anaesthesiologist, Maryland Very fit and well, 49 Second dose of covid vaccine Two weeks Collapsed at home on treadmill Diagnosis of sudden onset pulmonary hypertension https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pulmonary-hypertension/ Rare in middle aged men Dr. Sullivan filed a VAERS report Submission process was a glitchy race against the clock. “The format is cumbersome and it times you out” Dr. Sullivan received email “e-report” number VAERS is supposed to be user friendly, responsive, and transparent. Unprecedented (1.66 million reports) number of reports since the rollout of covid vaccines Vast majority of recent reports, covid vaccines Nearly one in five meet the criteria of serious. Pre pandemic, 60 000 adverse event reports each year. Staffing levels failed to keep pace Signs that the system is overwhelmed, reports aren’t being followed up, and signals are being missed. The BMJ spoken to physicians and a state medical examiner, who filed serious reports, and were never contacted by clinical reviewers or were contacted months later. VAERS database includes only initial reports, case updates and corrections are kept on a separate, back end system. (a private, back end system containing all updates and corrections—such as a formal diagnosis, recovery, or death) (to protect patient confidentiality) Patients, doctors, and public only have access to incomplete and uncorrected version. Marie Lindquist, former director Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Sweden Good pharmacovigilance requires prompt data collection, review by people with clinical expertise, and adequate follow-up “We know that even the best clinical trials won’t detect [rare adverse events]” CDC has reviewed nearly 20 000 preliminary reports of death using VAERS Has not acknowledged a single death linked to mRNA vaccines. February 2021 Pfizer analysis of adverse event reports Had onboarded 600 additional full time employees to handle the volume and planned to employ a total of 1800 Dr. Patrick Whelan, rheumatologist and researcher, University of California Los Angeles 2022, reported a 7 year old boy, had a cardiac arrest after covid vaccination. “I assumed that, since it was a catastrophic event, the safety committee would want to hear about it right away,” To his knowledge, nobody called or requested medical records. Dr. James Gill, medical examiner and forensic pathologist, Connecticut June 2021, VAERS report, first of his 25 year career 15 year old boy who died suddenly days after a second jab Autopsy “stress cardiomyopathy following second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech covid-19 vaccine.” Dr. Gill can’t recall getting any calls from VAERS after he filled out the online form, still has only a temporary “e-report” number. November 2022, React19 30 000 people who have experienced prolonged illness after covid vaccination, reviewed 126 VAERS reports among its ranks. One in three of the reports they looked for didn’t show up in the publicly searchable database Dr. Helen, intensive care and emergency physician Filed reports on behalf of several patients, including six who died Received a request for medical records for just one of the deaths “You’re not meeting your defined definition of follow-up,” “There’s a breakdown in your system.” “the FDA is not naming additional adverse reactions to the vaccines because the passive surveillance systems aren’t displaying it. But the passive surveillance systems aren’t displaying it because physicians are blinded to the adverse reactions in their patients, and thus aren’t reporting them.” FDA responded by email “is actively engaged in safety surveillance of these vaccines to identify and address potential safety concerns” “physicians and epidemiologists from the FDA and CDC continuously screen and analyse data from VAERS for covid-19 vaccines to identify potential signals that would indicate the need for further study.” FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Collects reports on drugs, does maintain a publicly accessible database that gets updated Harlan Krumholz, cardiologist and researcher, Yale “We are working hard to understand the experience, clinical course, and potential mechanisms of the ailments reported by those who have had severe symptoms arise soon after the vaccination,” “There are so many people whose lives have been changed dramatically—but what I don’t know is how many or why.”

Landmark legal case Oxford AstraZeneca Covid jab was ‘defective’ 8th November 2023 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/11/08/oxford-astrazeneca-covid-jab-defective-claims-legal-case/ https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1832962/Oxford-AstraZeneca-covid-vaccine-legal-efficiency Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine has been branded “defective” Claims efficacy, vastly overstated High Court test case Mr. Jamie Scott Bleed on the brain Suffered a significant permanent brain injury Now unable to work Vaccinated, April 2021, blood clot Claim, Consumer Protection Act 1987, argues AstraZeneca vaccine “defective” (not as safe as individuals were entitled to expect) From Mr and Mrs Scott “We were told by the Government the vaccine was safe and effective but what’s happened to Jamie has been life changing and their vaccine caused that.” “AstraZeneca cannot continue to ignore the circumstances in which their vaccine has caused devastating injury and loss,” “Our legal case will seek to hold AstraZeneca to account but we need to build a significant fighting fund to get justice.” Second claim Mrs Alpa Tailor (35) Case brought by her widower Inquest confirmed vaccine death Two test cases Could pave the way for 80 damages claims (£80 million) Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT) Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) At least 81 deaths in the UK, suspected to be linked to clotting and low platelets (almost one in five sufferers died) https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know WHO, 13 June 2022 The vaccine is safe and effective for all individuals aged 18 and above. AstraZeneca last night to the Telegraph Patient safety was its “highest priority” Vaxzevria, “continuously been shown to have an acceptable safety profile” Regulators around the world “consistently state that the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks of extremely rare potential side effects”. Question about UK Government monitoring Germany suspended use in under 60s, end of March 2021 UK, stopped for under 30s April 7th 2021 UK, stopped for under 40s May 2021 Freedom of Information request 148 payouts under Government Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme 144 for AZ, (£120,000) WhatsApp messages to or from Matt Hancock Concerns aired by US authorities AstraZeneca never applied for a licence in the US Sir John Bell Professor of medicine Oxford (Government’s chief adviser on life sciences) and adviser to the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation AstraZeneca had become “really frazzled” “They accept that their comms are a bit clunky, and they misjudged some things like clinical trials data and manufacturing, partly because they’ve not done a vaccine before.” Legal argument No warning of the risk of VITT in the product information sheet at the time. AstraZeneca issued press releases following clinical trials, Vaxzevria, between 62% to 90% per cent effective at preventing symptomatic Covid-19 “In fact, the absolute risk reduction concerning Covid-19 prevention was only 1.2 per cent.” (Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority) https://www.pmcpa.org.uk Lawyers to examine government reassurance Mr Hancock, (accompanying departmental minute) “The data so far on this vaccine suggests that there will be no adverse reactions, and so no liability.” Sarah Moore, partner at Hausfeld “The group of individuals whom we represent have always been clear: they do not dabble in anti-vaccine conspiracy theories However, it is plainly factually inaccurate to claim that vaccines do no harm given the experience of our client group – the vaccine injured and bereaved.” AZ point MHRA had granted “full marketing approval… for the UK based on the safety profile and efficacy of the vaccine”. Andrew Bridgen speech https://www.bbc.co.uk/helpandfeedback/corrections_clarifications 03/11/2023 We have reviewed our use of on-screen captions during an Adjournment Debate at the House of Commons called ‘Trends in Excess Deaths’. There were concerns that the captions, which outlined the NHS guidance on vaccines for Covid-19 and other diseases, showed bias against Andrew Bridgen MP who was making a speech that challenged the Government’s position on the safety and efficacy of the Covid-19 vaccines. It is normal practice to provide accurate information and context to these debates on screen and in this case it was an important aspect of our coverage due to the nature of the assertions being made in relation to public health. However, we accept that there was a lack of consistency in our use of these captions and that the number posted during the speech was not proportionate, nor always relevant, which created the incorrect impression that there was an editorial approach in relation to the views expressed. We apologise for this and are reviewing the way we use captions during such proceedings.

If you would like to support the work of campbellteaching, for children in Africa, please use the PayPal link below. https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=XS59XPZ527YFL We have two main projects we are supporting at the present time: The first is the Buwanga Way to Health Foundation, https://buwanga.org This is a registered NGO in Uganda we have started three years go. The relatively small scale, and working through a small number of known individuals allows us to avoid problem of corruption which have been associated with some projects in the past. I visited this Buwanda in Uganda last year and personally confirmed the work being done. For example, this is a ‘health camp’ we conducted during my stay, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCfFLUTENp4 In addition to direct medical work, we also help local food security by growing crops and milling maize corn. The profits made from milling are used to sustain poor local children, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHhPA_9unFo&t=136s Currently we are providing for over 200 children. As this sub-project is supported by local enterprise we have instigated, it is consistent with the philosophy of ‘empowerment not aid’. Regular reports on this Uganda work are published by Registered Medical Officer Wefwafwa Andrew via his YouTube channel, https://www.youtube.com/@WefwafwaAndrew The second main project we support is New Hope Children’s Centre Uplands (near Nairobi, Kenya), https://www.newhopeuplands.org This was founded by a remarkable woman called Anne Chege, whom I have known for about 12 years. Again, this is a project I have personally visited several times and can confirm its validity. This was my last interview with Anne, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usTxGgZ8G08 This is my brief video from my last visit, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3z_U78bcL5M I also have good friends who live in Nairobi and visit the Children’s Centre several times per year. Natural immunity https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/341241/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci-Brief-Natural-immunity-2021.1-eng.pdf?sequence=3 Within 4 weeks following infection, 90-99% of individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus develop detectable neutralizing antibodies. Available scientific data suggests that in most people immune responses remain robust and protective against reinfection for at least 6-8 months after infection (the longest follow up with strong scientific evidence is currently approximately 8 months). Cellular immunity elicited by natural infection also target other viral proteins, which tend to be more conserved across variants than the spike protein. Natural immunity Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Naturally Acquired Immunity versus Vaccine-induced Immunity, Reinfections versus Breakthrough Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/75/1/e545/6563799 Background Waning of protection, conferred by 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, begins shortly after injection, becomes substantial within 4 months. Group 1, N = 673,676 Vaccine not Infection Group SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals who received a 2-dose regimen of the BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. Group 2, N = 62,883 Infection not Vaccine Group Previously infected individuals who have not been vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-related outcomes (Delta variant times) Infection 13 times more infections in vaccinated group Symptomatic disease 27 times more disease in vaccinated group Hospitalization 8 in vaccinated group, 0 in infection group Conclusions Naturally acquired immunity confers stronger protection against infection and symptomatic disease caused by the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the BNT162b2 2-dose vaccine-indued immunity. Cleveland Clinic https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.21258176v3 Health-care workers 1,359 unvaccinated, who had previously tested positive, non got infected The study authors concluded: “individuals who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection are unlikely to benefit from covid-19 vaccination.” Professor Marty Makary, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, editor-in-chief of Medpage Today https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/09/15/natural-immunity-vaccine-mandate/ It’s okay to have an incorrect scientific hypothesis. But when new data proves it wrong, you have to adapt. Unfortunately, many elected leaders and public health officials have held on far too long to the hypothesis that natural immunity offers unreliable protection against covid-19, a contention that is being rapidly debunked by science. Sixteen studies have demonstrated the power of acquired immunity That’s why it’s so frustrating that the Biden administration has repeatedly argued that immunity conferred by vaccines is preferable to immunity caused by natural infection,

Lies and secrets https://studio.youtube.com/video/7Qt9ILENJGU/edit L We had the same or even worse situation in Swedish care homes where they even refused oxygen to the vulnerable elderlies having problems breathing. . . oxygen was a too complicated and possibly dangerous procedure to be trusted to the care home nurses. C My 94yr old nan was hospitalised. She’d also tested positive but wasn’t too poorly - no breathing issues just temperature- I spoke to her by phone and she was distressed and felt alone with no visitors allowed in hospital. So they sedated her and put her in end of life plan! She died several days later - I was allowed to visit at the end, she was unconscious, breathing fine but with no intervention she was allowed to dehydrate to death. She didn’t die of Covid she died of a policy of euthanasia. She was always afraid of hospitals as she believed they took away your control and were places to die… I’d tried to persuade her they were there to look after you and make you better - but in the end very sadly she was right. I’m shocked and disillusioned by all this too John Care homes in Scotland https://www.covid19inquiry.scot https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/10/25/care-home-residents-starve-pandemic-covid-inquiry-scotland/ Shelagh McCall KC, representing bereaved relatives Residents may have been “neglected and left to starve” Blanket ban on visitors Phone calls “went unanswered over days and sometimes weeks” Relatives, treated “with disdain” questions “fobbed off” Families told relatives were fine “only to get a sudden hurried phone call that they were dying” Relatives reported, “a significant deterioration of their loved ones’ physical and mental health” “was nothing to do with Covid 19” “some suspect that their loved one was suffering from neglect, dehydration and starvation” “That residents may have been neglected and left to starve, that families are not sure they were told the truth about their relative’s cause of death, that the usual process for the certification of death was departed from.” “We anticipate that the inquiry will hear that people were pressured to agree to sign do not resuscitate notices, and that people were not resuscitated even though no such notice was in place,” Ms McCall, inquiry must investigate potential violations of Article 3, Human Rights Act prohibiting “torture, inhuman and degrading treatment”. “Relatives will speak of their loved ones lacking food, water, and hygiene. That there was inappropriate, inadequate, absent or delayed medical attention,” S My dad with Alzheimer's was diagnosed with "covid" in 2020 while in a care home. A few weeks later I was allowed to see him as they said he was not eating. When I saw him he looked like a human skeleton. He was shut in his room without food or water(Liverpool Pathway), and while I was there he had a ten second phone consultation with a GP, when a" care "worker pointed her mobile phone at my dad. "He looks happy enough!" was the GP's verdict! My dad died a couple of days later; I call it murder! V I kept my 80 yo parents isolated in their homes until omicron dominated. They took vitamin D,C and zinc. They were not vaccinated. Their inevitable illness then was mild. Medical records “missing or incomplete” for fatalities Residents, forced into agreeing to do not resuscitate plans Evidence would “point to a systemic failure of the model of care”. Scottish Covid Bereaved Discharging untested hospital patients into care homes, “ultimately a death sentence for the elderly” March, April and May 2020 113 hospital patients, tested positive, transferred to care 3,061 transferred from hospital to care homes without beige tested Covid allowed to enter care homes “spread like wildfire” T The same thing happened in Ontario, Canada. People stood spending hours outside of their loved one's windows of the care homes. Helplessly saying things like, "I love you and even final goodbyes through the glass to their elderly, helpless parents. Beyond disgusting. Lord Stevens, led NHS England until 2021 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/11/02/covid-inquiry-live-simon-stevens-ex-nhs-ceo-latest-updates/ https://covid19.public-inquiry.uk Matt Hancock, wanted to decide “who should live and who should die” if hospitals became overwhelmed “The secretary of state for health and social care took the position that in this situation he – rather than, say, the medical profession or the public – should ultimately decide who should live and who should die. Fortunately, this horrible dilemma never crystallised.” “I felt that we are well served by the medical profession, in consultation with patients to the greatest extent possible, in making those kinds of decisions.” Mr Cummings in August 2020 “I must stress that leaving Hancock in post is a big mistake. He’s a proven liar, who nobody believes or should believe on anything. And we face going into an autumn crisis with him in charge of the NHS still.”

UK Covid inquiry reveals unpleasant material https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwLLflmJuC8 Dominic Cummings “1000 times worse than my language was the underlying insanity of the situation in Number 10.” Start of 2020 UK’s first national lockdown, considered a “completely crazy idea” “no way” nationwide restrictions could be introduced in Britain Strict border controls on China and more testing, “much better” outcome than lockdown. Cummings to Johnson, March - May 2020 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/10/31/covid-inquiry-live-dominic-cummings-latest/#1698754849491 Matt Hancock “unfit for this job” WhatsApp message, May 7 2020 “Hancock is unfit for this job. The incompetence, the constant lies, the obsession with media bullshit over doing his job. “Still no fucking serious testing in care homes his uselessness is still killing god knows how many. This morning you must ask him when will we get to 500k per day and where is your plan for testing all care home workers weekly.” Vulnerable people 'almost appallingly neglected' in lockdown decision “one of the most appalling things” lack of a shielding plan “and the Cabinet Office was trying to block us creating a shielding plan”. Later message to the PM from Cummings “You need to think through timing of binning Hancock. There’s no way the guy can stay. He’s lied his way through this and killed people and dozens and dozens of people have seen it.” WhatsApp message, 20 April 2020 from Mark Sedwill (Senior civil servant) “fast losing confidence in Hancock’s candour as well as grip.” Culture of secrecy Dominic Cummings a “culture of secrecy” in the Cabinet Office, blocked Sage minutes “I also had a very strong view that the Sage minutes and other documentation should be made public in February for scrutiny” “Patrick completely agreed - unfortunately again, the culture of secrecy in the Cabinet Office blocked that - not just in February/March, but blocking it for, I can’t remember how long, a very long time.”

Free download of John’s text books. Apologies about the recent technical problem, the link to my books is now working perfectly. https://drjohncampbell.co.uk Order my Physiology Notes in hard copy if you live in the UK, https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/155780745424?mkcid=16&mkevt=1&mkrid=711-127632-2357-0&ssspo=K6raxMZrQnm&sssrc=4429486&ssuid=K6raxMZrQnm&var=&widget_ver=artemis&media=EMAIL Our world in data https://ourworldindata.org https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline https://ourworldindata.org/excess-mortality-covid Excess mortality is a term used in epidemiology and public health that refers to the number of deaths from all causes during a crisis above and beyond what we would have expected to see under ‘normal’ conditions Excess deaths = Reported deaths – Expected deaths https://ourworldindata.org/excess-mortality-covid#excess-mortality-our-data-sources The Human Mortality Database is maintained by a team of researchers based at the University of California, Berkeley, USA and the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany.

Safe and effective, what do these words actually mean? Ester McVey, British MP, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0DyItbDv9Y&t=5s

Link to the full document, https://apps.who.int/gb/wgihr/pdf_files/wgihr1/WGIHR_Compilation-en.pdf Video on Andrew Bridgen's channel, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhvr9_KGIzs James Roguski links https://jamesroguski.substack.com/p/an-open-letter-to-world-leaders http://StopTheAmendments.com http://ExitTheWHO.org (worldwide) http://ExitTheWHO.com (USA) http://ThePeoplesDeclaration.com http://ScrewTheWHO.com http://JamesRoguski.substack.com/archive +1 310-619-3055

If you live in the UK, you can contact your MP using this link, https://www.parliament.uk/get-involved/contact-an-mp-or-lord/contact-your-mp/ Watch the debate live, https://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/00961342-e42c-431c-b26b-fda858dba69b

If you live in the UK, you can contact your MP using this link, https://www.parliament.uk/get-involved/contact-an-mp-or-lord/contact-your-mp/

A warning about a potential dystopian future from Mr Philipp Kruse, international lawyer, based in Zurick, Switzerland.

Health and Democracy Conference 13 September, 2023 EU Parliament Strasbourg Philipp Kruse one of the lawyers involved in citizens initiative gives a speech at the European Parliament for the ECI citizens initiative to challenge the WHO on their pandemic treaty. The Powergrab of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Philipp Kruse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQ86dgzduVU https://apps.who.int/gb/wgihr/pdf_files/wgihr1/WGIHR_Compilation-en.pdf https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/po... https://apps.who.int/gb/wgpr/pdf_file... Philipp Kruse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07gX9IFqNRM

Professor Angus Dalgleish The Origin of the Virus: The hidden truths behind the microbe that killed millions of people https://www.amazon.co.uk/Origin-Virus-hidden-microbe-millions/dp/1854571060/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2CLT7DF6A3HCQ&keywords=the+origin+of+the+virus&qid=1696971118&sprefix=the+origin+of+the+virus%2Caps%2C90&sr=8-1 The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health https://www.amazon.co.uk/Real-Anthony-Fauci-Pharma-Democracy/dp/B09LVY1WHB/ref=sr_1_1?crid=15763ETGUTIHY&keywords=the+real+anthony+fauci+by+robert+f.+kennedy+jr&qid=1696971240&sprefix=the+real+anthony+fau%2Caps%2C89&sr=8-1 Viral: The Search for the Origin of Covid-19 https://www.amazon.co.uk/Audible-Viral-Search-Origin-Covid-19/dp/B09FN832VM/ref=sr_1_1?crid=28Y55QQGIW5DP&keywords=viral&qid=1696971371&s=audible&sprefix=viral%2Caudible%2C78&sr=1-1 Mycobacteria, Gramm positive, rod shaped, TB, leprosy (mould like colony surfaces) Viral ‘inserts’ Not naturally occurring Similar to those published from Wuhan lab Single epidemiological outbreak, one place one time Similarity to viruses from North Thailand area No animal vector identified Wuhan database taken off line late 2019 Wuhan biosafety events No antibody evidence from previous infections in humans or animals Homologous sequences with HI Virus Furin cleavage site in the spike protein Furin is a human transmembrane protein 794 amino acids Natural, accidental, or deliberate https://www.help.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/report_an_analysis_of_the_origins_of_covid-19_102722.pdf https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Final-Minority-Report-on-the-Origins-of-the-COVID-19-Global-Pandemic-Including-the-Roles-of-the-CCP-and-WHO-9.20.20-Coverpage.pdf https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2305081

Profound new medical research from Professor Angus Dalgleish, MD, FRCP, FRCPA, FRCPath, FMedSci Clinical consultant treating melanoma Heat killed mycobacteria to boost immune system, INM101

Links for Jessica https://jessicasuniverse.com https://jessicar.substack.com https://jessica5b3.substack.com @JessLovesMJK

Professor Angus Dalgleish, MD, FRCP, FRCPA, FRCPath, FMedSci Clinical consultant treating melanoma Heat killed mycobacteria to boost immune system, INM101 Endemic vitamin D in the UK, if this is improved, immunotherapy also improves. 5 – 20 year stable melanoma patient relapsing Melanomas often activated after extreme stress, divorce, bereavement etc. Now seeing more melanoma relapse, but these patients did not have life trauma, but they had been boosted. In the group getting melanoma relapses, they all mentioned they were up to date with covid boosters. Could it be the boosters that were leading to the relapse. After 30 years of vaccine work and research, focus on antibodies is misguided, T cells are more important. Innate T cell activity goes down after age of 55, in your boots by age 70 As innate T cell function goes down cancers increase So, does the decline in innate T cell activity causse’ the increase in cancer Heat killed mycobacterial vaccine boosts this immune response. If you keep giving killed mycobacterium, it does not induce antibodies, just keeps boosting T cells. Also seems to protect against colds and flu by boosting immune response. PD predicted this would be a good front line for covid. At the height of the first wave, none of the patients on mycobacteria vaccine caught covid, eval although they had advanced melanoma. Staff were getting ill, none of the vulnerable patients got sick with covid. In general, if you need to give more than 2 shots of vaccine, it doesn’t work. Vaccines should be given to people with known immune status. If you don’t need a vaccine it will make things worse. You only have a limited capacity in your immune system. If you boost with another vaccine, to harness half of the immune system to make antibodies, to a virus, which no longer exists on the planet. Then you will weaken the immune system. Confirmed by science, after booster you no longer make IgG 1 and 3 neutralising antibodies, you make IgG4 Boosters also suppress the T cell response. T cell response crashes after the booster in cancer patients, not in all but many of these patients. T cells control melanoma, relapses only occurred when there was T cell perturbation. Boosters cause perturbation. (First 11 minutes)